Reading, Listening and Writing Skills
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The document discusses various skills related to reading, including why reading is important for mental stimulation, empathy, learning, and stress relief. It provides tips for how to read, such as preparing a comfortable environment, actively engaging with the text, and using techniques like scanning, skimming, highlighting, and note-taking. The document also covers listening skills, writing skills, and strategies for improving reading, listening, and writing abilities.
Reading, Listening and Writing Skills
- 2. Why Read? • Increase mental stimulation • Nurture empathy • Discover the world • Enrich imagination • Enrich vocabulary • Develop reading skills nagaRAJU • Relax the mind & reduce stress • Entertain • Augment analytical skills • Develop concentration and memory
- 3. Activity 1 What to Read? 1. What you need to read 2. What you are interested in 3. One level above your comfort zone 4. Suit your language level 5. Follow (online) recommendations nagaRAJU
- 4. Mute devices Enough light Comfortable spot Plan short breaks Set duration / task Organize (probable needs) When to Read? • Ennoblement – schedule time • Give yourself enough time • Entertainment – any time nagaRAJU
- 5. How to Read? Scan to locate key terms Skim to gain a general idea Active reading Before - Predict for sustained interest While - Underline / highlight main points While - Question / analyze / infer / visualize While - Make notes After - Paraphrase / interpret / connect / empathize Speed reading - don’t vocalize nagaRAJU
- 6. Cloning gained notoriety in the mid-1990s. The procedure was first used to create Dolly, a cloned sheep in England in 1996. This cloning procedure sparked much debate about science, ethics, and medicine. Since the time that Dolly was cloned, many different animals have been cloned, including cows, pigs, goats, and horses. There are two main procedures for cloning animals. These are called embryo splitting and nucleus transplantation. Both processes involve the female egg or embryo cells. During embryo splitting, an embryo of one organism is physically split into two separate individuals. Both of these individuals are genetically identical to one another. During nucleus transplantation, the nucleus of the recipient individual’s ovum or egg cell is removed. It is replaced with genetic material from another individual. Activity 2 nagaRAJU How to Read?
- 7. Interesting Fact Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at an Elingsh uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is that the frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by istlef but the wrod as a wlohe. nagaRAJU Activity 3
- 9. Hearing vs Listening nagaRAJU “Hearing is through ears, but listening is through the mind.” Hearing is when you experience the sound waves and noise by ears, but listening is when you receive the sound waves and understand by paying full attention to the speaker. Hearing is an ability, listening is a skill. Hearing is physiological and listening is psychological. Hearing is a passive bodily process at the subconscious level, but listening is an active mental process at the conscious level. Hearing does not require concentration; listening requires focus. Activity 1
- 10. Build harmonious relationships Respect and understand the speaker Improve knowledge Duck misunderstanding Get new perspectives Extract essential information Why Listen? nagaRAJU
- 11. What to Listen to? Real life dialogue Audio Visuals Demos / models iPods / Podcasts Online resources (TED, YouTube) nagaRAJU
- 12. How to Listen? • Listen for feelings • Empathize • Be open to new ideas • Avoid premature judgments • Schedule daily time • Monologue vs dialogue • Take notes / record on mobile nagaRAJU • Discover what interests you • Be relaxed • Be attentive - focus • Ask for repetition, clarification • Rephrase / summarize • Analyze / evaluate • Avoid distractions Partner A Partner B Activity 2
- 13. www.breakingnewsenglish.com nagaRAJU Help may be here if you want to keep the wrinkles and grey hair away and slow down the aging process. New research says that eating green vegetables can delay the signs of aging. Researchers say that broccoli and avocado in particular have a compound that slows down the rate we age at. It is also in green fruit and is called NMN. It helps slow down the signs of getting old. Scientists say NMN can also refresh the metabolism. It helps restore levels of energy production in our body that weaken as we age. It also helps reduce weight gain and the worsening of our vision. The research is from the USA's Washington University School of Medicine. Professor Shinichiro Imai said: "We have shown a way to slow the physiological decline that we see in aging mice. This means older mice have metabolism and energy levels resembling that of younger mice." Professor Imai said NMN reduced the usual signs of aging. These include weaker muscles, poor liver function, lower bone density and poorer eyesight. The reason our metabolism changes over time and leads to reduced energy levels has been a puzzle for decades. This latest research casts new light on this. Online Resources
- 15. What do we write? brief notes CVs or resumes concise summaries plans, strategies press releases descriptive reports research articles literary works nagaRAJU
- 16. Key factors nagaRAJU Unity (a single purpose) Coherence (logical organization) Support (evidence, details, facts) Language (spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, grammar)
- 17. Writing Steps Identify the thrust area Be realistic about the objective Know your readers Research / gather data Choose right format Plan structure Introduction Main point 1 Main point 2 Main point 3 Conclusion nagaRAJU Attention grabber Current scenario Reasons in favor Reasons against Your position / stand Examples / reasons Rough draft Edit Final draft
- 18. nagaRAJU Write a short essay 1. Gather ideas 2. Outline 3. Draft 4. Edit a. Unity b. Cohesion c. Support d. Language I. Spelling II. Punctuation III. Vocabulary IV. Grammar V. Variety 5. Publish
- 19. Editing Tips Be ruthless Accurate spelling, grammar Avoid excessively long sentences Use simple words, structures Eliminate unnecessary words Use punctuation to aid sense Use paragraphs as logical units Use signposts nagaRAJU
- 20. Common Errors nagaRAJU 1. I was passed the competitive examination. 2. It is my pleasure to meet you. 3. I couldn’t able to finish the work in time. 4. I look forward to see you at the college. 5. Thanks your letter. 6. Please to give my regard to your father. 7. I am interesting your products. 8. When I will reach the college, I will call you. 9. We must to inform you that you need to upgrade your skills. 10. Your’s sinserely, 11. These exam question is very difficult to answer. 12. He is exciting about the opportunity to study abroad. 13. Its difficult to finish the class before 11. 14. Many student’s have not come yet. 15. The Principal has not come to the college today. 16. Myself finished the entire homework. 17. You could of finished it without much effort. 18. Two of the bottles have lose caps. 19. The college has decided to dispose off the unused furniture. 20. “Students” should maintain absolute silence.
- 21. Common Errors nagaRAJU 1. I was passed the competitive examination. 2. It is my It’s a pleasure to meet meeting you. 3. I couldn’t able to finish the work in time. 4. I look forward to see seeing you at the college. 5. Thanks for your letter. 6. Please to give my regard regards to your father. 7. I am interesting interested in your products. 8. When I will reach the college, I will call you. 9. We must to inform you that you need to upgrade your skills. 10. Your’s Yours sinserely sincerely, 11. These exam question is questions are very difficult to answer. 12. He is exciting excited about the opportunity to study abroad. 13. Its It’s difficult to finish the class before 11. 14. Many student’s students have not come yet. 15. The Principal principal has not come to the college today. 16. Myself I have finished the entire homework. 17. You could of have finished it without much effort. 18. Two of the bottles have lose loose caps. 19. The college has decided to dispose off of the unused furniture. 20. “Students” Students should maintain absolute silence.
- 22. Tips to improve Read and dissect diverse material (attention to structure, word choice and material flow) Keep writing to gain confidence (practice makes it perfect) Find a writing / editing partner (get constructive feedback) Imitate writers you admire (imitation is not plagiarism) Be realistic with your expectations nagaRAJU
- 23. nagaRAJU Send your comments to lionnagaraju@gmail.com This slideshow is available at www.authorstream.com/lionnagaraju www.slideshare.net/lionnagaraju
Editor's Notes
- #6: Skimming Titles, Subheadings, Words in bold, in italics or underlined, Focus on information words, Diagrams, A report’s abstract, introduction or conclusion, The first sentence of every paragraph, Chapter objectives / questions / summaries
- #7: Scanning When was the first cloning procedure used? What is the name of the first cloned animal? What are some of the animals that have been cloned? How many procedures are there to clone animals? Skimming What is the second paragraph about? Active reading What do you think will be discussed in the next paragraph? What do you think are the long term consequences of cloning on mankind?
- #13: Pair work. Make notes first Listen to each other.
- #17: Unity. In good academic writing, all the elements work together—are unified—to achieve a single purpose. The writer carefully chooses and organizes all of his or her information in order to make one point. 2. Coherence. Good academic writing is well organized. The writer follows a clear, logical plan that can be easily understood by the reader. 3.Support. Good academic writing offers convincing evidence to support ideas. For convincing evidence, the writer uses specific details, examples, and facts to support his or her main point. 4. Strong sentence skills. Good academic writing follows the standard rules of grammar and punctuation. The writer demonstrates control over the language and uses a wide range of vocabulary.