Real-time soultion
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This document discusses real-time solutions in Linux. It explains that real-time systems focus on determinism, ensuring events and timing are known. There are several approaches to real-time Linux, including dual kernel systems like RTLinux that run a real-time kernel alongside Linux, and PREEMPT_RT kernels that modify Linux for lower latencies. Popular dual kernel options are RTAI and Xenomai, which provide real-time cores on top of Linux. RTAI focuses on x86 while Xenomai aims to facilitate porting and supports multiple personality "skins". The document provides references for further information on these real-time Linux solutions.
![Real-time?
Real-time might, as the name implies, sometimes also be about timeliness (fast), but in
my humble opinion it's usually about determinism.
To be precise about event- and temporal determinism (event determinism
meaning that you know the state of the outputs with a given set of inputs; temporal
determinism meaning that you also know exactly the timing).
Coming back to real-time versus real fast - In case of an aircraft navigation
system deadlines are in the tens of milliseconds, while for an airline reservation system
the deadlines are at about 15 seconds.
The latter must be deterministic just like the former one, but does not need to
be so fast.
After thirty years of research there is still no universal methodology to create
real-time systems and that's why in real life real-time is defined as follows:”A real-time
system will pass a specified test suite.[2]” Let's stick to those wise words of Paul E.
McKenny for the time being.
From Getting real (time) about embedded GNU/Linux](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcncreading2b-131216061730-phpapp01/85/Real-time-soultion-2-320.jpg)
Real-time soultion
- 1. Real-time solution in Linux DMP Electronics Inc. intern 陳伯綸
- 2. Real-time? Real-time might, as the name implies, sometimes also be about timeliness (fast), but in my humble opinion it's usually about determinism. To be precise about event- and temporal determinism (event determinism meaning that you know the state of the outputs with a given set of inputs; temporal determinism meaning that you also know exactly the timing). Coming back to real-time versus real fast - In case of an aircraft navigation system deadlines are in the tens of milliseconds, while for an airline reservation system the deadlines are at about 15 seconds. The latter must be deterministic just like the former one, but does not need to be so fast. After thirty years of research there is still no universal methodology to create real-time systems and that's why in real life real-time is defined as follows:”A real-time system will pass a specified test suite.[2]” Let's stick to those wise words of Paul E. McKenny for the time being. From Getting real (time) about embedded GNU/Linux
- 4. Linux Kernel latency component
- 5. Solution • Dual kernel (Linux Realtime extensions ) o RTLinux o RTAI o Xenomai • PREEMPT_RT kernel
- 6. Dual kernel task RT task task RT task Linux Kernel idle task RT kernel task
- 7. RTLinux • First real-time extension for Linux • It was developed by Victor Yodaiken, Michael Barabanov, Cort Dougan and others at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology • patent covering： o US-Patents 5,995,74 owned by FSMlabs
- 8. ADEOS
- 9. RTAI & Xenomai • The Xenomai project was launched in August 2001. In 2003 it merged with the Real-Time Application Interface (RTAI) project to produce a production-grade real-time free software platform for GNU/Linux called RTAI/fusion, on top of Xenomai's abstract real-time operating system (RTOS) core. Eventually, the RTAI/fusion effort became independent from RTAI in 2005 as the Xenomai project • RTAI o Like Linux itself the RTAI software is a community effort. o Only really actively maintained on x86 o May offer slightly better latencies than Xenomai • Xenomai o Initial goals: facilitate the porting of programs to GNU / Linux. o Any number of RTOS personalities called “skins” can then be built over the nucleus, providing their own specific interface to the applications, by using the services of a single generic core to implement it
- 11. Linux kernel
- 12. Linux kernel
- 13. Linux kernel context switch User Kernel No context switch Set flag
- 15. Reference • Getting real (time) about embedded GNU/Linux http://www.embedded.com/design/embedded/4204740/Gettingreal--time--about-embedded-GNU-Linux http://blog.linux.org.tw/~jserv/archives/2011/02/_realtime_gnuli.html • Embedded Linux system development course http://free-electrons.com/doc/training/embedded-linux/slides.pdf • RT nanokernel for Embedded Linux http://people.debian.org.tw/~jserv/RT-nanokernel.pdf • 共同筆記 - 作業系統設計與實做 http://cs001.cs.ccu.edu.tw/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%81 • RTAI - Real Time Application Interface Official Website https://www.rtai.org/ • Xenomai: Real-Time Framework for Linux http://www.xenomai.org/
- 16. Thanks for your listening