Reborn Digital: coding text
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The document discusses digital text coding and initiatives at the Bodleian Libraries, highlighting various forms of digital texts and their affordances, such as metadata and OCR. It provides an overview of the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership (EEBO-TCP) as a case study, detailing its scale and scope of digital texts. The document concludes with a reflection on the future of digital texts and the importance of community practices in encoding historical text.
![Early English Print in the HathiTrust
Bodleian Libraries
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
KevinPage&PipWillcox
Anon.Atrueandperfectdescriptionofthestrangeandwonderfulshe-elephant,sentfromtheIndies,whicharrivedat
London,August1.1683.Withthetrueportraictureofthatwonderinnature(London:1683).Ashm.H24[42].Image:
BodleianLibraries.
Coryate,Thomas,ThomasCoriate traueller fortheEnglish vvits: greeting FromthecourtoftheGreatMogul,
residentatthe towne ofAsmere,in easterne India(London:1616).ViaEEBO—http://gateway.proquest.com/
openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:image:9182
Anon,Afullandtruerelationofthe elephantthat is brought overintoEnglandfromtheIndies,and landed at
London,August3d.1675. Giving likewiseatrueaccountofthewonderful
nature, understanding, breeding, taking andtaming of elephants(London,1675).ViaEEBO:http://
gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:image:184581.
TerhiNurmikko-Fuller](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/reborn-digital-coding-text-150323043718-conversion-gate01/85/Reborn-Digital-coding-text-24-320.jpg)
Reborn Digital: coding text
- 1. Reborn Digital: coding text Pip Willcox Curator of Digital Special Collections Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford @pipwillcox Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD COST Digital Humanities Conference: Reassembling the Republic of Letters 22–23 March 2015, University of Oxford http://www.slideshare.net/PipWillcox/reborn-digital-coding-text
- 2. Republics of Letters Quod feliciter vortat academici Oxoniens bibliothecam hanc vobis reipublicaeque literatorum T.B.P. Thomas Bodley has built this library for you and for the Republic of the Letters. May the gift turn out well. Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Photo:PipWillcox
- 3. The many forms of digital text • Metadata — Early Modern Letters Online • Image — Early English Books Online (EEBO) • Optical Character Recognition (OCR) — Google Books • Handwritten Character Recognition (HCR) — Transcribe Bentham • Transcribed — EEBO Text Creation Partnership (EEBO-TCP) • Encoded — Shakespeare QuartosArchive • Edited — Digital Renaissance Editions • Digital print — Oxford Scholarly Editions Online Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
- 4. The many forms of digital text Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Publisher-led editions • Library-led editions • Academic-led editions • Social editions
- 5. The many forms of digital text Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Publisher-led editions • Library-led editions • Academic-led editions • Social editions •Licensedforreuse •Freelyavailable •Subscription •Private
- 6. The many forms of digital text Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • 25 •Licensedforreuse •Freelyavailable •Subscription •Private •D iscoverable •C itable •Reusable •Sustainable
- 7. The many forms of digital text Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • 25 •Licensedforreuse •Freelyavailable •Subscription •Private •D iscoverable •C itable •Reusable •Sustainable • Provenance • Conditions of re-use • Editorial principles
- 8. Affordances of digital text Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Read it — dissemination, preservation • Free text search • Distant reading • At scale • Automated tagging, e.g. linguistic, geographic Photo:Pip W illcox
- 9. Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Affordances of hand-encoded text • First pick your Extensible Markup Language (XML): • Resource Description Framework (RDF) • Encoded Archival Description (EAD) • Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) • …anything to separate your data from your interface
- 10. Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Affordances of hand-encoded text • First pick your Extensible Markup Language (XML): • Resource Description Framework (RDF) • Encoded Archival Description (EAD) • Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) • …anything to separate your data from your interface
- 11. Affordances of XML Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Machine-readable and human-readable(ish) • Interoperable open standard (W3C) • Extensible semantic markup
- 12. Affordances of XML Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Machine-readable and human-readable(ish) • Interoperable open standard (W3C) • Extensible semantic markup • Not always the answer • Not an end in itself: a research/ publication tool • Hierarchical structure
- 13. Affordances of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • An XML international standard • A set of Guidelines • For encoding historical text • A community of practice: • conference, mailing list, journal, wiki, SourceForge, toolchain • Future-proof
- 14. Affordances of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • An XML international standard • A set of Guidelines • For encoding historical text • A community of practice: • conference, mailing list, journal, wiki, SourceForge, toolchain • Future-proof(ish)
- 15. “Future-proof” Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD http://hqdesktop.net/wallpapers/l/1440x900/44/twitter_advertisement_website_portuguese_skype_old_fashion_1440x900_43938.jpg
- 16. A case study: EEBO-TCP Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership: books in the Short Title Catalogue • Scale: • c.130,000 metadata records and image sets • TCP Phase I: c.25,000 digital texts • TCP Phase II: c. 40,000 digital texts (and counting) • Scope: searchable, readable, marked-up, digital, full texts
- 17. A case study: EEBO-TCP Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership: books in the Short Title Catalogue • Scale: • c.130,000 metadata records and image sets • TCP Phase I: c.25,000 digital texts: available! • TCP Phase II: c. 40,000 digital texts (and counting) • Scope: searchable, readable, marked-up, digital, full texts
- 18. A case study: EEBO-TCP Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl? ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:image:98209
- 19. A case study: EEBO-TCP Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl? ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:image:98209
- 20. A case study: EEBO-TCP Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl? ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:image:98209
- 21. A case study: EEBO-TCP Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Some things we mark up: • Textual divisions, with descriptions • Opening material, e.g. arguments, salutes • Closing material, e.g. signatures, dates • Letters, lists and tables • Speakers, speeches, stage directions, quotations • Textual notes
- 22. A case study: EEBO-TCP Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • …and some things we don’t: • Non-Roman alphabets • Music • Complex mathematical material • Illegible characters • Manuscript • Damaged or missing material
- 23. EEBO-TCP: a buildable resource Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Distant reading — Duhaime and Zimmer, DocuScope, AdornMorph Close reading — Verse Miscellanies Online, Digital Anthology of Early English Drama, Forms Online Renaissance to Modern
- 24. Early English Print in the HathiTrust Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD KevinPage&PipWillcox Anon.Atrueandperfectdescriptionofthestrangeandwonderfulshe-elephant,sentfromtheIndies,whicharrivedat London,August1.1683.Withthetrueportraictureofthatwonderinnature(London:1683).Ashm.H24[42].Image: BodleianLibraries. Coryate,Thomas,ThomasCoriate traueller fortheEnglish vvits: greeting FromthecourtoftheGreatMogul, residentatthe towne ofAsmere,in easterne India(London:1616).ViaEEBO—http://gateway.proquest.com/ openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:image:9182 Anon,Afullandtruerelationofthe elephantthat is brought overintoEnglandfromtheIndies,and landed at London,August3d.1675. Giving likewiseatrueaccountofthewonderful nature, understanding, breeding, taking andtaming of elephants(London,1675).ViaEEBO:http:// gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_id=xri:eebo&rft_id=xri:eebo:image:184581. TerhiNurmikko-Fuller
- 25. A case study: SQA Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • The origins: pre-1642 quartos from JISC/NEH Transatlantic Digitization Collaboration Grant http://quartos.org/
- 26. A case study: SQA Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Bodleian, Arch. G d.41
- 27. A case study: SQA Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Bodleian, Arch. G d.41
- 28. A case study: SQA Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Folger, STC 22279, copy 5
- 29. A case study: SQA Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Folger, STC 22279, copy 5 <l>With all my imperfections on my head.</l> <l><add place=“margin-left” hand=“#af” type=“intervention” resp=“#fol”>Ham</add>Oh horrible, O horrible, most horrible,</l> <l>If thou hast nature in thee beare it not,</l>
- 30. A case study: SQA Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Folger, STC 22279, copy 5 <l>With all my imperfections on my head.</l> <l><add place=“margin-left” hand=“#af” type=“intervention” resp=“#fol”>Ham</add>Oh horrible, O horrible, most horrible,</l> <l>If thou hast nature in thee beare it not,</l> <delSpan> surrounding the original <l> <anchor> (for the <delSpan>) <addSpan> closing </sp> (speech) opening <sp> opening <speaker> with its associated attributes the line, in its entirety second closing </sp> <anchor> (for the <addSpan>) opening <sp> (to reopen the printed speech) opening <speaker> (to repeat the original speaker)
- 31. A case study: SQA Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Nobody has ever answered “yes” to “Let me show you my XML” ...except a computer HeatherFroehlich DavidDeRoure http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/
- 32. Limitations of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Time and funding • Expert editors • A learning curve • “An extended subset” • An XML international standard • A set of Guidelines • For encoding historical text • A community of practice: • conference, mailing list, journal, wiki, SourceForge, toolchain • Future-proof(ish)
- 33. The Future, or,An Invitation to Hubris Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD DavidDeRoure http://www.slideshare.net/davidderoure/future-of-scholarly-communications
- 34. The Future, or,An Invitation to Hubris Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • More connections across: texts, programs, communities… • More integration between: semantic interoperability… • More tools, more animation • Co-constitution • Heterogeneous actors, human and machine • Performative and social SusanHalfordetal: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/271033/
- 35. Find out more Bodleian Libraries UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD • Teach Yourself TEI: http://www.tei-c.org/Support/Learn/tutorials.xml • TEI Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is coming • TEI Conference, 28—31 October 2015, Lyon, France: Text Encoding Initiative: connect, animate, innovate