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Redis — The AK-47 of Post-relational Databases

Karel Minarik, profile picture
Karel Minarik

Redis is described as the "AK-47 of post-relational databases" due to its simplicity, reliability, and versatility. It provides data structures like strings, lists, sets, sorted sets and hashes that allow for features like caching, sessions, pub/sub, and more. Operations are fast due to operating entirely in memory. Redis is simple to install, learn, and use for a wide range of common data services and aggregation tasks.

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Redis — The AK-47 Of Post-relational Databases Karel Minařík
Karel Minařík → Independent web designer and developer → Ruby, Rails, Git, CouchDB propagandista in .cz → Previously: Flash Developer; Art Director; Information Architect;… (see LinkedIn) → @karmiq at Twitter → karmi.cz Redis
Redis — The AK-47 of Post-relational Databases
WEAPON DESIGN AK-47 Designed at the end of WWII by Mikhail Kalashnikov Assault Rifle, not a “submachine gun” Simple design Designed for mass production & low-quality manufacturing Extreme reliability, at the cost of accuracy Redis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6c3DLlM9KA#t=8m32s Redis
Reliability Redis
Redis — The AK-47 of Post-relational Databases
SIMPLICITY The Redis Manifesto We're against complexity. We believe designing systems is a fight against complexity. Most of the time the best way to fight complexity is by not creating it at all. http://antirez.com/post/redis-manifesto.html Redis
SIMPLICITY Redis and NoSQL What's wrong with RDBMS when used for (many) tasks that don't need all this complexity? The data model: non scalable, time complexity hard to predict, and can't model many common problems well enough. http://antirez.com/post/MongoDB-and-Redis.html Redis
Assault rifles as the crucial invention for new rules of warfare: fighting in shorter distances and shooting while on the run. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1KBsqvKpXk#t=7m50s Redis
Memory is the new disk. Disk is the new tape. — Jim Gray http://www.infoq.com/news/2008/06/ram-is-disk http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gray/talks/Flash_is_Good.ppt Redis
Redis: Main Features Redis
Simplicity Speed Predictability Versatility Reliability Low Footprint
SIMPLICITY Installation git  clone  http://github.com/antirez/redis cd  redis make ./src/redis-­‐server ./src/redis-­‐cli Redis
SIMPLICITY The Zen of Redis (...) what Redis provides are data structures (...) http://antirez.com/post/MongoDB-and-Redis.html#c1537 Redis
REDIS Data Structures Strings Lists Sets Sorted Sets Hashes Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Strings SET  key  "value"  ~  4  billion  of  keys GET  key =>  "value" DEL  key Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Fetch multiple keys at once SET  key1  "value1" SET  key2  "value2" MGET  key1  key2 =>  "value1" =>  "value2" Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Expiration EXPIRE  key  5 GET  key =>  "value" TTL  key =>  1 GET  key =>  (nil) Redis
Usage Cache http://antirez.com/post/redis-as-LRU-cache.html Sessions https://github.com/mattmatt/redis-session-store Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Atomic Increments GET  key =>  nil INCR  key =>  1 INCR  key =>  2 GET  key =>  2 Redis
Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) $  curl  http://example.com/downloads/file1.mpg INCR  downloads:total INCR  downloads:total:today INCR  downloads:total:2011-­‐05-­‐10 INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:total INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:today INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:2011-­‐05-­‐10 Redis
Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  Total  downloads  for  server,  all  time GET  downloads:total #  Total  downloads  for  server,  today GET  downloads:total:today #  Total  downloads  for  file GET  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:total #  Total  downloads  for  file  today INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:today ... Redis
Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  Expire  at  2011-­‐05-­‐10  23:59:59 EXPIREAT  downloads:total:today  1305064799 All this runs at super-sonic speed, with minimal overhead and resource consumption. See implementation for Rubygems.org: https://gist.github.com/296921 However, you'll hit denormalization bloat once you start adding metrics (eg. downloads per country, per category, …) Redis
Usage Variations: Rate limiting $  curl  http://api.example.com/list.json INCR  api:<TOKEN>:hits =>  1 if INCR('api:abc123:hits') > LIMIT return 420 Enhance Your Calm end #  Every  hour... DEL  api:<TOKEN>:hits Redis
Usage Generating unique IDs INCR  global:users_ids =>  1 SET  users:1:username  "john" INCR  global:users_ids =>  2 SET  users:2:username  "mary" Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Lists LPUSH  key  1 RPOP  key =>  1 =>  "1" LPUSH  key  2 LRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 =>  2 =>  "3" LPUSH  key  3 =>  "2" =>  3 LLEN  key LRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 =>  2 =>  "3" LTRIM  key  0  1 =>  "2" =>  OK =>  "1" Redis
Usage Indexes (list of comments, ...) LPUSH  article:comments  <ID> Timelines (of all sorts: messages, logs, …) LPUSH  user:<ID>:inbox  "message  from  Alice" LPUSH  user:<ID>:inbox  "message  from  Bob" #  Limit  the  messages  to  100 LTRIM  user:<ID>:inbox  0  99 #  Get  last  10  messages LRANGE  user:<ID>:inbox  0  9 #  Get  next  10  messages LRANGE  user:<ID>:inbox  10  19 Redis
Usage Queues #  Publisher RPUSH  queue  "task-­‐1" RPUSH  queue  "task-­‐2" #  Worker  (blocks  and  waits  for  tasks) BLPOP  queue  0 Redis
Usage Queues # publisher.sh for i in {1..10}; do redis-cli RPUSH "queue" "task-$i" done # worker.sh while true; do redis-cli BLPOP "queue" 0 done Demo Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Resque: Background Processing from Github RPUSH } LPOP O(1) … tens or millions of items … https://github.com/defunkt/resque/blob/v1.13.0/lib/resque.rb#L133-138 Redis
MESSAGE QUEUES RestMQ Redis
TALK ON ASYNCHRONOUS PROCESSING The Code of the Forking Paths Slides http://www.slideshare.net/karmi/the-code-of-the-forking-paths-asynchronous-processing-with-resque-and-amqp Video (in Czech) http://multimedia.vse.cz/media/Viewer/?peid=51c06c512f4645289c4e9c749dc85acc1d Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Sets SADD  key  1 SISMEMBER  key  1 =>  1 =>  "1" SADD  key  2 SISMEMBER  key  5 =>  2 =>  "0" SADD  key  3 SRANDMEMBER  key =>  3 =>  "<RAND>" SMEMBERS  key SREM  key  3 =>  "3" =>  1 =>  "1" =>  "2" Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Set Operations SADD  A  1 SADD  B  1 SADD  A  2 SADD  B  3 SMEMBERS  A SMEMBERS  B =>  "1" =>  "1" =>  "2" =>  "3" Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Set Operations [1,2] [1,3] Union SUNION  A  B =>  1 =>  2 [1,2] [1,3] =>  3 Intersection SINTER  A  B =>  1 [1,2] [1,3] Difference SDIFF  A  B =>  2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(mathematics)#Basic_operations Redis
Usage Ad serving SADD  ads:cars      "Check  out  Toyota!" SADD  ads:cars      "Check  out  Ford!" ... SADD  ads:movies  "Check  out  Winter's  Bone!" ... SRANDMEMBER  ads:cars SRANDMEMBER  ads:movies Note: Time complexity is O(1). “Check out ODER BY RAND()!” Redis
Usage Relations (Friends/followers) SADD  users:A:follows  B SADD  users:B:follows  C SADD  users:B:follows  D SADD  users:C:follows  A SADD  users:C:follows  D Redis
Usage Relations (Friends/followers) # Joint network of A and B SUNION  users:A:follows  users:B:follows 1)  "C" 2)  "D" 3)  "B" Redis
Usage Relations (Friends/followers) #  Common  for  A  and  B SINTER  users:A:follows  users:B:follows [] #  Common  for  B  and  C SINTER  users:B:follows  users:C:follows 1)  "D" #  Unique  to  B  compared  to  C SDIFF  users:B:follows  users:C:follows 1)  "C" Redis
Usage Relations (Friends/followers) #  Whom  I  follow... SADD  friends  A SMEMBERS  friends SADD  friends  B 1)  "A" 2)  "B" #  Who  follows  me... SADD  followers  B SMEMBERS  followers SADD  followers  C 1)  "C" 2)  "B" Redis
Usage Relations (Friends/followers) #  Mutual  relationships SINTER  friends  followers 1)  "B" #  Who  does  not  follow  me  back? SDIFF  friends  followers 1)  "A" #  Who  am  I  not  following  back? SDIFF  followers  friends 1)  "C" Redis
Mining the Social Web Analyzing Data from Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Other Social Media Sites Matthew A. Russell http://books.google.com/books?id=SYM1lrQdrdsC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA94 http://oreilly.com/catalog/0636920010203 Redis
Usage Relations (Article tags/categories) SADD  tags:ruby  article-­‐1 SADD  tags:java  article-­‐2 SADD  tags:web    article-­‐1 SADD  tags:web    article-­‐2 Redis
Usage Relations (Article tags/categories) #  ruby  OR  java SUNION  tags:ruby  tags:java 1)  "article-­‐2" 2)  "article-­‐1" #  ruby  AND  java SINTER  tags:ruby  tags:java [] #  web  AND  NOT  ruby SDIFF  tags:web  tags:ruby 1)  "article-­‐2" Redis
Usage Friends Online #  My  friends SADD  friends  A SADD  friends  B SADD  friends  C #  Friend  A  connects SADD  online:fresh  A SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Who's  online  now? SINTER  friends  online [A] Redis
Usage Friends Online #  Every  minute,  rename  the  "fresh"  to  "stale"  ... RENAME  online:fresh  online:stale #  ...  and  update  the  "online"  set SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Friend  B  connects SADD  online:fresh  B SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Who's  online  now? SINTER  friends  online [A,B] Redis
Usage Friends Online #  Time  passes  ... #  Rename  the  "fresh"  to  "stale",  every  minute  ... RENAME  online:fresh  online:stale #  ...  and  update  the  "online"  set SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Who's  online  now? SINTER  friends  online [B] Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Sorted Sets ZADD  key  100  A ZREVRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 ZADD  key  10    C 1)  "A" ZADD  key  80    B 2)  "B" 3)  "C" ZRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 ZINCRBY  key  10  C 1)  "C" "20" 2)  "B" 3)  "A" Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Sorted Sets ZREVRANGE  key  0  -­‐1   ZREVRANGEBYSCORE   WITHSCORES key  100  50 1)  "A" 1)  "A" 2)  "100" 2)  "B" 3)  "B" 4)  "80" 5)  "C" 6)  "20" Redis
Usage Leaderboards #  User  A  got  10  points ZINCRBY  scores  10  A #  User  B  got  15  points ZINCRBY  scores  15  B #  User  A  got  another  10  points ZINCRBY  scores  10  A #  Display  scores ZREVRANGE  scores  0  -­‐1  WITHSCORES 1)  "A" 2)  "20" 3)  "B" 4)  "15" Redis
Usage Inverted Index #  Index  document  A ZINCRBY  index:foo  1  document-­‐A ZINCRBY  index:foo  1  document-­‐A ZINCRBY  index:bar  1  document-­‐A #  Index  document  B ZINCRBY  index:foo  1  document-­‐B ZINCRBY  index:baz  1  document-­‐B #  Search  for  token  foo,  sort  by  occurences ZREVRANGE  index:foo  0  -­‐1  WITHSCORES 1)  "document-­‐A" 2)  "2" 3)  "document-­‐B" 4)  "1" Redis
REDIS' SORTED SETS AS AN INDEX Inverted Index https://gist.github.com/928605 Redis
Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  Total  downloads  for  server,  all  time GET  downloads:total #  Total  downloads  for  server,  today Mm'kay. But I need the GET  downloads:total:today “leaderboard” of downloads! #  Total  downloads  for  file GET  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:total #  Total  downloads  for  file  today INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:today ... Redis
Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) INCR  downloads:total INCR  downloads:total:today ... Easy! #  >  Individual  files #      GET  /downloads/file1.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:total  1  /downloads/file1.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10  1  /downloads/file1.mpg #      GET  /downloads/file2.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:total  1  /downloads/file2.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10  1  /downloads/file2.mpg ... Redis
Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  10  most  downloaded,  all  the  time ZREVRANGE  downloads:files:total  0  10  WITHSCORES #  10  most  downloaded  on  2011-­‐05-­‐10 ZREVRANGE  downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10  0  10  WITHSCORES #  10  most  downloaded  between  2011-­‐05-­‐10  and  <OTHER  DATE> ZUNIONSTORE  downloads:timeline  2                          downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10                          <OTHER  DATE> ZREVRANGE  downloads:timeline  0  10  WITHSCORES https://gist.github.com/974306 Redis
REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Hashes HMSET  users:1  username  j  name  John HMSET  users:2  username  m  name  Mary HGETALL  users:1 1)  "username" 2)  "j" ... HKEYS  users:1 1)  "username" 2)  "name" HSET  users:1  score  100 HGET  users:1  score 1)  "100" Redis
Usage Structured data (Articles, users, …) HMSET  articles:1  title          "Redis  is  cool!"                                    content      "I  recently  ..."                                    published  "2011-­‐05-­‐10" HGETALL  articles:1 1)  "title" 2)  "Redis  is  cool!" 3)  "content" 4)  "I  recently  ..." 5)  "published" 6)  "2011-­‐05-­‐10" HSET  articles:1  title  "Redis  is  very  cool!" HGET  articles:1  title "Redis  is  very  cool!" Redis
Usage User Preferences (No login) #  Save  preferences  from  <FORM> HMSET  prefs:<COOKIE  HASH>  background  #ccc  color  #333 #  Keep  it  for  one  year EXPIRE  prefs:<COOKIE  HASH>  31556926 #  Retrieve  preferences HGETALL  prefs:<COOKIE  HASH> Redis
REDIS FEATURES Publish/Subscribe SUBSCRIBE    log.error PUBLISH        log.error  "ERROR" PSUBSCRIBE  log.* “AMQP” PUBLISH        log.error  "ERROR" =>  "ERROR" =>  "ERROR" PUBLISH        log.info  "INFO" =>  "INFO" Demo Redis
REDIS FEATURES Durability BGSAVE /usr/local/var/db/redis/dump.rdb BGREWRITEAOF #  redis.conf appendonly  yes http://redis.io/topics/persistence Redis
REDIS FEATURES Virtual Memory #  redis.conf vm-­‐enabled  yes Allows to work with data sets bigger then available RAM. Swaps less often used values to disk. Keys must still fit into RAM. #  Make  Redis  disk-­‐bound  database vm-­‐max-­‐memory  0 The future? Redis Diskstore (disk-bound by default, cache in between server and disk) http://redis.io/topics/virtual-memory Redis
REDIS FEATURES Replication #  slave.conf slaveof  127.0.0.1  6379 $  redis-­‐server  slave.conf The future? Redis Cluster (Dynamo-like, Distributed hash table) http://redis.io/topics/replication Redis
REDIS FEATURES Scripting (experimental) $  git  clone  https://github.com/antirez/redis  -­‐b  scripting  redis-­‐scripting $  cd  redis-­‐scripting $  make $  echo  port  7397  |  ./src/redis-­‐server  -­‐ $  ./src/redis-­‐cli SET  myscript  "return  'HELLO'" EVAL  "return  loadstring(redis('get',  KEYS[1]))()"              1  myscript =>  "HELLO" http://antirez.com/post/scripting-branch-released.html Redis
REDIS RESOURCES The Interactive Documentation PROMPT http://redis.io/commands Redis
REDIS RESOURCES Simon Willison Tutorial http://simonwillison.net/static/2010/redis-tutorial/ Redis
REDIS RESOURCES Redis Implementation Details http://pauladamsmith.com/articles/redis-under-the-hood.html Redis
REDIS RESOURCES Redis Use Cases http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/12/6/what-the-heck-are-you-actually-using-nosql-for.html Redis
REDIS RESOURCES The Original Metaphore… http://flazz.me/redis-the-ak-47-of-databases Redis
Thanks! d

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Redis — The AK-47 of Post-relational Databases

  • 1. Redis — The AK-47 Of Post-relational Databases Karel Minařík
  • 2. Karel Minařík → Independent web designer and developer → Ruby, Rails, Git, CouchDB propagandista in .cz → Previously: Flash Developer; Art Director; Information Architect;… (see LinkedIn) → @karmiq at Twitter → karmi.cz Redis
  • 4. WEAPON DESIGN AK-47 Designed at the end of WWII by Mikhail Kalashnikov Assault Rifle, not a “submachine gun” Simple design Designed for mass production & low-quality manufacturing Extreme reliability, at the cost of accuracy Redis
  • 6. Reliability Redis
  • 8. SIMPLICITY The Redis Manifesto We're against complexity. We believe designing systems is a fight against complexity. Most of the time the best way to fight complexity is by not creating it at all. http://antirez.com/post/redis-manifesto.html Redis
  • 9. SIMPLICITY Redis and NoSQL What's wrong with RDBMS when used for (many) tasks that don't need all this complexity? The data model: non scalable, time complexity hard to predict, and can't model many common problems well enough. http://antirez.com/post/MongoDB-and-Redis.html Redis
  • 10. Assault rifles as the crucial invention for new rules of warfare: fighting in shorter distances and shooting while on the run. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1KBsqvKpXk#t=7m50s Redis
  • 11. Memory is the new disk. Disk is the new tape. — Jim Gray http://www.infoq.com/news/2008/06/ram-is-disk http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gray/talks/Flash_is_Good.ppt Redis
  • 13. Simplicity Speed Predictability Versatility Reliability Low Footprint
  • 14. SIMPLICITY Installation git  clone  http://github.com/antirez/redis cd  redis make ./src/redis-­‐server ./src/redis-­‐cli Redis
  • 15. SIMPLICITY The Zen of Redis (...) what Redis provides are data structures (...) http://antirez.com/post/MongoDB-and-Redis.html#c1537 Redis
  • 17. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Strings SET  key  "value"  ~  4  billion  of  keys GET  key =>  "value" DEL  key Redis
  • 18. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Fetch multiple keys at once SET  key1  "value1" SET  key2  "value2" MGET  key1  key2 =>  "value1" =>  "value2" Redis
  • 19. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Expiration EXPIRE  key  5 GET  key =>  "value" TTL  key =>  1 GET  key =>  (nil) Redis
  • 21. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Atomic Increments GET  key =>  nil INCR  key =>  1 INCR  key =>  2 GET  key =>  2 Redis
  • 22. Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) $  curl  http://example.com/downloads/file1.mpg INCR  downloads:total INCR  downloads:total:today INCR  downloads:total:2011-­‐05-­‐10 INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:total INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:today INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:2011-­‐05-­‐10 Redis
  • 23. Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  Total  downloads  for  server,  all  time GET  downloads:total #  Total  downloads  for  server,  today GET  downloads:total:today #  Total  downloads  for  file GET  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:total #  Total  downloads  for  file  today INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:today ... Redis
  • 24. Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  Expire  at  2011-­‐05-­‐10  23:59:59 EXPIREAT  downloads:total:today  1305064799 All this runs at super-sonic speed, with minimal overhead and resource consumption. See implementation for Rubygems.org: https://gist.github.com/296921 However, you'll hit denormalization bloat once you start adding metrics (eg. downloads per country, per category, …) Redis
  • 25. Usage Variations: Rate limiting $  curl  http://api.example.com/list.json INCR  api:<TOKEN>:hits =>  1 if INCR('api:abc123:hits') > LIMIT return 420 Enhance Your Calm end #  Every  hour... DEL  api:<TOKEN>:hits Redis
  • 26. Usage Generating unique IDs INCR  global:users_ids =>  1 SET  users:1:username  "john" INCR  global:users_ids =>  2 SET  users:2:username  "mary" Redis
  • 27. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Lists LPUSH  key  1 RPOP  key =>  1 =>  "1" LPUSH  key  2 LRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 =>  2 =>  "3" LPUSH  key  3 =>  "2" =>  3 LLEN  key LRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 =>  2 =>  "3" LTRIM  key  0  1 =>  "2" =>  OK =>  "1" Redis
  • 28. Usage Indexes (list of comments, ...) LPUSH  article:comments  <ID> Timelines (of all sorts: messages, logs, …) LPUSH  user:<ID>:inbox  "message  from  Alice" LPUSH  user:<ID>:inbox  "message  from  Bob" #  Limit  the  messages  to  100 LTRIM  user:<ID>:inbox  0  99 #  Get  last  10  messages LRANGE  user:<ID>:inbox  0  9 #  Get  next  10  messages LRANGE  user:<ID>:inbox  10  19 Redis
  • 29. Usage Queues #  Publisher RPUSH  queue  "task-­‐1" RPUSH  queue  "task-­‐2" #  Worker  (blocks  and  waits  for  tasks) BLPOP  queue  0 Redis
  • 30. Usage Queues # publisher.sh for i in {1..10}; do redis-cli RPUSH "queue" "task-$i" done # worker.sh while true; do redis-cli BLPOP "queue" 0 done Demo Redis
  • 31. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Resque: Background Processing from Github RPUSH } LPOP O(1) … tens or millions of items … https://github.com/defunkt/resque/blob/v1.13.0/lib/resque.rb#L133-138 Redis
  • 33. TALK ON ASYNCHRONOUS PROCESSING The Code of the Forking Paths Slides http://www.slideshare.net/karmi/the-code-of-the-forking-paths-asynchronous-processing-with-resque-and-amqp Video (in Czech) http://multimedia.vse.cz/media/Viewer/?peid=51c06c512f4645289c4e9c749dc85acc1d Redis
  • 34. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Sets SADD  key  1 SISMEMBER  key  1 =>  1 =>  "1" SADD  key  2 SISMEMBER  key  5 =>  2 =>  "0" SADD  key  3 SRANDMEMBER  key =>  3 =>  "<RAND>" SMEMBERS  key SREM  key  3 =>  "3" =>  1 =>  "1" =>  "2" Redis
  • 35. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Set Operations SADD  A  1 SADD  B  1 SADD  A  2 SADD  B  3 SMEMBERS  A SMEMBERS  B =>  "1" =>  "1" =>  "2" =>  "3" Redis
  • 36. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Set Operations [1,2] [1,3] Union SUNION  A  B =>  1 =>  2 [1,2] [1,3] =>  3 Intersection SINTER  A  B =>  1 [1,2] [1,3] Difference SDIFF  A  B =>  2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(mathematics)#Basic_operations Redis
  • 37. Usage Ad serving SADD  ads:cars      "Check  out  Toyota!" SADD  ads:cars      "Check  out  Ford!" ... SADD  ads:movies  "Check  out  Winter's  Bone!" ... SRANDMEMBER  ads:cars SRANDMEMBER  ads:movies Note: Time complexity is O(1). “Check out ODER BY RAND()!” Redis
  • 38. Usage Relations (Friends/followers) SADD  users:A:follows  B SADD  users:B:follows  C SADD  users:B:follows  D SADD  users:C:follows  A SADD  users:C:follows  D Redis
  • 39. Usage Relations (Friends/followers) # Joint network of A and B SUNION  users:A:follows  users:B:follows 1)  "C" 2)  "D" 3)  "B" Redis
  • 40. Usage Relations (Friends/followers) #  Common  for  A  and  B SINTER  users:A:follows  users:B:follows [] #  Common  for  B  and  C SINTER  users:B:follows  users:C:follows 1)  "D" #  Unique  to  B  compared  to  C SDIFF  users:B:follows  users:C:follows 1)  "C" Redis
  • 41. Usage Relations (Friends/followers) #  Whom  I  follow... SADD  friends  A SMEMBERS  friends SADD  friends  B 1)  "A" 2)  "B" #  Who  follows  me... SADD  followers  B SMEMBERS  followers SADD  followers  C 1)  "C" 2)  "B" Redis
  • 42. Usage Relations (Friends/followers) #  Mutual  relationships SINTER  friends  followers 1)  "B" #  Who  does  not  follow  me  back? SDIFF  friends  followers 1)  "A" #  Who  am  I  not  following  back? SDIFF  followers  friends 1)  "C" Redis
  • 43. Mining the Social Web Analyzing Data from Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Other Social Media Sites Matthew A. Russell http://books.google.com/books?id=SYM1lrQdrdsC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA94 http://oreilly.com/catalog/0636920010203 Redis
  • 44. Usage Relations (Article tags/categories) SADD  tags:ruby  article-­‐1 SADD  tags:java  article-­‐2 SADD  tags:web    article-­‐1 SADD  tags:web    article-­‐2 Redis
  • 45. Usage Relations (Article tags/categories) #  ruby  OR  java SUNION  tags:ruby  tags:java 1)  "article-­‐2" 2)  "article-­‐1" #  ruby  AND  java SINTER  tags:ruby  tags:java [] #  web  AND  NOT  ruby SDIFF  tags:web  tags:ruby 1)  "article-­‐2" Redis
  • 46. Usage Friends Online #  My  friends SADD  friends  A SADD  friends  B SADD  friends  C #  Friend  A  connects SADD  online:fresh  A SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Who's  online  now? SINTER  friends  online [A] Redis
  • 47. Usage Friends Online #  Every  minute,  rename  the  "fresh"  to  "stale"  ... RENAME  online:fresh  online:stale #  ...  and  update  the  "online"  set SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Friend  B  connects SADD  online:fresh  B SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Who's  online  now? SINTER  friends  online [A,B] Redis
  • 48. Usage Friends Online #  Time  passes  ... #  Rename  the  "fresh"  to  "stale",  every  minute  ... RENAME  online:fresh  online:stale #  ...  and  update  the  "online"  set SUNIONSTORE  online  online:fresh  online:stale #  Who's  online  now? SINTER  friends  online [B] Redis
  • 49. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Sorted Sets ZADD  key  100  A ZREVRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 ZADD  key  10    C 1)  "A" ZADD  key  80    B 2)  "B" 3)  "C" ZRANGE  key  0  -­‐1 ZINCRBY  key  10  C 1)  "C" "20" 2)  "B" 3)  "A" Redis
  • 50. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Sorted Sets ZREVRANGE  key  0  -­‐1   ZREVRANGEBYSCORE   WITHSCORES key  100  50 1)  "A" 1)  "A" 2)  "100" 2)  "B" 3)  "B" 4)  "80" 5)  "C" 6)  "20" Redis
  • 51. Usage Leaderboards #  User  A  got  10  points ZINCRBY  scores  10  A #  User  B  got  15  points ZINCRBY  scores  15  B #  User  A  got  another  10  points ZINCRBY  scores  10  A #  Display  scores ZREVRANGE  scores  0  -­‐1  WITHSCORES 1)  "A" 2)  "20" 3)  "B" 4)  "15" Redis
  • 52. Usage Inverted Index #  Index  document  A ZINCRBY  index:foo  1  document-­‐A ZINCRBY  index:foo  1  document-­‐A ZINCRBY  index:bar  1  document-­‐A #  Index  document  B ZINCRBY  index:foo  1  document-­‐B ZINCRBY  index:baz  1  document-­‐B #  Search  for  token  foo,  sort  by  occurences ZREVRANGE  index:foo  0  -­‐1  WITHSCORES 1)  "document-­‐A" 2)  "2" 3)  "document-­‐B" 4)  "1" Redis
  • 53. REDIS' SORTED SETS AS AN INDEX Inverted Index https://gist.github.com/928605 Redis
  • 54. Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  Total  downloads  for  server,  all  time GET  downloads:total #  Total  downloads  for  server,  today Mm'kay. But I need the GET  downloads:total:today “leaderboard” of downloads! #  Total  downloads  for  file GET  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:total #  Total  downloads  for  file  today INCR  downloads:/downloads/file1.mpg:today ... Redis
  • 55. Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) INCR  downloads:total INCR  downloads:total:today ... Easy! #  >  Individual  files #      GET  /downloads/file1.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:total  1  /downloads/file1.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10  1  /downloads/file1.mpg #      GET  /downloads/file2.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:total  1  /downloads/file2.mpg ZINCRBY  downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10  1  /downloads/file2.mpg ... Redis
  • 56. Usage Counters (downloads, hits, votes, …) #  10  most  downloaded,  all  the  time ZREVRANGE  downloads:files:total  0  10  WITHSCORES #  10  most  downloaded  on  2011-­‐05-­‐10 ZREVRANGE  downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10  0  10  WITHSCORES #  10  most  downloaded  between  2011-­‐05-­‐10  and  <OTHER  DATE> ZUNIONSTORE  downloads:timeline  2                          downloads:files:2011-­‐05-­‐10                          <OTHER  DATE> ZREVRANGE  downloads:timeline  0  10  WITHSCORES https://gist.github.com/974306 Redis
  • 57. REDIS DATA STRUCTURES Hashes HMSET  users:1  username  j  name  John HMSET  users:2  username  m  name  Mary HGETALL  users:1 1)  "username" 2)  "j" ... HKEYS  users:1 1)  "username" 2)  "name" HSET  users:1  score  100 HGET  users:1  score 1)  "100" Redis
  • 58. Usage Structured data (Articles, users, …) HMSET  articles:1  title          "Redis  is  cool!"                                    content      "I  recently  ..."                                    published  "2011-­‐05-­‐10" HGETALL  articles:1 1)  "title" 2)  "Redis  is  cool!" 3)  "content" 4)  "I  recently  ..." 5)  "published" 6)  "2011-­‐05-­‐10" HSET  articles:1  title  "Redis  is  very  cool!" HGET  articles:1  title "Redis  is  very  cool!" Redis
  • 59. Usage User Preferences (No login) #  Save  preferences  from  <FORM> HMSET  prefs:<COOKIE  HASH>  background  #ccc  color  #333 #  Keep  it  for  one  year EXPIRE  prefs:<COOKIE  HASH>  31556926 #  Retrieve  preferences HGETALL  prefs:<COOKIE  HASH> Redis
  • 60. REDIS FEATURES Publish/Subscribe SUBSCRIBE    log.error PUBLISH        log.error  "ERROR" PSUBSCRIBE  log.* “AMQP” PUBLISH        log.error  "ERROR" =>  "ERROR" =>  "ERROR" PUBLISH        log.info  "INFO" =>  "INFO" Demo Redis
  • 62. REDIS FEATURES Virtual Memory #  redis.conf vm-­‐enabled  yes Allows to work with data sets bigger then available RAM. Swaps less often used values to disk. Keys must still fit into RAM. #  Make  Redis  disk-­‐bound  database vm-­‐max-­‐memory  0 The future? Redis Diskstore (disk-bound by default, cache in between server and disk) http://redis.io/topics/virtual-memory Redis
  • 63. REDIS FEATURES Replication #  slave.conf slaveof  127.0.0.1  6379 $  redis-­‐server  slave.conf The future? Redis Cluster (Dynamo-like, Distributed hash table) http://redis.io/topics/replication Redis
  • 64. REDIS FEATURES Scripting (experimental) $  git  clone  https://github.com/antirez/redis  -­‐b  scripting  redis-­‐scripting $  cd  redis-­‐scripting $  make $  echo  port  7397  |  ./src/redis-­‐server  -­‐ $  ./src/redis-­‐cli SET  myscript  "return  'HELLO'" EVAL  "return  loadstring(redis('get',  KEYS[1]))()"              1  myscript =>  "HELLO" http://antirez.com/post/scripting-branch-released.html Redis
  • 65. REDIS RESOURCES The Interactive Documentation PROMPT http://redis.io/commands Redis
  • 66. REDIS RESOURCES Simon Willison Tutorial http://simonwillison.net/static/2010/redis-tutorial/ Redis
  • 67. REDIS RESOURCES Redis Implementation Details http://pauladamsmith.com/articles/redis-under-the-hood.html Redis
  • 68. REDIS RESOURCES Redis Use Cases http://highscalability.com/blog/2010/12/6/what-the-heck-are-you-actually-using-nosql-for.html Redis
  • 69. REDIS RESOURCES The Original Metaphore… http://flazz.me/redis-the-ak-47-of-databases Redis