Reference in Legal Research
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The document discusses the importance of references in legal research, defining references as methods for acknowledging sources to ensure intellectual honesty and credibility. It outlines the purpose of references, prominent styles like Oxford and Harvard, and distinguishes between primary and secondary sources with guidelines for citation. The document provides detailed examples of how to cite various legal documents and resources according to established referencing practices.
Reference in Legal Research
- 1. ‘Reference’ in Legal Research PRESENTED BY ARNAB DAS Master of Laws (LL.M)
- 2. Subject Matters ? 1 What is Reference? 2 Purpose of Reference 3 Reference Style 4 Sources of Reference 5 Primary & Secondary Sources Citation
- 3. What is Reference? Reference means a method of acknowledging sources of information or ideas of others. Reference is required both for intellectual honesty and for credibility for one’s research. Reference implies indication of direct quotation of facts, figures, ideas, theories from published and unpublished works. 3
- 4. Purpose of Reference to acknowledge and give credit to sources; to prove that the author is not plagiarizing; to enable the readers to follow-up and read more on the topic discussed; to give the readers the opportunity to check references as quickly as possible; 4
- 5. There are two main types of reference style: 1. Oxford Reference Style; and 2. Harvard Reference Style 5 Reference Style (Oxford & Harvard)
- 6. 1. Oxford & Harvard Reference Style 6 In Oxford reference style, the details of the sources are given either at the bottom of the each page, called footnotes, or in a reference list at the end of research paper, called end noting. Footnotes or endnotes should be designated as 1, 2, 3, etc. In Harvard reference style, a brief citation to a source is given within the text. Its indicated by citing the name of the author, the date of publication to the relevant work. In example: Farukh, Al Abdullah (2009), Essentials of Legal Research, Palal Prokshoni
- 7. Sources of Reference 7 There are two types of sources of Reference: Primary Source: Primary sources refers to the records of the law made by the law making authority, Codes, Statutes, Cases, Rules & Regulations or decisions made by the administrative body. Secondary Sources: Secondary sources refers to the law books, journals, articles in book, periodicals, treaties, decision of the foreign courts, seminar or conference proceedings, legal dictionary, law digests, etc.)
- 8. Sources of Reference 8 How to Citation Primary Sources? 1. UN Treaty Series 2. UN Documents 3. Case Citation
- 9. Primary Sources Citation 9 1. For UN Treaty Series: the name of the treaty; the date of its adoption & enforcement; the volume number of the treaty series; the abbreviation of UN body; and the number of page(s) or article For instance, International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171 OR, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted 10 December 1948) UNGA Res 217 A(III) (UDHR) Art 5
- 10. Primary Sources Citation 10 2. United Nations (UN) Documents: UNSC Res 1373 (28 September 2001) UN Doc S/RES/1373 UNGA Res 3314 (XXIX) (14 December 1974)
- 11. Primary Sources Citation 11 3. Case Citation: the name of the parties of the case; the date that the decision was made before the court; the volume number of the law report series; the abbreviation of that report series; the abbreviation of the court in which the decision was made; and the first page or specific page of the report For instance, State vs. Mohammad Shafiqul Islam and Others (1991) 43 DLR (AD) 92 State vs. Mohammad Shafiqul Islam and Others (1991) 43 DLR (AD) 92 at 94 or 92-94
- 12. Sources of Reference 12 How to Citation Secondary Sources? 1. Book Citation 2. Journal Article Citation 3. Internet Sources Citation
- 13. Secondary Sources Citation 13 1. For Book Citation: Name of the Author/Editors; Title of the Book; No. of Edition (if there any); Name of the Publisher/Publication; Place of the Publication (only the city) Date of the Publication (only the year); and Page number/numbers For instance, Islam, Mahmudul, Constitution Law of Bangladesh, 2nd Edition, Mullick Brothers, Dhaka, 2003, p. 147
- 14. Secondary Sources Citation 14 2. For Journal Article Citation: Name of the Author; Name of the article with single quotation mark; The name of the Journal in italics; Volume number of the Journal; Date of the Publication (month & year); and Page or pages range For instance, Shahdeen Malik, ‘Law of Homicide in the Early Nineteenth Century Bengal: Changed Law and Unchanged Application’, Bangladesh Journal of Law, Vol. 2, No. 1, (1998), pp. 85-102
- 15. Secondary Sources Citation 15 3. Internet Sources Citation: Name of the Article; Web address (omitting http:// or https://); The date that the material was accessed; For instance, Law of Homicide in the Early Nineteenth Century, at www.bdlawjournal.com/article/7768, last retrieved on July 11, 2001
- 16. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENCE. HAVE A NICE MOMENT!
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