Referencing
- 1. Referencing
- 2. Referencing • The purpose of a reference list is to supply the information needed to allow a reader to find a source. • Authors appear in alphabetical order in the reference list.
- 3. Referencing • Some popular referencing methods are: • the Vancouver system • the MLA • the APA style • the Harvard system Note: there is no definitive version of the Harvard system and universities use their own varieties.
- 4. Referencing Note: It is important to check which system is used by your department but also by individual lecturers. Handbooks supplied by your subject leaders usually provide a reference guide.
- 5. Referencing Examples of the Harvard system style • The way the reference is written differs depending on the source • The order in which the referencing information appears is important • Commas and full stops are important
- 6. Textbook (1) Martin, G.N., Carlson, N.R. and Buskist, W. (2007) Psychology (3rd edn.). Harlow: Pearson Education. • Surname of author and author’s initial (this information is repeated for each of the co- authors) • Year of publication in brackets • Title of the book in italics
- 7. Textbook (2) Martin, G.N., Carlson, N.R. and Buskist, W. (2007) Psychology (3rd edn.). Harlow: Pearson Education. • Edition number in brackets if applicable (e.g. 3rd edn) • Publishing location • Publisher’s name
- 8. A text from an edited collection (1) Thomas, H.S.C. (2008). ‘Biogeographical concepts’. In J. Holden, (Ed.), Physical Geography and the Environment (2nd edn), pp. 39-64. Harlow: Pearson Education. • Surname of author of chapter and author’s initial (this information is repeated for each of the co-authors) • Year of publication in brackets • Title of chapter in quotation marks • Initial and surname of editor of book followed by (ed.)
- 9. A text from an edited collection (2) Thomas, H.S.C. (2008). ‘Biogeographical concepts’. In J. Holden, (Ed.), Physical Geography and the Environment (2nd edn), pp. 39-64. Harlow: Pearson Education. • Title of the book in italics • Edition number in brackets (if applicable) • Publishing location • Publisher’s name
- 10. Journal Article (1) Woodward-Kron, R. (2002) ‘Critical analysis versus description? Examining the relationship in successful student writing’. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 1, 121-143. • Surname of the author of the chapter and author’s initial (this information is repeated for each of the co-authors) • Year of publication in brackets • Title of the journal in quotation marks
- 11. Journal Article (2) Woodward-Kron, R. (2002) ‘Critical analysis versus description? Examining the relationship in successful student writing’. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 1, 121-143. • Title of the journal in italics • Volume number in italics • Page numbers of the article
- 12. Newspaper Article Curtis, P. (2008). ‘University entrants hit record high.’ The Guardian, 22 August, p.4. • Surname of the author and author’s initial • Year of publication in brackets • Title of the article in quotation marks • Name of the newspaper in italics • Day and month of article • Page number of the article
- 13. Website Article (1) Harnack, A. and Kleppinger, E. (2003) Online! A reference guide to using internet sources. Retreived, August 22, 2008 from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.htm • Surname of author and author’s initial (if available) (this information is repeated for each of the co-authors) • Year of publication in brackets • Title of complete work in italics
- 14. Website Article (2) Harnack, A. and Kleppinger, E. (2003) Online! A reference guide to using internet sources. Retreived, August 22, 2008 from http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.htm • Other relevant information (volume number, page numbers, etc., if available) • Full date article was accessed • URL
- 15. Encyclopedia or Dictionary Longman dictionary of contemporary English (1978) London: Longman • Title of publication • Date • Publishing location • Publisher