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What is a 'referencing' style?
Referencing styles are established systems of referencing with consistent rules. Referencing style
requirements cover the two elements of a referencing system:
a. in-text citations such as author-date citations or footnotes
b. reference lists or bibliographies.

What do I need to know about referencing styles?
There is a wide range of referencing styles, each with different origins and features. Some disciplines
have developed their own style. For example, the American Psychological Association (APA style)
was developed specifically for Psychology. Some disciplines have adopted a particular referencing
style, while other disciplines may use a range of referencing styles. It is up to students to familiarise
themselves with the referencing style requirements for each subject.
Consistency is most important. Do not mix referencing styles within one piece of writing.

Which referencing style should I use?
To find out which style to use:








check your assignment instructions or Unit Guide
ask your lecturer
consult your faculty handbook and/or style guide (such as the Q Manual for BusEco)
for information on referencing styles for Information Technology, Engineering, Science and
Medicine and for preferred referencing style by faculty go to the Monash University
Library citing and referencing website
look at samples of work from your department
look at the table on the next page for general guidance.

How do I find out more about referencing styles?
There is a wide range of resources available on referencing styles.However, you should first consult
the following Monash University resources:


Language and Learning Online an online student resource website. Here you can access
relevant tutorials and information on general aspects of academic study and writing skills in
your subject areas. There are also QuickRef sheets available with explanations and examples
of different referencing styles.



the Library website contains tutorials on referencing styles

with examples.

What if I still have problems?
If you still have problems with referencing styles consult:





faculty staff
Library staff:learning skills advisers and librarians
style manuals and writing guides (see next page)
Language and Learning Quick Reference sheets (available online).
A quick guide to referencing styles
A quick guide to referencing styles

Style name

Style
features

ACS

Author
organisation

American
Chemical
Society

General
application

Chemistry

Dodd, JS (ed) 1997, The ACS
style guide: a manual for authors
and editors, 2nd edn, ACS,
Washington DC.

Physics

Hathwell, D & Metzner, AWK
1978, Style manual for guidance
in preparation of papers, 3rd edn,
NY.
AIP style manual 1990, American
Institute of Physics, NY. Library
citing and referencing website.
Publication manual of the
American Psychological
Association 2001, 5th edn, APA,
Washington DC. Library citing
and referencing website . For
information on citing web
references in APA, see: Web
extension to American
psychological association
style

AIP
American
Institute of
Physics

Reference manual or guide

APA

Author and
date in text

Chicago

American
Psychological
Association

Psychology,
Education,
Anthropology,
and other Social
and Behavioural
Sciences

Author-date
and/or note
system

University of
Chicago Press

Humanities,
Social, Biological
and Physical
Sciences

The Chicago Manual of
Style 2003, 15th edn, The
University of Chicago Press
Chicago.

Harvard
University

Natural Sciences,
Social Sciences
and Education,
Business

Simplified version of the Chicago
style, as documented in
Anderson & Poole, Thesis and
Assignment Writing . Library
citing and referencing website
.

Institute for
Electronics &
Electrical
Engineers

Electronics,
Electrical
Engineering

Library citing and referencing
website
Style manual .

Modern

Humanities:

Gibaldi, J 2003, MLA handbook

Harvard
Author and
date in text

IEEE

MLA

Author and

,
page
number in
text

Oxford or
footnoting
system

Languages
Association of
America

Number in
text, details
in notes for
each entry

Modern
Languages,
Literature, and
other fields

Arts, History,
English,
Literature

Style manual for authors, editors
and printers 2000, 6th edn,
Canberra Ausinfo (see
'footnotes') Deakin University
website

Medicine,
Humanities

'Uniform requirements for
manuscripts submitted to
Biomedical journals', in British
Medical Journal, 6 Feb 1988,
vol.296, pp. 401-405.
Library citing and referencing
website: Vancouver style .

Vancouver
Developed at a
Number in
meeting in
text for each
Vancouver,
source
1988.

for writers of research papers,
6th edn, MLA, New York.

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Referencing guide sample from assignmentsupport.com essay writing services

  • 1. What is a 'referencing' style? Referencing styles are established systems of referencing with consistent rules. Referencing style requirements cover the two elements of a referencing system: a. in-text citations such as author-date citations or footnotes b. reference lists or bibliographies. What do I need to know about referencing styles? There is a wide range of referencing styles, each with different origins and features. Some disciplines have developed their own style. For example, the American Psychological Association (APA style) was developed specifically for Psychology. Some disciplines have adopted a particular referencing style, while other disciplines may use a range of referencing styles. It is up to students to familiarise themselves with the referencing style requirements for each subject. Consistency is most important. Do not mix referencing styles within one piece of writing. Which referencing style should I use? To find out which style to use:       check your assignment instructions or Unit Guide ask your lecturer consult your faculty handbook and/or style guide (such as the Q Manual for BusEco) for information on referencing styles for Information Technology, Engineering, Science and Medicine and for preferred referencing style by faculty go to the Monash University Library citing and referencing website look at samples of work from your department look at the table on the next page for general guidance. How do I find out more about referencing styles? There is a wide range of resources available on referencing styles.However, you should first consult the following Monash University resources:  Language and Learning Online an online student resource website. Here you can access relevant tutorials and information on general aspects of academic study and writing skills in your subject areas. There are also QuickRef sheets available with explanations and examples of different referencing styles.  the Library website contains tutorials on referencing styles with examples. What if I still have problems? If you still have problems with referencing styles consult:     faculty staff Library staff:learning skills advisers and librarians style manuals and writing guides (see next page) Language and Learning Quick Reference sheets (available online).
  • 2. A quick guide to referencing styles A quick guide to referencing styles Style name Style features ACS Author organisation American Chemical Society General application Chemistry Dodd, JS (ed) 1997, The ACS style guide: a manual for authors and editors, 2nd edn, ACS, Washington DC. Physics Hathwell, D & Metzner, AWK 1978, Style manual for guidance in preparation of papers, 3rd edn, NY. AIP style manual 1990, American Institute of Physics, NY. Library citing and referencing website. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association 2001, 5th edn, APA, Washington DC. Library citing and referencing website . For information on citing web references in APA, see: Web extension to American psychological association style AIP American Institute of Physics Reference manual or guide APA Author and date in text Chicago American Psychological Association Psychology, Education, Anthropology, and other Social and Behavioural Sciences Author-date and/or note system University of Chicago Press Humanities, Social, Biological and Physical Sciences The Chicago Manual of Style 2003, 15th edn, The University of Chicago Press Chicago. Harvard University Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Education, Business Simplified version of the Chicago style, as documented in Anderson & Poole, Thesis and Assignment Writing . Library citing and referencing website . Institute for Electronics & Electrical Engineers Electronics, Electrical Engineering Library citing and referencing website Style manual . Modern Humanities: Gibaldi, J 2003, MLA handbook Harvard Author and date in text IEEE MLA Author and ,
  • 3. page number in text Oxford or footnoting system Languages Association of America Number in text, details in notes for each entry Modern Languages, Literature, and other fields Arts, History, English, Literature Style manual for authors, editors and printers 2000, 6th edn, Canberra Ausinfo (see 'footnotes') Deakin University website Medicine, Humanities 'Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals', in British Medical Journal, 6 Feb 1988, vol.296, pp. 401-405. Library citing and referencing website: Vancouver style . Vancouver Developed at a Number in meeting in text for each Vancouver, source 1988. for writers of research papers, 6th edn, MLA, New York.