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- 1. Citing a Group or Organisation: For the first cite, the full name of the group must be used. Subsequently this can be shortened. For example: First cite: (International Citation Association, 2015) Further Cites: (Citation Association, 2015) Citing a Secondary Source: In this situation the original author and date should be stated first followed by ‘as cited in’ followed by the author and date of the secondary source. For example: Lorde (1980) as cited in Mitchell (2017) Or (Lorde, 1980, as cited in Mitchell, 2017)
- 2. Two Authors: The surname of both authors is stated with either ‘and’ or an ampersand between. For example: Mitchell and Smith (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell & Smith, 2017). Three, Four or Five Authors: For the first cite, all names should be listed: Mitchell, Smith, and Thomson (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell, Smith, & Thomson, 2017). Further cites can be shorted to the first author’s name followed by et al: Mitchell et al (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell et al, 2017). Six or More Authors: Only the first author’s surname should be stated followed by et al, see the above example.
- 3. No Authors: If the author is unknown, the first few words of the reference should be used. This is usually the title of the source. If this is the title of a book, periodical, brochure or report, is should be italicized. For example: (A guide to citation, 2017). If this is the title of an article, chapter or web page, it should be in quotation marks. For example: (“APA Citation”, 2017).
- 4. Citing Authors With Multiple Works From One Year: Works should be cited with a, b, c etc following the date. These letters are assigned within the reference list, which is sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first author. For example: (Mitchell, 2017a) Or (Mitchell, 2017b). Citing Multiple Works in One Parentheses: If these works are by the same author, the surname is stated once followed by the dates in order chronologically. For instance: Mitchell (2007, 2013, 2017) Or (Mitchell, 2007, 2013, 2017)
- 5. Reference list citations are highly variable depending on the source. How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter) in APA Format Book referencing is the most basic style; the basic format of a book reference is as follows:
- 6. Book referencing examples: Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, England: My Publisher Jones, A.F & Wang, L. (2011). Spectacular creatures: The Amazon rainforest (2nd ed.). San Jose, Costa Rica: My Publisher How to Cite an Edited Book in APA Format This reference format is very similar to the book format apart from one extra inclusion: (Ed(s)). The basic format is as follows:
- 7. Edited book example: Williams, S.T. (Ed.). (2015). Referencing: A guide to citation rules (3rd ed.). New York, NY: My Publisher How to Cite a Chapter in an Edited Book in APA Format Edited book chapter example: In the following example, B.N. Troy is the author of the chapter and S.T. Williams is the editor. Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed., pp. 50-95). New York, NY: Publishers.
- 8. • Important • For all paraphrased or summarized content the in text citation must include • The author’s last name and date of publication Jones (2006) stated the results of the study directly related with… • For all quoted material in in text citation must include author’s last name, publication year, page or paragraph number Smith (2005) stated, “the rules and regulations clearly mandate…”(p .67)
- 9. If the source you are reading include research from another source and you include that information in your paper you will cite the source by using the phrase as “As cited in….”followed by the secondary source citation