reflection of light POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
- 2. LIGHT i) Light is a form of energy which helps us to see objects. ii) When light falls on objects, it reflects the light and when the reflected light reaches our eyes then we see the objects. iii) Light travels in straight line. iv) The common phenomena of light are formation of shadows, formation of images by mirrors and lenses, bending of light by a medium, twinkling of stars, formation of rainbow etc.
- 3. Reflection of Light When light falls on a highly polished surface like a mirror most of the light is sent back into the same medium.This process is called reflection of light. Laws of reflection of light :- i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. ii) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
- 5. TYPES OF REFLECTION • Irregular or Diffused Reflection :- When light strikes a rough and dull surface, it bounces back in all directions giving rise to general illumination. It helps us to see things. • Regular or Specular Reflection :- When light reflects a smooth and shiny surface, it gets reflected in the same medium forming image of the object.
- 7. Spherical mirrors Spherical mirror is a curved mirror which is a part of a hollow sphere. Spherical mirrors are of two types. They are concave mirror and convex mirror. i) Concave mirror :- A concave mirror, or converging mirror, has a reflecting surface that bulges inward (away from the incident light). Rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection from a concave mirror meet at a point (converge) on the principal axis. ii) Convex mirror :- A convex mirror, or diverging mirror, is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges toward the light source. Rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection from a convex mirror get diverged and appear to come from a point behind the mirror.
- 9. Terms used in the study of spherical mirrors i) Center of curvature :- It is the centre of the sphere of which the mirror is a part (C). ii) Radius of curvature :- It is the radius of the sphere of which the mirror is a part (CP). iii) Pole :- It is the centre of the spherical mirror (P). iv) Principal axis :- It is the straight line passing through the centre of curvature and the pole (X-Y).
- 10. v) Principal focus :- In a concave mirror, rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection meet at a point on the principal axis called principal focus(F). In a convex mirror, rays of light parallel to the principal axis after reflection get diverged and appear to come from a point on the principal axis behind the mirror called principal focus (F). vi) Focal length :- It is the distance between the pole and principal focus (f). In a spherical mirror the radius of curvature is twice the focal length. R = 2f or f = R 2
- 12. Images formed by concave mirror a) When the object is at infinity the image is formed at the focus, it is highly diminished, real and inverted.
- 13. b) When the object is beyond C, the image is formed between C and F, it is diminished, real and inverted.
- 14. c) When the object is at C, the image is formed at C, it is same size as the object, real and inverted.
- 15. d) When the object is between C and F, the image is formed beyond C, it is enlarged, real and inverted.
- 16. e) When the object is at F, the image is formed at infinity, it is highly enlarged, real and inverted.
- 17. f) When the object is between F and P, the image is formed behind the mirror, it is enlarged, virtual and erect.
- 18. Images formed by convex mirror a) When the object is at infinity, the image is formed at F behind the mirror, it is highly diminished, virtual and erect.
- 19. b) When the object is between infinity and pole, the image is formed behind the mirror, it is diminished, virtual and erect.
- 20. Uses of spherical mirrors a) Concave mirrors • Concave mirrors are used in torches, search lights and head lights of vehicles to get parallel beams of light. • They are used as shaving mirrors to see larger image of the face. • They are used by dentists to see larger images of the teeth. • Large concave mirrors are used to concentrate sunlight to produce heat in solar furnaces.
- 22. b) Convex Mirrors Convex mirrors are used as rear-view mirrors in vehicles. Convex mirrors give erect diminished images of objects.They also have a wider field of view than plane mirrors.
- 23. New Cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors i) The object is always placed on the left of the mirror and light from the object falls from the left to the right. ii) All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the pole. iii) All distances measured to the right of the pole are taken as + ve. iv) All distances measured to the left of the pole are taken as – ve. v) The height measured upwards perpendicular to the principal axis is taken as + ve. vi) The height measured downwards perpendicular to the principal axis is taken as – ve.
- 25. Mirror formula for spherical mirrors The mirror formula for spherical mirrors is the relationship between the object distance (u), image distance (v) and focal length (f). The mirror formula is expressed as :- 1/v + 1/u = 1/f Magnification for spherical mirrors Magnification for spherical mirrors is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object. M = Height of Image/Height of Object The magnification is also related to the object distance and image distance. It is expressed as :- M = -V/U