Related standards and specifications for the smart grid Class-20
- 1. Related standards and specifications for the smart grid Presented By: Prof. (Dr.) Pravat Kumar Rout Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 1
- 2. Introduction ❖ The adverse effects of climate change as well as the achievements of sustained development require changing the present-day practice of energy production, transmission, distribution, and consumption. Developing smarter electric power grids is believed to be a key path to realizing this goal. ❖ Here, we could simply consider a Smart Grid as a hub of heterogeneous technological and policy measures that will make the future power grid more efficient, reliable, and clean. ❖ Nowadays, various Standard Developing Organizations (SDOs) and industries are working to develop Smart Grid– related standards and technologies, while governments throughout the world are gradually issuing conducive directives toward modernizing their power grids. 2
- 4. Need for micro-grid controller standard Micro-grid technology is being deployed in a number of places and for different applications and contexts and new standards are required to facilitate deployment Standards are now under development by the IEEE SA, taking into account the nature and configuration of micro-grids, which integrate Distributed Energy Resources (DER), including distributed generation and storage, and controllable loads (Demand Response) Defining generic functions between the control and power functions of micro-grid components and its controller simplifies the design, configuration and operation of micro-grids. Interoperability requirements facilitates deployment 4
- 5. Continue… Coordinated and consistent electrical interconnection standards, communication standards, and implementation guidelines are required Require standards that match the unique characteristics of the micro-grid There are few standards that apply to micro-grids as distinct, interconnected entities Ongoing IEEE and IEC standardization activities related to DER and micro-grids 5
- 6. Identifying Standards for Implementation Evaluate a standard, specification, or guideline was on whether it: Enables the transition of the legacy power grid to the Smart Grid. Has, or is expected to have, significant implementations, adoption, and use. Is supported by Users Group to ensure that it is regularly revised and improved to meet changing requirements and that there is strategy for continued relevance. Is integrated and harmonized, or there is a plan to integrate and harmonize it with complementing standards across the utility enterprise through the use of an industry architecture that documents key points of interoperability and interfaces. Enables one or more of the framework characteristics as defined by the chief characteristics of the envisioned Smart Grid 6
- 7. Benefits of Implementation of Standard for Micro-grid Controllers Facilitates acceptance of micro-grid technology in an evolving industry structure Facilitates development of related standards based products, increasing vendor population Reduces system integration costs Reduces time to deployment (helps resolve in the-field interoperability issues) Lowers technical barriers to advanced applications for micro-grids 7
- 8. RELATED INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS Currently, the IEEE 1547 IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems, IEC TS 62257 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification, and DG interconnection and power quality standards in some countries form the framework of international standards on distributed generation. Among them, the IEEE 1547 is the most widely accepted standard. The provisions pertaining to the micro-grid in these standards provide reference for the preparation of micro-grid-specific standards in the future. 8
- 9. Related IEEE standards The IEEE 1547 was officially published by the IEEE in 2003. The IEEE 1547 has been gradually expanded to a series, in order to standardize the interconnection of DRs, and reduce the costs for construction and operation of infrastructure related to renewable energy: 1: IEEE 1547.1 Standard for Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. This standard, released in 2005, specifies the design, production, commissioning, and periodic connection test of DRs to determine whether DRs are suitable for interconnection. 9
- 10. Continue… 2: IEEE 1547.2 Application Guide for IEEE 1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. This standard provides technical background and application details to support understanding of IEEE 1547. 3. IEEE 1547.3 IEEE Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems. This standard permits intentional islanding of a part of the distribution network to improve power reliability. 4: IEEE 1547.4 Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems. This guide provides alternative approaches and good practices for design, operation, and integration of DR island systems, including the ability to separate from and reconnect to the grid. 10
- 11. Continue… 5. IEEE 1547.5 Draft Technical Guidelines for Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater than 10 MVA to the Power Transmission Grid. This standard provides requirements for the design, construction, commissioning, acceptance, test, maintenance, and performance of DRs greater than 10 MVA interconnected to the transmission network. 6. IEEE 1547.6 Draft Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks. This standard provides guidance for interconnecting DRs with electric power systems distribution secondary networks. It was sponsored by the IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage. 11
- 12. Continue… 7. IEEE 1547.7 Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection. This guide gives an engineering study method for analyzing the potential impacts of DR interconnection on regional distribution systems. 8. IEEE 1547.8 Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE 1547. This standard, providing more flexible design methods and procedures, expands the use of IEEE 1547. 12
- 13. Related IEC standards The main IEC standard relevant to the micro-grid is IEC TS 62257 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification, which gives instructions on siting, equipment sizing, system design, and management of rural electrification projects. It applies to renewable energy and hybrid systems with AC voltage below 500 V and DC voltage below 50 V. It consists of the following nine sub-standards: 1. IEC TS 62257-1-2003 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 1: General Introduction to Rural Electrification. 2. IEC TS 62257-2-2004 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 2: From Requirements to a Range of Electrification Systems 13
- 14. Continue… 3. IEC TS 62257-3-2004 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 3: Project Development and Management 4. IEC TS 62257-4-2005 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 4: System Selection and Design 5. IEC TS 62257-5-2005 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 5: Protection Against Electrical Hazards 6. IEC TS 62257-6-2005 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 6: Acceptance, Operation, Maintenance and Replacement 14
- 15. Continue… 7. IEC TS 62257-7-2008 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 7: Generators 8. IEC TS 62257-8-1-2007 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 8-1: Selection of Batteries and Battery Management Systems for Standalone Electrification Systems-Specific Case of Automotive Flooded Lead-acid Batteries Available in Developing Countries 9. IEC TS 62257-9-1-2008 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification-Part 9-1: Micro-power Systems; IEC TS 62257- 9-2-2008 Recommendations for Small Renewable Energy and Hybrid Systems for Rural Electrification- Part 9-2: Micro-grids 15
- 16. An Overview of Smart Grid-Related Organizations: Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) British Standard Institution (BSI) European Committee for Standardization (CEN) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) European Committee for Electro-technical Standardization (CENELEC) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS) 16
- 17. Technical Consortia, Forums, and Panels Dealing with the Smart Grid Wi-Fi Alliance WiMAX Forum UCA International Users Group ZigBee Alliance National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA) Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) Home-Plug Power line Alliance Home-Grid Forum (HGF) GridWise Architecture Council (GWAC) 17
- 18. Other Political, Market, and Trade Organizations, Forums, and Alliances International Energy Agency (IEA) Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) Demand Response and Smart Grid Coalition (DRSG) China Electricity Council (CEC) Global Smart Grid Federation National Institute of Science and Technology and Smart Grid Interoperability Panel 18
- 19. List of Standards for the Smart Grid Type of Standard ✓ A: Power generation ✓ B: Power consumption ✓ C: Power delivery ✓ D: Data exchange ✓ E: Security or safety ✓ F: Electric Storage 19
- 20. 20
- 21. 21
- 22. 22
- 23. 23
- 24. 24
- 25. 25
- 26. 26
- 27. 27
- 28. 28
- 29. 29
- 30. 30
- 31. 31
- 32. 32
- 33. Micro-grid Standard Systems Micro- grid Standard System Equipment Specifications Design Standards Islanded Operation Standard Grid Connected Operation Standard 33
- 34. Micro-grid Standard System Grid-connected operation standards, directly determining the impacts of connection of the micro-grid on the power grid, mainly consist of general principles, power quality, operation and control, security and protection, communication and information, general technical conditions, energy metering, and system test, as detailed below: General principles: Provide instructions on the composition, capacity, tie-line power exchange, and energy storage configuration of the micro-grid. Power quality: Set forth requirements on such indices as harmonics, degree of voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation and flicker, and injection of direct current. 34
- 35. Continue… Operation control: Set forth requirements for response speed and power change rate in grid-connected operation and islanded operation modes, and during transfer between the two modes. Security and protection: Give instructions on configuration of interface protection and internal protection of micro-grid. General technical conditions: Set forth the technical requirements on electromagnetic compatibility, lightning protection, and grounding. Energy metering: Define configuration and metering rules for energy metering devices. System test: Specify the position, time, and items of the test on grid connection of micro-grid. 35
- 36. The IEC standards related to V2G communication, EV charging system, and conductive charging36
- 37. References Sato, Takuro, Daniel M. Kammen, Bin Duan, Martin Macuha, Zhenyu Zhou, Jun Wu, Muhammad Tariq, and Solomon Abebe Asfaw. Smart grid standards: specifications, requirements, and technologies. John Wiley & Sons, 2015. 37
- 38. 38