RES701 Research Methodology Lecture6_Devaprakasam
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This document outlines the key components of a scientific paper, including the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references. It discusses the purpose and content that should be included in each section, such as providing relevant background information in the introduction and concisely summarizing the main findings and conclusions in the abstract. Guidelines are provided for writing each section effectively and ensuring the paper follows the IMRAD structure and communication of research in a clear manner.
RES701 Research Methodology Lecture6_Devaprakasam
- 1. DEVAPRAKASAM DEIVASAGAYAM Professor of Mechanical Engineering Room:11, LW, 2nd Floor School of Mechanical and Building Sciences Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, dr.devaprakasam@gmail.com RES701: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (3:0:0:3) Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 2. Parts of a Scientific paper The Title The Abstract The Introduction Methods Results(tables and figures) the Discussion Acknowledgement References Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 3. The IMRAD Structure Introduction answers “why’’ Methods answers “when, where, how, how much?’’ Results answers “what?’’ And Discussion answers “so what?” Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 4. The Title Title should catch the imaginations of the readers. A good title is defined as the fewest possible words that describe the contents of the paper. An improperly titled paper will get lost and will never be read. Informative and specific Concise Understandable Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 5. How to Prepare the Title Make a list of the most important keywords Think of a title that contains these words The title could state the conclusion of the paper Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 6. Title Page The following information needs to be on the title page: The title of your research paper First name and surname of the author(s) Affiliations, Addresses Corresponding author(s) email(s) Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 7. Abstract Abstract reflects the essence of the entire research work presented in the article. An abstract presents a brief summary of your research. The aim of the abstract is to briefly provide the reader with the most important information from the entire text. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 8. Abstract It should be written in clear and simple words, as it is the first and sometimes the only part of the manuscript read. It should provide a complete and selective summary of the most significant ideas and information Describe the methods used Summarize the results, and State the principal conclusions Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 9. Criteria of the Abstract It should not exceed 250 words It should be written in one paragraph. Long words should be followed by its abbreviation which would be used through out the abstract and paper. It should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 10. Introduction Background, Known Information Knowledge gap, Unknown Information Hypothesis, Questions, Purpose Statement Approach, Plan, Proposed solution. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 11. Introduction The first part of your research paper is your introduction. This is where you provide an introduction to the topic of your research: you give the context in terms of content of the research work. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 12. Introduction The introduction should answer the following questions: What was I studying? Why was this an important question? What did I know about this topic before I did this study? What model was I testing? and What approach did I take in this study? Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 13. AREA OF FOCUS The significance of the study will mainly focus on the question “Who will benefit from the study?”. This section will state the contribution of your study and the usefulness of your study in the society. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 14. Related Literature In this part you must get your data and information from any books, magazines, and news papers. You must label your published material with local or foreign. • 1. Must be also organized to cover specific problems. • 2. Must take all the evidences about the problem with the author’s experiences. • 3. As much as possible, get the latest published materials. Avoid old published materials. • 4. It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it. • 5. On the last part of this part you must have a statement how this old published material helps the researcher in their current study and relate it to your study. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 15. Research Questions The problem must be reflected to your title or the readers must know your problem by just simply reading your topic. The problem must not be answerable by yes or no and must be arranged in the flow of your documentation or study. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 16. Methods • Be precise, complete and concise. • Include only relevant information-no unnecessary details, anecdotes, excuses or confessions. • Detailed experimental procedures • Questions such as “how” or “how much” must be answered and not left to be puzzled over • Explains analytical techniques used Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 17. Data Analysis And Interpretation Data may be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the level of measurement and the number of dimensions and variables of the study. Analyze in depth to give meaning to the data presented in the data presented in the table. Avoid table reading. State statistical descriptions in declarative sentences, e.g. in the studies involving: Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 18. Interpretation of Data Establish interconnection between and among data Check for indicators whether hypothesis/es is/are supported or not by findings. Link the present findings with the previous literature. Use parallel observations with contemporary events to give credence presented in the introduction. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 19. Result (tables and figures) It is the core or heart of the paper It needs to be clearly and simply stated since it constitutes the new knowledge contributed to the world Summarize and illustrate the findings in an orderly and logical sequence, without interpretation Should guide the reader through the findings, stressing the major points Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 20. Tables and Figures Tables and Figures are the foundation of your story Figures and tables should stand alone and tell a complete story The reader should not need to refer back to the main text Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 21. Tips on Tables and Figures Use the fewest figures and tables needed to tell the story. Do not present the same data in both a figure and a table Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 22. Discussion It is the hardest section to write. Its primary purpose is to show the relationships among observed facts It should end with a short summary or conclusion regarding the significance of the work. State your conclusions as clearly as possible Summarize your evidence for each conclusion Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 23. Discussion Answer The Questions Asked Support Your Conclusion (Your Data, Other’s Data) Defend Your Conclusion Give The Big Picture “take Home Message’’ Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 24. Recommendations They should be based on the findings and conclusion of the study. Recommendations may be specific or general or both. They may include suggestions for further studies. They should be in non-technical language. They should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable, adaptable. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 25. References What is referencing? Referencing is a standardized way of acknowledging the sources of information and ideas that you have used in your document. A list of ALL the references used in the text must be written. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933
- 26. Reference List • Any papers not cited in the text should not be included. • Reference lists allow readers to investigate the subject in greater depth. • A reference list contains only the books, articles, and web pages etc that are cited in the text of the document. Devaprakasam D, Email: devaprakasam.d@vit.ac.in, Ph: +91 9786553933