Research Orientation- Introduction to Research

Dr. Manjunath Kotari
Professor & Head-- CSE
Alva’s Institute of Engineering &Technology, Moodbidri
Research Introduction- General
Advice

Acknowledgement
This material is based on the Research
Methodology Workshop course given by
Dr.N.Sundararajan, EEE/NTU, Singapore and I
gratefully acknowledge the same.
- Dr. Manjunath Kotari
4/9/2025
Dr. Manjunath Kottari, HOD CSE,AIET, Moodbidri
2

Research Orientation- General Advice
 What is Research?
 Why Research?
 What are types of Research?
 What are the good qualities of Research?
 Challenges of Research
 Sources of Research Problems
 Types of research papers
 Paper Structure
 Thesis Compilation
 Plagiarism
 Mistake / Misconception During Research
 ResearchTopics
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3 Dr. Manjunath Kottari, HOD CSE,AIET, Moodbidri

Basic Questions
 Which area to choose ?
 How to approach and select the guide ?
 Which institute is good ?
 How to carryout literature survey ?
 How to identify research problem ?
 What is journal paper ?
 How to understand journal paper ?
 How to obtain journal papers ?
 What is impact factor ?
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Research
 The word research derives from the French‘recherche’.
 "chercher" means "to search”, its literal meaning is “to
investigate thoroughly”
 To answer scientific questions
 To solve problems
 To make something new
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Definition of Research
 Research: a detailed study of a subject, especially in order
to discover(new) information or reach a (new)
understanding.
- Cambrigde Dictionaries Online,2018
 Research: The detailed study of something in order to
discover new facts, especially in a university or scientific
institution.
- Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 2014
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Definition [cont…]
 Research refers to a search for knowledge
 Research means a scientific and systematic
search for pertinent information on a specific
topic
 In fact, research is an art of scientific
investigation.
 The purpose of research is to discover answers
to questions through the application of scientific
procedures
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Qualities of Research
 Generalizable
 Investigates small or simple can be generalized to larger.
 Logical and Systematic
 Reasonable and understood by others
 Empirical
 Experimental
 Creative
 New solution, theory or technology
 Replicable
 Others can test the findings by repeating
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Types of Research
Scientific Research
Industrial Research
Academic Research
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Academic Research
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Challenges of Engineering Research
 Teaching Culture vs Research Culture
 Lack of ScientificTraining
 Not trained Researcher
 In sufficient interactions
 Lack of confidence
 No code of conduct
 Library management
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Research Importance
 Teaching institute to Research institute
 Career advancement / Promotion
 Assessing quality of faculty
 Recognition
 Competition
 Publish or Perish
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Origin of Ph.D.
 Teacher of philosophy (Latin)
 Universities of Europe in the middle ages (5th-15th century)
placed under the broad heading of "philosophy" ("natural
philosophy" when referring to science).
 The first Ph.D. degree was awarded in Paris in the year 1150,
but not until the early 19th century did the term "Ph.D.
degree" acquire its modern meaning as the highest academic
doctoral degree
 Prior to the 19th century professional doctoral degrees could
only be awarded in theology (ThD), law (JD), or medicine
(MD).
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The First Ph.D. in Engineering
 Josiah Willard Gibbs, who earned a doctorate in engineering
fromYale University in 1863.
 He was the first person to earn such a degree in the United
States.
 Gibbs' phase rule: F = C – P + 2
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How to Start Research?
 Select the your own research topic
 Find the qualified stuffs for your own topic
 Make a schedule for your research
 Make oral presentation
 Write a review paper
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Selection of area
 Becoming a researcher in the area
 Building up general knowledge, experience, and confidence
 Knowing issues and important questions in the area.
 Capturing research opportunities
 Don't let any idea .
 Be alert and diligent.
 Pay attention to new technologies
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Some useful things to do
 Read recent journals, and ask more senior people what were
the best papers.
 Try to figure out what makes a great paper.
 Keep a notebook that contains your research notes.
 Put all of your empirical data and initial ideas in the
notebook.
 Follow references from one paper to another until you know
an area extremely well.
 Don't count on your advisor to hand you all of the relevant
papers out of his file drawer.
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Starting Research
 Research begins with a problem.
 This problem need not be Earth-Shaking
 Identifying this problem can actually be the hardest part of
research
 In general, good research problem should:
 Address an important question
 Advance knowledge
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Research Plan
Year Proposed Research Activities Expected Visible Research Output
Year - 1
Year - 2
Year - 3
Year - 4

Sources of Research Problems
Observation
 Literature Reviews
 Professional Conferences
 Interaction with Experts
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Division of Research Work
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Types of research papers
 Literature review papers
 Experimental /Theoretical research papers
 Application oriented research papers
 Research papers for practitioners
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Leading Journal Publishers
 IEEE
 JohnWiley
 Elsevier
 Springer
 Emerald
 Inderscience
 Science Direct
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Impact Factor
 The Impact Factor is calculated by dividing the number
of citations in the JCR year by the total number of “citable
articles” published in the two previous years.
 Impact factory= (CitationsY-1+ CitationsY-2)/(PublicationsY-1+ PublicationsY-2)
 Ex:- Impact Factor of IEEE = (450 + 831)/ (1567+ 2567) = 0.31
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Research includes
• Introduction
• Problem Statements
• Objectives
• Justification/Motivation
• Background /Review of literature
• Methodology
• Time frame and work schedule/Gantt chart
• Personnel needed / available
• Facilities needed / available
• Budget
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Introduction
 The problem proposed to be studied is introduced in this
section
 It should help the reader to acquaint with the topic
 Introduction should be short about one or two
pages(depends on guide)
 The problem should be stated in such a way that it’s
importance and relevance is realized by any one who
reads it
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Objectives
• Important and pivotal section.
• Should be stated very clearly
• Specific,Achievable and Measurable.
• Too many objectives to be avoided
• Presented in the appropriate order of importance
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Background
 Reflects extensive review of literature done by the
investigator.
 Existing Systems & its Outcomes
 Make it coherent, relevant and easily readable knowledge
 Helps the investigator to gain good .
 Have insight on different methodologies that could be applied
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Methodology
 Way to systematically solve the research problem.
 It may be understood as a science of studying how
research is done scientifically
 It is essential to discuss procedures clearly and
completely with considerable amount of details
 Study design
 Study population / Sampling specifications
 Sample size needed
 Instrumentation
 Specific procedures
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Paper Structure
Title of the paper
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Literature Survey
3. Module of your research work (Experiment, Theoretical,
etc.)
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgement
Reference
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Writing Literature Review Paper
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Purpose of Literature Review
 To explore the works of others
 To look at existing relevant works in your research area
 To identify important variables from other studies
pertinent to your research
 To identify gaps, misconceptions, contradictions in the
issues relevant to your research
 To assist in developing your research design
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Introduction Vs Conclusion
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Structured Abstract
 Purpose
 Design/methodology/approach
 Findings
 Originality /Value
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Plagiarism
 Meaning
 Copying
 Close imitation
 Steal and publish others work
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Thesis Compilation
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Proof Reading
 Do not confuse reader
 Consistency
 References
 Appendix
 Verbs: Past tense / Present tense
 Research Scholar / Friends / Professional type setters
 Research Scholar / Guide / Professional proof readers
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Best Researchers will
 Be original, innovative, and imaginative,… yet know where
they want to go
 Think outside the square … yet stay squarely on target
 Be fluid and flexible… yet deliberate and methodical
 Be inspired, imaginative, and ingenious … in the
development of methods that are realistic, partial, and
doable(achievable).
 Be good listener for inputs.
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Mistake / Misconception During
Research
 Disclosing research problem to others
 Sending same paper to 2 or more journals
 Sending two papers to same journal
 Harsh reply for reviewer comments
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Frustration During Research
 Do not stop communicating with family and friends
 Meet positive attitude research scholars
 Present papers in conferences
 Take a small break
 Celebrate festivals
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Caution
 Do not let down your Guide in front of others
 Do not supersede your Guide in meetings and presentations
 Do not criticize your Guide in knowledge while discussion
 Do not imitate your Guide in front of others
 Do not always trigger your Guide to discuss your Ph.D.
problem
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Pre-Cautions
 Be punctual and honest
 Take appointment for discussing your Ph.D. problem
 If possible help your Guide in academic / non-academic
activities
 If possible join with your Guide for refreshments
 Discuss the topics other than your research
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Research avenues
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50
 Web Services
 Managing IoT-awareApplications
 Denial of Service Attacks
 Mastering theWeb Mining
 Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning
 Human Computer Interaction
 Natural Language Processing
 Ubiquitous Computing

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 Wireless and Sensor Systems
 Network Security and Privacy
 High Performance Computing
 Security issues in Distributed, Cloud and Cluster
Computing
 SemanticWeb
 Image/video processing and computer vision
 Real time system design and architecture with MPPSoc,GPU
 Application of Novel algorithm patterns
 High performance computing with CUDA(Compute
Unified Device Architecture)

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 ADORE dynamic optimization system running on Itanium and SPARC,
 Agassiz parallelizing compiler, and enhancements to the Open Resource
Compiler (ORC)
 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
 massive, high-dimensional datasets
 Graphics andVisualization
 visualization of 2-D and 3-D flow data,
 multivariate visualization,
 non-photorealistic rendering,
 volume visualization,
 point based modeling and rendering,
 physically and perceptually-based image synthesis,
 color appearance design and reproduction, and
 the investigation of perceptual issues in virtual environments.

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 High Performance Computing
 grid computing,
 parallel algorithm design,
 performance analysis, and
 sparse matrix algorithms for large-scale scientific and
engineering simulations
 Human Computer Interaction (HCI)
 developing algorithms and interfaces for handheld devices to
aid coordination in space and time, and
 in applying social science theories from economics and social
psychology to the development of communityWeb sites.

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 Theoretical Foundations
 computational learning theory,
 complexity theory,
 algorithm and data structure design,
 parallel algorithms,
 geometric computing, cryptography,
 computational logic,
 programming languages theory, and matrix computations.

Networks, Distributed Systems, and
Security
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 Authentication Challenges in a Global Environment
 Data Deduplication Schemes for Cloud Storage Systems
 Reducing DDoSAttack in Cloud using Layered Model
 Security for Cyber-Physical Systems in Healthcare
 Distributed AnomalyTraffic DetectionTechnology Based
on Hadoop Platform
 Security in IoT towards e-Health Context using
Computational Intelligence
 Framework for Runtime Monitoring Approaches

References
 Graziano, A., M., and Raulin, M.,L., Research Methods - A
Process of Inquiry, Sixth Edition, Pearson , 2007.
 P.D. Leedy and J.E.Ormrod . Practical Research Planning and
Design : 8th edition, Pearson /Merril / Prentice Hall Publishers,
2005
 2. Bordens K.S. andAbbott, B.b., Research, P.D. Leedy and
J.E.Ormrod . Practical Research Planning and Design : 8th
edition, Pearson / Merril / Prentice Hall Publishers, 2005
 2. Bordens K.S. andAbbott, B.b., Research Design and Methods,
Mc Graw Hill, 2008. Design and Methods, Mc Graw Hill, 2008.
 N.Sundararajan, Useful things to know about Research, IEEE/
NTU, Singapore
4/9/2025

Research Orientation- Introduction to Research

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