Residency programs provide advanced training for medical graduates in various specialties like internal medicine and surgery, requiring applicants to navigate a competitive application process through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). International medical graduates (IMGs) must secure an Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) certificate to qualify for U.S. residency programs, with surgical specialties typically offering the highest salaries. The U.S. medical residency programs list serves as a valuable resource for IMGs to understand program requirements and enhance their chances of matching successfully.