SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Resources of Language:
       Syntax
 Felix Garcia and Ruben Toirac
Active Voice
• In a sentence using
  active voice, the subject
  of the sentence performs
  the action expressed by
  the verb.
• Ex.
   –The child kicked the ball.
   –Sally mailed the letter.
   –They have conducted the
   experiments.
Passive Voice
• In a sentence using
  passive voice, the
  subject is being acted
  upon by the verb.
• Ex.
   –The ball was kicked by
   the child.
   –The class was taught by
   the professor.
   –Her purse was stolen.
Repetition
• The duplication, either
  exact or approximate, of a
  word, phrase, clause,
  sentence, or grammatical
  pattern.
• Ex.
   –   I'm nobody! Who are you?
      Are you nobody too?
     Then there's a pair of us-
   don't tell!
     They'd banish us you
   know.
   –   "Words, words, words."
       (Hamlet)
Anaphora
•   Repetition of the same word or
    group of words at the beginning of
    successive clauses
•   Ex.
     –   We shall fight on the beaches, we
         shall fight on the landing grounds,
         we shall fight in the fields and in
         the streets, we shall fight in the
         hills…” Churchill
     –   And needy nothing trimm'd in
         jollity,
        And purest faith unhappily
    forsworn,
        And gilded honour shamefully
    misplac'd,
        And maiden virtue rudely
    strumpeted,
Epistrophe
•   Ending a series of lines, phrases,
    clauses, or sentences with the
    same word or words.
•   Ex.
    –   What lies behind us and what
        lies before us are tiny compared
        to what lies within us." —
        Emerson
    –   Hourly joys be still upon you!
         Juno sings her blessings on
    you. [. . .]
         Scarcity and want shall shun
    you,
         Ceres' blessing so is on you.
         — Shakespeare, The
    Tempest (4.1.108-109; 116-17)
Inversion
•    Figure of speech in which a language's usual word order is
    inverted
•   Ex.
     o Sure I am of this, that you have only to endure to
        conquer. (Winston Churchill
     o Gracious she was. By gracious I mean full of graces
     o In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
        A stately pleasure dome decree
Anastrophe
• A rhetorical term for the
  inversion of the normal
  order of the parts of a
  sentence.
• Ex.
    – "Told you, I did. Reckless is
      he. Now matters are worse."
    – After great pain a formal
      feeling comes –
     The nerves sit
  ceremonious like tombs.
  Emily Dickinson
Chiasmus
•   Grammatical structure in which the
    first clause or phrase is reversed in
    the second, sometimes repeating the
    same words.
•   Ex.
     –     “And so, my fellow Americans, ask
           not what your country can
         do for you: ask what you can do
         for your country.”
          John F. Kennedy

     –     It's not the men in my life
         it's the life in my men.

     –     By day the frolic, and the dance by
           night
Asyndeton
• Deliberate omission of
  conjunctions between a
  series of related clauses
• Ex.
   – I came, I saw, I
     conquered.
   – "He was a bag of bones,
     a floppy doll, a broken
     stick, a maniac."
     (Jack Kerouac, On the
     Road, 1957)
Polysyndeton
• Deliberate use of many
  conjunctions; opposite of
  asyndeton
• Ex.
    –The meal was huge – my mother
    fixed okra and green beans and ham
    and apple pie and salad and all
    manner of fine country      food – but
    no matter how I tried, I could not
    consume it to her satisfaction.
    –“And each dark tree that ever grew,
    Is curtained out from Heaven’s wide
    blue;Nor sun, nor moon, nor wind,
    nor rain,
    Can pierce its interwoven bowers…”
Meter
   •Basic rhythmic
structure of a verse or
lines in verse
   •Described with feet
(monometer, dimeter,
trimeter, etc.)
Enjambment
    •The continuation of the sense and
therefore the grammatical construction
beyond the end of a line of verse or the
end of a couplet
    •Ex.
         –i carry your heart with me (i carry it
     in
   my heart) i am never without it (anywhere
   i go you go, my dear; and whatever is done
   by only me is your doing, my darling
         –I am not prone to weeping, as our sex
   Commonly are; the want of which vain dew
   Perchance shall dry your pities; but I have
   That honourable grief lodged here which burns
   Worse than tears drown.
Caesura
   •A rhythmic break or pause
in the flow of sound which is
commonly introduced in
about the middle of a line of
verse
   •Ex.
      –"Sing, o goddess, the rage ||
   of Achilles, the son of Peleus."
      –Know then thyself II,
   presume not God to scan;
 •    The proper study of
Mankind II is Man.
  •Plac'd on this isthmus of a middle state,
  A being darkly wise, and rudely great:
Listing
• Writing a series of words or
  phrases together, one after the
  other and in a sentence, as if it
  were a list
• Ex.
    – Apples, pears, and bananas
    – POLONIUS
      The best actors in the world,
   either for tragedy,
      comedy, history, pastoral,
   pastoral-comical,
      historical-pastoral, tragical-
   historical, tragical-
      comical-historical-pastoral,
   scene individable, or
      poem unlimited
Loose Sentence
• A type of sentence in which
  the main idea (independent
  clause) comes first,
  followed by dependent
  grammatical units such as
  phrases and clauses
• Ex.
        –I found a large hall,
    obviously a former garage,
    dimly lit, and packed with cots.
        –The wildcat looked briefly
    at the two humans, seemed to
    sneer with a raised lip, and
    stalked off back into the
    woods.

More Related Content

PPT
Resources of language whitney karow and jackie rosas
PPTX
Alliteration as a stylistic device
PDF
Advanced Writing - Session Four
PDF
Advanced Writing - Session One
PPTX
Types of choral speaking arrangement
PDF
Advanced Writing - Session Two
PPTX
Onomatopoeia and Alliteration
PPTX
Assonance
Resources of language whitney karow and jackie rosas
Alliteration as a stylistic device
Advanced Writing - Session Four
Advanced Writing - Session One
Types of choral speaking arrangement
Advanced Writing - Session Two
Onomatopoeia and Alliteration
Assonance

What's hot (6)

PPTX
Lecture 12
PPTX
Appreciative learning
PPTX
Presentation1 alliteration
DOCX
Danilyn's Word Of The Day
PPTX
Emily Dickinson- "Hope is the thing with feathers"
PPT
Poetic Conventions Display
Lecture 12
Appreciative learning
Presentation1 alliteration
Danilyn's Word Of The Day
Emily Dickinson- "Hope is the thing with feathers"
Poetic Conventions Display
Ad

Viewers also liked (7)

PPT
Casey diehl, clayton fischer, pablo olazabal
PPT
Resources of language syntax
PPT
Casey, pablo, clayton -part 2
PPT
Casey diehl, clayton fischer, pablo olazabal
PPT
Casey, pablo, clayton -part 2
PPTX
Poetic styles and forms
PPT
Philippine Literature boa
Casey diehl, clayton fischer, pablo olazabal
Resources of language syntax
Casey, pablo, clayton -part 2
Casey diehl, clayton fischer, pablo olazabal
Casey, pablo, clayton -part 2
Poetic styles and forms
Philippine Literature boa
Ad

Similar to Resources of language syntax (20)

PDF
Rhetorical Appeals Ethos, Pathos and Logos
PPT
elements_of_poetry - Copy.ppt
PDF
Figures of Speech for primary school student
PPTX
Background, Examples, and Effects of Fifteen Rhetorical Techniques
PPT
elements_of_poetry.ppt
PPT
Elements_of_poetry.ppt
PPT
elements_of_poetry.ppt
PPTX
Praise song for_my_mother
PPT
Literature Powerpoint
PPTX
All About Poetry (Elements and Types of Poetry)
PPTX
Elements of poetry
PPTX
FIGURATIVE_LANGUAGE__LITERARY_DEVICES.pptx
PPT
elements of poetry power point presentation
PPTX
Poetry pp
PPT
66&6&6&6&6&6&3&33#33#3#3#elements_of_poetry.pptx
PPT
Writing class review --Learning Station
DOC
Literary devices
PPTX
Elements of phillipine poetry
PPTX
ELEMENTS-OF-POETRY-REvccvcxcxVISED-2.pptx
PPTX
Literature
Rhetorical Appeals Ethos, Pathos and Logos
elements_of_poetry - Copy.ppt
Figures of Speech for primary school student
Background, Examples, and Effects of Fifteen Rhetorical Techniques
elements_of_poetry.ppt
Elements_of_poetry.ppt
elements_of_poetry.ppt
Praise song for_my_mother
Literature Powerpoint
All About Poetry (Elements and Types of Poetry)
Elements of poetry
FIGURATIVE_LANGUAGE__LITERARY_DEVICES.pptx
elements of poetry power point presentation
Poetry pp
66&6&6&6&6&6&3&33#33#3#3#elements_of_poetry.pptx
Writing class review --Learning Station
Literary devices
Elements of phillipine poetry
ELEMENTS-OF-POETRY-REvccvcxcxVISED-2.pptx
Literature

More from aplitper7 (14)

PPTX
Dylan & jennifer poetic structure
PPT
Resources of language whitney karow and jackie rosas
PPT
Resources of language syntax
PPTX
Presentation jenny eric emelie
PPTX
Sylvia’s and rachel’s presentation
PPT
Narrative Techniques & Other Literary Devices
PPTX
Sara pace, krista taggart
PPTX
Sound and Grammatical Devices
PPTX
Vocab
PPT
Tone Vocab
PPT
Ap Lit Vocabulary
PPTX
Figurative Language
PPTX
Sound Devices
PPTX
Lit project (Green)
Dylan & jennifer poetic structure
Resources of language whitney karow and jackie rosas
Resources of language syntax
Presentation jenny eric emelie
Sylvia’s and rachel’s presentation
Narrative Techniques & Other Literary Devices
Sara pace, krista taggart
Sound and Grammatical Devices
Vocab
Tone Vocab
Ap Lit Vocabulary
Figurative Language
Sound Devices
Lit project (Green)

Recently uploaded (20)

PDF
Video forgery: An extensive analysis of inter-and intra-frame manipulation al...
PDF
7 ChatGPT Prompts to Help You Define Your Ideal Customer Profile.pdf
PDF
Heart disease approach using modified random forest and particle swarm optimi...
PDF
Microsoft Solutions Partner Drive Digital Transformation with D365.pdf
PDF
Getting Started with Data Integration: FME Form 101
PPTX
Programs and apps: productivity, graphics, security and other tools
PDF
Univ-Connecticut-ChatGPT-Presentaion.pdf
PDF
1 - Historical Antecedents, Social Consideration.pdf
PDF
Assigned Numbers - 2025 - Bluetooth® Document
PDF
DASA ADMISSION 2024_FirstRound_FirstRank_LastRank.pdf
PDF
Enhancing emotion recognition model for a student engagement use case through...
PDF
project resource management chapter-09.pdf
PPTX
Group 1 Presentation -Planning and Decision Making .pptx
PPTX
1. Introduction to Computer Programming.pptx
PPTX
KOM of Painting work and Equipment Insulation REV00 update 25-dec.pptx
PDF
Unlocking AI with Model Context Protocol (MCP)
PDF
Building Integrated photovoltaic BIPV_UPV.pdf
PDF
Approach and Philosophy of On baking technology
PDF
Zenith AI: Advanced Artificial Intelligence
PDF
WOOl fibre morphology and structure.pdf for textiles
Video forgery: An extensive analysis of inter-and intra-frame manipulation al...
7 ChatGPT Prompts to Help You Define Your Ideal Customer Profile.pdf
Heart disease approach using modified random forest and particle swarm optimi...
Microsoft Solutions Partner Drive Digital Transformation with D365.pdf
Getting Started with Data Integration: FME Form 101
Programs and apps: productivity, graphics, security and other tools
Univ-Connecticut-ChatGPT-Presentaion.pdf
1 - Historical Antecedents, Social Consideration.pdf
Assigned Numbers - 2025 - Bluetooth® Document
DASA ADMISSION 2024_FirstRound_FirstRank_LastRank.pdf
Enhancing emotion recognition model for a student engagement use case through...
project resource management chapter-09.pdf
Group 1 Presentation -Planning and Decision Making .pptx
1. Introduction to Computer Programming.pptx
KOM of Painting work and Equipment Insulation REV00 update 25-dec.pptx
Unlocking AI with Model Context Protocol (MCP)
Building Integrated photovoltaic BIPV_UPV.pdf
Approach and Philosophy of On baking technology
Zenith AI: Advanced Artificial Intelligence
WOOl fibre morphology and structure.pdf for textiles

Resources of language syntax

  • 1. Resources of Language: Syntax Felix Garcia and Ruben Toirac
  • 2. Active Voice • In a sentence using active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed by the verb. • Ex. –The child kicked the ball. –Sally mailed the letter. –They have conducted the experiments.
  • 3. Passive Voice • In a sentence using passive voice, the subject is being acted upon by the verb. • Ex. –The ball was kicked by the child. –The class was taught by the professor. –Her purse was stolen.
  • 4. Repetition • The duplication, either exact or approximate, of a word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. • Ex. – I'm nobody! Who are you? Are you nobody too? Then there's a pair of us- don't tell! They'd banish us you know. – "Words, words, words." (Hamlet)
  • 5. Anaphora • Repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses • Ex. – We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills…” Churchill – And needy nothing trimm'd in jollity, And purest faith unhappily forsworn, And gilded honour shamefully misplac'd, And maiden virtue rudely strumpeted,
  • 6. Epistrophe • Ending a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words. • Ex. – What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny compared to what lies within us." — Emerson – Hourly joys be still upon you! Juno sings her blessings on you. [. . .] Scarcity and want shall shun you, Ceres' blessing so is on you. — Shakespeare, The Tempest (4.1.108-109; 116-17)
  • 7. Inversion • Figure of speech in which a language's usual word order is inverted • Ex. o Sure I am of this, that you have only to endure to conquer. (Winston Churchill o Gracious she was. By gracious I mean full of graces o In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure dome decree
  • 8. Anastrophe • A rhetorical term for the inversion of the normal order of the parts of a sentence. • Ex. – "Told you, I did. Reckless is he. Now matters are worse." – After great pain a formal feeling comes – The nerves sit ceremonious like tombs. Emily Dickinson
  • 9. Chiasmus • Grammatical structure in which the first clause or phrase is reversed in the second, sometimes repeating the same words. • Ex. – “And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you: ask what you can do for your country.” John F. Kennedy – It's not the men in my life it's the life in my men. – By day the frolic, and the dance by night
  • 10. Asyndeton • Deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of related clauses • Ex. – I came, I saw, I conquered. – "He was a bag of bones, a floppy doll, a broken stick, a maniac." (Jack Kerouac, On the Road, 1957)
  • 11. Polysyndeton • Deliberate use of many conjunctions; opposite of asyndeton • Ex. –The meal was huge – my mother fixed okra and green beans and ham and apple pie and salad and all manner of fine country food – but no matter how I tried, I could not consume it to her satisfaction. –“And each dark tree that ever grew, Is curtained out from Heaven’s wide blue;Nor sun, nor moon, nor wind, nor rain, Can pierce its interwoven bowers…”
  • 12. Meter •Basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse •Described with feet (monometer, dimeter, trimeter, etc.)
  • 13. Enjambment •The continuation of the sense and therefore the grammatical construction beyond the end of a line of verse or the end of a couplet •Ex. –i carry your heart with me (i carry it in my heart) i am never without it (anywhere i go you go, my dear; and whatever is done by only me is your doing, my darling –I am not prone to weeping, as our sex Commonly are; the want of which vain dew Perchance shall dry your pities; but I have That honourable grief lodged here which burns Worse than tears drown.
  • 14. Caesura •A rhythmic break or pause in the flow of sound which is commonly introduced in about the middle of a line of verse •Ex. –"Sing, o goddess, the rage || of Achilles, the son of Peleus." –Know then thyself II, presume not God to scan; • The proper study of Mankind II is Man. •Plac'd on this isthmus of a middle state, A being darkly wise, and rudely great:
  • 15. Listing • Writing a series of words or phrases together, one after the other and in a sentence, as if it were a list • Ex. – Apples, pears, and bananas – POLONIUS The best actors in the world, either for tragedy, comedy, history, pastoral, pastoral-comical, historical-pastoral, tragical- historical, tragical- comical-historical-pastoral, scene individable, or poem unlimited
  • 16. Loose Sentence • A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses • Ex. –I found a large hall, obviously a former garage, dimly lit, and packed with cots. –The wildcat looked briefly at the two humans, seemed to sneer with a raised lip, and stalked off back into the woods.

Editor's Notes

  • #2: *
  • #3: * Makes the writing more interesting and lively. Way to remember: Active= actually doing something *
  • #4: * The agent performing the action may appear in a "by the..." phrase or may be omitted. Makes the writing flat/boring. Better used with scientific writing. All passive sentences have to be verbs, but not all sentences with to be verbs are passive. Way to remember: Passive= not taking actual action; letting someone or something else act on you *
  • #5: * Anaphora is repetition but repetition isn't always anaphora. Also used for emphasis and to create rhythm. Way to remember: Repetition has root 'repeat'
  • #6: * Used to emphasize the repeated word or words as well as create a rhythm. Way to remember: A in anaphora repeats, and it starts with A, the first letter of the alphabet.
  • #7: * Used to emphasize the repeated word or words as well as create a rhythm. Way to remember: E in epistrophe repeats and it ends with E, which begins the word end.
  • #9: *
  • #10: *
  • #11: * A conjunction is a part of speech is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together. For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So Quickens the pace of the Way to remember: Prefix A means without, so without conjunctions
  • #12: * For special emphasis – to highlight quantity or mass of detail, or to create a flowing, continuous sentence pattern; has the tendency to intentionally slow the reader down. Way to remember: Poly means many, so many conjunctions
  • #13: *
  • #14: *
  • #15: *
  • #16: *
  • #17: * A loose sentence (also called a cumulative sentence) is a type of sentence in which the main idea ( independent clause ) is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases.