RestThing: A Restful Web Service Infrastructure for Mash-up Physical and Web Resources
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The document describes RestThing, a RESTful web service infrastructure for integrating physical and web resources. It proposes using REST principles to provide interfaces to heterogeneous physical devices. The key components of RestThing include RESTful APIs, an adaptation layer to handle differences in devices, resources that represent devices and web information, a service provider for accessing resources, and applications that can mash up physical and web resources. The document outlines a prototypical implementation of RestThing using a wireless sensor network, RESTful gateway, and Android application to demonstrate physical-virtual integration.
![Related Works
Our work differs from these previous work by using REST
principles to provide the interface to physical things
" REST " was coined by Roy Fielding in his Ph.D. dissertation [2]
to describe a design pattern for implementing networked
systems.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/euc2011qinweijun20111014flat-13211611856717-phpapp01-111112231610-phpapp01/85/RestThing-A-Restful-Web-Service-Infrastructure-for-Mash-up-Physical-and-Web-Resources-13-320.jpg)
RestThing: A Restful Web Service Infrastructure for Mash-up Physical and Web Resources
- 1. RestThing: A Restful Web Service Infrastructure for Mash-up Physical and Web Resources Weijun Qin, Qiang Li, Limin Sun, Hongsong Zhu, Yan Liu Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University qinweijun@is.iscas.ac.cn 24th, Oct. 2011 2011-11-12
- 2. OUTLINE • Introduction • Related Works • RestThing Architecture • The Prototyping Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusion and Future Works 2011-11-12
- 3. Context Web 2.0 is changing the world! The Concept of Web-as participation-platform Search Tags Links Signals Authoring Extensions
- 4. Context Web 2.0 is changing the world! Wikipedia is an existing application, where each peer contributor can participate into Facebook provides APIs for third party to and edit create new and appealing application
- 5. Web of Things • Various physical things embedded in various industries – RFID, barcode – Wireless Sensors/Actuators Networks – M2M devices • If physical things are exploited as like the Web, new physical- virtual applications are created!
- 6. Web of Things • Various physical things embedded in various industries – RFID, barcode – Wireless Sensors/Actuators Web of Things Networks – M2M devices • If physical things are exploited as like the Web, new physical- virtual applications are created! Large numbers of connected smart things
- 7. Challenges • Heterogeneity of devices Isolated island among the and communication wireless sensor networks protocols Internet/ Web WSN WSN
- 8. Problem Statement How to create open infrastructure to handle devices embedded into the physical world and access devices to mash-up physical-virtual application
- 9. Our Works RestThing infrastructure REST-style architecture to ease the integration of embedded sensor devices and existing applications Mash-up physical resources and web 2.0 service to create new type physical-virtual application Evaluate the efficiency of the prototyping system
- 10. OUTLINE • Introduction • Related Works • RestThing Architecture • The Prototyping Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusion and Future Works 2011-11-12
- 11. Enabling Technologies Some previous work used Big Web Services as the way to access physical things For example, SenseWeb 1 by Kansal et al … • used WS-API to provide accessible interface
- 12. Enabling Technologies Some previous work used Big Web Services as the way to access physical things Big Web Services as the extension of API-oriented SOAP/WSDL • originally designed for integrate middleware and distributed systems • mapping their APIs to the Web information system However, along with the increasing functionality of theses systems, the number standards and specifications of Big Web Services would become more complicated and larger.
- 13. Related Works Our work differs from these previous work by using REST principles to provide the interface to physical things " REST " was coined by Roy Fielding in his Ph.D. dissertation [2] to describe a design pattern for implementing networked systems.
- 14. Related Works Our work differs from these previous work by using REST principles to provide the interface to physical things Erik Wilde3 work • firstly pointed out reusing well-accepted • Suggesting Web principles to interconnect the embedded devices to the Web. TinyRest4 bridged the Web with the physical world through a restful gateway. • However, it violated REST principles by introducing the extra verbs ‘subscribe’.
- 15. OUTLINE • Introduction • Related Works • RestThing Architecture • The Prototyping Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusion and Future Works 2011-11-12
- 16. RestThing Infrastructure • RestThing Infrastructure – RestThing’s goal: various applications can coexist and access to embedded devices available just like web information resources. – REST-driven and Resource-Oriented Architecture (ROA). • Why is RESTful – Loose-coupling – Uniform Operation – Popularity
- 17. Design Issues • Designing key components： – Restful APIs – Adaptation layer – Resources – The services provider – Applications • Design detail issues： – Applications access Physical things as like Web resources – Accessing Physical things should inherit all the outstanding mechanisms
- 18. Key Components: Restful API • Restful API does prescribe the use of standards: – HTTP – URL – XML/HTML/GIF/JPEG/etc. (Resource Representations) – text/xml, text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, etc. URI: Http:// Embedded Applications Or Web Resources Resources requirements Many kinds forms ... doc1.html
- 19. Key Components: Resource and Adaptation • Heterogeneity – Various types of embedded devices – Dedicated communication protocols • Device with TCP/IP • Device with TCP/IP Sensor, IEEE802.15.4 Sensor platforms based on Sun Small Programmable Object • Adaptation Technology (SPOT), connect data transmission from the Web Internet via IEEE 802.15.4 link. to the physical environment and vice-versa. • Adaptation To hide these operations Acting as the role of the driver complexity and heterogeneity module bridging the gap between the device and the Web
- 20. Key components: Service Provider and Apps • The service provider is the central point of access in the RestThing infrastructure for sharing accessible embedded devices and creating applications. • Two functions: – The database to collect resource data – Integration and combination for Restful APIs of embedded devices and Web Resources • Data collection • Restful APIs combination Data from embedded devices Generating more functional and Data from the existing Web site complicated services than just adopting embedded devices or Web resources
- 21. OUTLINE • Introduction • Related Works • RestThing Architecture • The Prototyping Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusion and Future Works 2011-11-12
- 22. Prototyping Implementation • Implementation details： – Wireless sensor network as the representative of the embedded devices – REST-style gateway as the adaptation support Ethernet interface and Zigbee communication – Restful services deployed in the personal computer – Physical-virtual applications with combining physical and web resources runs on Android-based smart phone
- 23. Wireless Sensor Network & Restful Gateway • Wireless sensors are equipped with a 250kbps, 2.4GHz, IEEE802.15.4-compliant Chip CC2420 Radio. – Easy to program and offer some basic sensing capabilities, e.g. temperature, humidity, light, infrared, image • Restful gateway acts as the adaptation bridging the wireless sensor network and Internet – ARM9 32-bit RISC processor architecture, S3C2440 400MHz CPU processor and 64M Flash memory – Provide a uniform interface to all components above it and manages all sensors in its scope – Obtain sensor data streams, submit data collection demands, or access sensor characteristics through the Restful API
- 24. Wireless Sensor Network & Restful Gateway • Wireless sensors are equipped with a 250kbps, 2.4GHz, IEEE802.15.4-compliant Chip CC2420 Radio. – Easy to program and offer some basic sensing capabilities, e.g. temperature, humidity, light, infrared, image • Restful gateway acts as the adaptation bridging the wireless sensor network and Internet – The restful gateway implements the restful API using http protocol – sensors and the web information are view as resources and manipulated by the uniform Restful APIs in the HTTP standard Resource REST MIME Type URI(the fixed prefix: http://localhost:port/wsn/) Name Verb SenCurrentRes GET XML/JSON sensors/{sensorid}/{dataType}.{mediaType} SenHistoryRes GET XML/JSON sensors/history/{sensorid}/{dataType}/{fromTime}/ {toTime}.{mediaType} SenActiveRes GET XML/JSON sensors/activeNode/all.{mediaType} SenCmdRes POST XML/JSON sensors/{sensorid}/command/{dataType}.{mediaTy pe}
- 25. Implementation • Application demonstration using services which are provided by the restful gateway. – mobile phone (HTC Desire G7) based on android 2.2 operation system. – RESTlet on Android with both the client-side and the server-side HTTP connectors Real-time Data History Data (daily, Device Physical-virtual (temperature, weekly, any Management (id, Mash-up humidity, light, …) duration) operating system, (Temperature + memory) SINA weibo API)
- 26. Implementation: physical-virtual mash-up • Mash-up services combining physical resources and web services – Light Data • sensors/{sensorid}/ligh t.{mediaType} – SINA Weibo API (like twitter) • statuses/repost • statuses/destroy • statuses/update • statuses/upload
- 27. OUTLINE • Introduction • Related Works • RestThing Architecture • The Prototyping Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusion and Future Works 2011-11-12
- 28. Evaluation Evaluation from testing the amount of delay time from a request to the back response There are four test experiments: • temperature real-time date with XML presentation • temperature real-time date with JSON presentation • temperature history date with XML presentation • temperature history date with JSON presentation
- 29. Evaluation The delay time consumed T are divided into three stages: • Time 1(T1): reading from the serial-over-USB port and transformation data from Zigbee format to Ethernet format • Time 2(T2): storage in database • Time 3(T3): Data encapsulation to the RESTlet URI’s presentation T=T1+T2+T3 Gateway without REST via GPRS communication: • Just contains read date from serial port and data transformation.
- 30. OUTLINE • Introduction • Related Works • RestThing Architecture • The Prototyping Implementation • Evaluation • Conclusion and Future Works 2011-11-12
- 31. Conclusion and Future Works RestThing infrastructure based on the REST paradigm Hide the heterogeneity of connected embedded devices Provide an easy and seamless way for integrating embedded devices with existing applications Integrate wireless sensor networks, restful gateway and mash-up application running on the smart phone Tradeoff features/performance
- 32. Conclusion and Future Works RestThing infrastructure based on the REST paradigm Hide the heterogeneity of connected embedded devices Provide an easy and seamless way for integrating embedded devices with existing applications Integrate wireless sensor networks, restful gateway and mash-up application running on the smart phone Tradeoff features/performance Service composition The third service interface for web services Semantics REST supported on embedded devices based on CoAP/6LoWPAN
- 33. THANK YOU! Q&A Contact Info: Weijun Qin qinweijun@is.iscas.ac.cn
Editor's Notes
- #4: 600 Million hosts, and 1.4 Billion users currently in Internet Statistics. Google just passed 1 Trillion unique URLs. There are 100+ Billion microcontrollers worldwide with 10 Billion shipments a year. Those all have the potential to be networked. They will make up the Internet of Things which has the potential for a size in Trillions.
- #5: 600 Million hosts, and 1.4 Billion users currently in Internet Statistics. Google just passed 1 Trillion unique URLs. There are 100+ Billion microcontrollers worldwide with 10 Billion shipments a year. Those all have the potential to be networked. They will make up the Internet of Things which has the potential for a size in Trillions.
- #6: Obviously, the application developers cannot grasp these technologies quickly. What they need is just low-enter barrier to quickly react to information or market requirements. Big Web Services cannot satisfy these requirements.these standards used the Web as a transport infrastructure and acted as.
- #7: Obviously, the application developers cannot grasp these technologies quickly. What they need is just low-enter barrier to quickly react to information or market requirements. Big Web Services cannot satisfy these requirements.these standards used the Web as a transport infrastructure and acted as.
- #8: Our work used the smart gateway to connect the physical devices to the Web information by REST principles
- #9: Our work used the smart gateway to connect the physical devices to the Web information by REST principles
- #10: Loosely couplingEase of integrating isolated information systemsScalability Uniform operationThe embedded devices are viewed resources' formatUniform operation on resources Popularity The successful case of the World Wide WebThe web 2.0 technologies
- #11: REST is just a design patternYou can't bottle up a pattern. You can only understand it and design your Web services to it.
- #12: REST is just a design patternYou can't bottle up a pattern. You can only understand it and design your Web services to it.
- #13: REST is just a design patternYou can't bottle up a pattern. You can only understand it and design your Web services to it.
- #14: Since the temperature history back response has more than 1000 items of data compared with the current data back response, it has longer delay time in the experiment. When the amount of data is small (real-time data response is small amount), JSON and XML presentations have more or less time delay. If the data amount is large, using JSON as resource presentation has less time delay than XML.