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Rf sys ppt tx and rx 1

K
Karthikeyan Sadatsharan

The document presents a design for an assisted autopilot system that improves reliability in adverse driving conditions by utilizing weather, road conditions, and the behavior of surrounding vehicles. The system features a radar and two communication channels to inform drivers about potential risks and enhance autopilot functionality. Key specifications include advanced RF components to ensure effective vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-command center communication.

Engineering
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An Assisted Autopilot for Unfavorable Road Conditions TEAM MEMBERS: Shakthi Priya Gowri Karthik Devarajan Raghunathan Roshni Prasad Karthikeyan Sadatsharan Jayanathan Ilango THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS EERF 6395 – RF/Microwave Systems Engineering
INTRODUCTION • Technological advancements have given rise to “Smart” cars using Autopilot. In a few years, all vehicles will have inbuilt autopilot systems. • However, autonomous driving fails in unpredictable conditions. Studies show that autonomous driving increases the rate of accidents in certain cases. • Applying the predefined set of solutions for example, to stop or slow down the car, may not be the best option and may in turn, worsen the outcome. • Due to the untimely application of autopilot mode, the reliability on such systems remains a question mark. • To overcome this conundrum of whether autonomous driving is an option, we have designed a system that uses: • Weather • Road Conditions • Behavioral Pattern of driver in the vehicle ahead • After evaluating these parameters, our system categorizes the risk into 3 levels, namely, safe, moderate and risky.
DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM • The proposed system aims at adapting the existing system and incorporating an algorithm to improve the efficiency of the autopilot. • The designed system has two uses: • Assist the driver to evaluate whether the vehicle can be put on autopilot. • Assist the driver/autopilot in driving. • This is done using a radar system and two communication channels. • The radar system’s goal is to caution the driver on front and rear collision. • One communication system is used for V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) communication while the other communication link is to acquire information such as weather forecast, road conditions, construction sights, irregularities on the road from a command center which is connected to the cloud. • The V2V communication helps in evaluating the reliability on autopilot depending on the behavioral pattern of the driver.
KEY RF SPECIFICATIONS • Communication System 1: Vehicle to Vehicle  Antenna - Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna  Frequency – 16.6 GHz to 17.2 GHz (Ku - Band) • Communication System 2: Vehicle to Command Center  Antenna: Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna  Frequency: 13.4 GHz to 13.75GHz (Ku – Band) • RADAR  Antenna – Pyramidal Horn Antenna  Monostatic RADAR  RADAR Frequency – 24 GHz to 40 GHz (Ka - Band) Center Frequency – 30 GHz
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Tx Rx COMMAND CENTER COMMAND CENTER COMMAND CENTER CLOUD Comm Link 2 Comm Link 1 Radar
How the RADAR works? • The radar deployed in the car transmits a signal operating at 30 GHz. • This signal hits the moving vehicle/ stationary object which is ahead as it approaches close to the vehicle. • With the principle of Doppler effect, this signal is reflected with an shift in frequency (Operating frequency +/- Doppler frequency). • This reflected signal is received by the receiver, which alerts the driver about the vehicle present ahead along with its distance. • Doppler frequency can be calculated as
Doppler Effect of RADAR Assume the speed with which car was moving = 60 mph (26.8224 meter/s) Operating frequency (f) = 30 GHz We know that λ = c/f Therefore, the wavelength (λ ) = 0.01 m Doppler Frequency (fd) = (2 * Vr )/ λ = (2 * 26.8224 ) / (0.01) = 5364.48 Hz = 5.365 KHz
RADAR System Block Diagram Signal Source BPF BPF Driver Amp PA BPFBPF Local Oscillator LNA TX Antenna RX Antenna IF Amp Transmitter Receiver Circulator Mixer Mixer
Transmitter System Diagram PORT P=1 Z=_Z0 Ohm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 5.80539 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S1 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1.2 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 28.1875 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 8.48755 dBm LPFB ID=F1 LOSS=0.5 dB N=3 FP=0.5 GHz NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 18.8015 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A2 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-7.5 dB P1DB= IP3=25 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 8.8088 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.355 GHz PWR=-10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -10 dBm TONE ID=A4 FRQ=29.645 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 29.645 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP7 AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=23 dB P1DB=33 dBm IP3=43 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 28.4875 dBm TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP4 AMP_B ID=A3 GAIN=32 dB P1DB=19 dBm IP3=32 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.8 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 19.8273 dBm TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3
Cascaded Gain (dB) of Radar TX
Noise Figure (dB) of Radar TX
OIP3 (dBm) of Radar TX
Radar TX Hand Calculations Power Added Efficiency: Pdc =(85mA*12V) + (600mA*6V)= 3600 mW Pin = -10 dBm Pout = 28.1875 dBm (outside the transmitter before antenna) PAE = (Pout – Pin) / Pdc = 14.25 % Maximum Range for Minimum Detectable Signal at RX: Pmin= MDS = -100dBm Pt = 28.1875 dBm Rmax= ((Pt G2*σ*λ2) / (Pmin*(4*π)3))^1/4 = 214.7 m EIRP = Pt (dBm) + Gt (dB) = 28.1875 dBm + 20dBi = 48.1875dBm = 68.75 W
Company Keysight Technologies MXG X-Series N5181B Frequency Range 9 KHz to 3 GHz Output Power (Max) 24 dBm Noise Figure 50 Ohms TX – Vector Signal Generator TX – Driver Amplifier Company Teledyne Cougar AC618 Frequency Range 10 – 600 MHz Gain 32 dB Noise Figure 2.8 dB P1dB 19 dBm IP3 32 dB VDD 12 V ID 85 mA
TX – Low Pass Filter (IF) Company Mini Circuits Coaxial Low Pass Filter Low Insertion Loss Range 0 – 500 MHz 3-dB Cutoff 630 MHz Insertion loss 0.5 dB (Typical) Company Advanced Microwave Inc IF Frequency Range 0 - 4 GHz LO Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz RF Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz Conversion Loss 7.5 dB IIP3 20 dBm TX – Mixer for Up-conversion
Company Crescent Frequency Products CXA53 Frequency Of Operation 10 – 1500 GHz Voltage Supply 2.5 – 3.3 V Current 30 – 70 mA TX – Local Oscillator TX – Band Pass Filter (RF) Company Planar Monolithics Industries 15CL32G-16G- 292FF Center frequency 30 GHz Frequency Range 24 GHz to 40 GHz Insertion loss 3 dB (Typical)
TX – Power Amplifier Company Qorvo TGA2594 Frequency Range 27.5 GHz – 31 GHz Gain 23 dB Noise Figure 3.5 dB P1dB 33 dBm IP3 43 dBm VDD 20 V ID 140 mA Company Kete Microwave Electronics KTWC320-21 Frequency Range 26.4 GHz – 40.1 GHz Insertion Loss 0.3 dB Isolation (Min.) 20 dB VSWR (Max.) 1.2 TX – Circulator
Receiver System Diagram AMP_B ID=A4 GAIN=32 dB P1DB=19 dBm IP3=32 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.8 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 10.839 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -21.0888 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S1 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -44.1757 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -63.8757 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-2 dB P1DB= IP3=35 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=3.02 dB NOISE=RF Budget only fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -19.182 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=30 GHz PWR=-43.8757 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -43.8757 dBm PORT P=1 Z=_Z0 Ohm TONE ID=A5 FRQ=30.355 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 30.355 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP7BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -17.1819 dBm AMP_B ID=A2 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=10 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -14.1785 dBm
Cascaded Gain (dB) of Radar RX
Noise Figure (dB) of Radar RX
OIP3(dBm) of Radar RX
Radar RX Hand Calculations Free Space Path Loss: = 10Log(4πR/λ)2 R=200 m λ= 0.01 m FSPL= -108.004 dB
Company B&Z Technology BZ- 29003100-251030-101515 Frequency Range 29 GHz – 31 GHz Gain 30 dB Noise Figure 2.5 dB P1dB 10 dBm RX – Low Noise Amplifier Company Kete Microwave Electronics KTWC320-21 Frequency Range 26.4 GHz – 40.1 GHz Insertion Loss 0.3 dB Isolation (Min.) 20 dB VSWR (Max.) 1.2 RX – Circulator
RX – Band Pass Filter (RF) Company Planar Monolithics Industries 15CL32G-16G- 292FF Center frequency 30 GHz Frequency Range 24 GHz to 40 GHz Insertion loss 3 dB (Typical) RX – Mixer for Downconverter Company Advanced Microwave Inc IF Frequency Range 0 - 4 GHz LO Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz RF Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz Conversion Loss 7.5 dB IIP3 20 dBm
RX – IF Amplifier (IF)RX – Band Pass Filter (IF) Company Surface Mount Center frequency 355 MHz Frequency Range 310-400 MHz Insertion loss 1.90 dB (Typical) Company Teledyne Cougar AC618 Frequency Range 10 – 600 MHz Gain 32 dB Noise Figure 2.8 dB P1dB 19 dBm IP3 32 dB VDD 12 V ID 85 mA
RADAR Link – System Diagram PORT P=1 Z=_Z0 Ohm PORT P=2 Z=_Z0 Ohm AMP_B ID=A3 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 24.4283 dBm AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 19.8834 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -5.21174 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S1 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1.2 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 24.1283 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 4.42827 dBm LPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.5 dB N=3 FP=0.5 GHz NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 17.8576 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A2 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-7 dB P1DB=2 dBm IP3=10 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -2.20833 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.355 GHz PWR=-10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -10 dBm TONE ID=A4 FRQ=29.645 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 29.645 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP7 1 2 ANTENNA ID=S2 ANTGAIN=20 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -63.8757 dBm AMP_B ID=A6 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=10 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -14.1786 dBm AMP_B ID=A7 GAIN=32 dB P1DB=19 dBm IP3=32 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.8 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 5.88923 dBm BPFB ID=F3 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -17.182 dBm BPFB ID=F4 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -26.0893 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S3 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -44.1757 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -63.8757 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A8 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-7 dB P1DB= IP3=25 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -24.1825 dBm TONE ID=A10 FRQ=30.355 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 30.355 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP8 TP ID=TP9 TP ID=TP10 TP ID=TP11 TP ID=TP12 TP ID=TP13 TP ID=TP14 12 ANTENNA ID=S4 ANTGAIN=20 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -43.8757 dBm
Node Power (dBm) of the Radar Transceiver
Parameter Top-level Spec Min/ Max Modified Spec Min/ Max Simulated Performance Compliant (Y/N) Frequency Band (GHz) 77 – 81 GHz Min 24 – 40 GHz (30 GHz fc) Min- Max 24 – 40 GHz (30 GHz fc) Y Transmit Output Power (dBm) 22.5 Min - Min 23.4 Y Transmit Channel Gain (dB) 25 Min - Min 38.23 Y Transmit Channel PAE (%) 10 Min Min 14.25 Y Receive Noise Figure (dB) 6 Max - Max 5.797 Y Receive Channel Gain (dB) 25 Min - Min 54.7 Y Receive Channel OIP3 (dBm) 25 Min - Min 30.8 Y TX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 15 Max - Max 15 Y RX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 15 Max - Max 15 Y Maximum Range (m) 200 Min - Min 214.7 Y Total DC Power Consumption (W) 5.0 Max - Max 4.6 Y Compliance Matrix – Radar System
RF communication Link-1 Block Diagram(V 2 V) Signal Source BPF BPF PA PA BPFBPF Local Oscillator LNA TX Antenna RX Antenna IF Amp Transmitter Receiver
TRANSMITTER: BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: 0.0392496 mW SPwr: -14.0616 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: 0.406684 mW SPwr: -3.90743 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz TONE ID=A2 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: 1 mW SPwr: 0 dBm fc: 16.5 GHz IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=7 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: 0.113103 mW SPwr: -9.46526 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.4 GHz PWR=-1 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: 0.794328 mW SPwr: -1 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP4 AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=29 dB P1DB=23 dBm IP3=30 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=7 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: 29.4231 mW SPwr: 14.6869 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz AMP_B ID=A6 GAIN=15 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3=36 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: 738.693 mW SPwr: 28.6846 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz TP ID=TP5TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP6TP ID=TP1
GAIN
TRANSMITTED POWER
YIELD ANALYSIS
COMPONENTS BANDPASS FILTER Company Surface Mount Center frequency 355MHz Frequency Range 310-400MHz Insertion loss 1.90 dB MIXER MR1407 Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-800MHz RF/LO Frequency Range 3-18GHz Conversion Loss 1.90dB Input 1 dB Compression 7dB OIP3 18dB Operating Temperature Range -54 C to +94 C
BANDPASS FILTER Company NIC Center frequency 18 GHz Frequency Range 16.75-19.25 GHz Insertion loss 1 dB NIC 0BA69 GaAs pHEMT MMIC DRIVER AMPLIFIER Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 5 – 17 GHz Gain 29 dB Noise Figure 7 dB P1dB 23 dBm IP3 30 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 180mA
Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 18 – 26 GHz Gain 15 dB Noise Figure 3 dB P1dB 28 dBm IP3 36 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 200mA POWER AMPLIFIER GaAs pHEMT MMIC QOM-SL-0.9-20-S-SG-R ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 0.9 – 20 GHz Gain 6.3 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º
HAND CALCULATION Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Gt=Gr=6.3dBi (4.265) F = 16.9GHz MDS=10-9 mW 1. R_max = [(Pt*Gt*Gr*λ2) / (MDS*(4*π)2]1/2 R_max = 4.97 Km Operating distance(R) = 3000m 2. Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Pr= Pt*Gt*Gr* λ 2/(4*π*R)2= -85.59 dBm 3. EIRP= Pt(dBm) + Gt(dBi) = 28.7195+6.3 = 33.28dBm (2.12W) 4. PAE OF THE SYSTEM Input power : 0.79mW Output Power : 744.642 mW DC Power, PDC : 900 mW + 1000 mW = 1900 mW ηPAE=(Pout-Pin)/Pdc = 39.31%
RECEIVER BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: -71.5938 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz AMP_B ID=A2 GAIN=20.9 dB P1DB=20.4 dBm IP3=40 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: -50.6938 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=27 dB P1DB=26 dBm IP3=35 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: -58.59 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: -63.1864 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=8 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: -68.6864 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3TONE ID=A1 FRQ=16.9 GHz PWR=-85.59 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: -85.59 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz TP ID=TP5 TONE ID=A4 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: 0 dBm fc: 16.5 GHz TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP6
GAIN
NOISE FIGURE
OIP3
YIELD ANALYSIS
YIELD ANALYSIS Contd..
COMPONENTS Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 12 – 17 GHz Gain 27 dB Noise Figure 2 dB P1dB 26 dBm IP3 35 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 250mA LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER BANDPASS FILTER Company NIC Center frequency 18 GHz Frequency Range 16.75-19.25 GHz Insertion loss 1 dB NIC 0BA69
MR1407 MIXER Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-800MHz RF/LO Frequency Range 3-18GHz Conversion Loss 1.90dB Input 1 dB Compression 7dB OIP3 18dB Operating Temperature Range -54 C to +94 C BANDPASS FILTER Company Surface Mount Center frequency 355MHz Frequency Range 310-400MHz Insertion loss 1.90 dB
Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 0.02 – 0.5 GHz Gain 20.9 dB Noise Figure 2.5 dB P1dB 20.4 dBm IP3 40 dBm Supply Voltage +5 V Current 98 mA IF AMPLIFIER QOM-SL-0.9-20-S-SG-R ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 0.9 – 20 GHz Gain 6.3 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º
HAND CALCULATION Free Space Path Loss: =10Log(4πR/λ)2 R=3000m λ= 0.017m FSPL= 126.91 dB
AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=29 dB P1DB=23 dBm IP3=30 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=7 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: 14.6869 dBm AMP_B ID=A6 GAIN=15 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3=36 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: 28.6846 dBm BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -14.0616 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -3.90743 dBm AMP_B ID=A4 GAIN=20.9 dB P1DB=20.4 dBm IP3=40 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -50.8192 dBm TP ID=TP7 TP ID=TP10 TP ID=TP12 TP ID=TP13 TP ID=TP5 AMP_B ID=A7 GAIN=27 dB P1DB=26 dBm IP3=35 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -58.7154 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.4 GHz PWR=-1 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -1 dBm 12 ANTENNA ID=S1 ANTGAIN=6.3 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: 34.9846 dBm TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP6 TONE ID=A10 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 16.5 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP4 BPFB ID=F4 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -63.3117 dBm TONE ID=A2 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 16.5 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=7 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -9.46526 dBm TP ID=TP1 IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A8 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=8 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -68.8117 dBm 1 2 ANTENNA ID=S2 ANTGAIN=6.3 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -85.7154 dBm TP ID=TP8 TP ID=TP9 TP ID=TP11 BPFB ID=F3 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -71.7192 dBm TRANSCEIVER
TRANSCEIVER POWER
Compliance Matrix – Communication Link1 Parameter Top-level Spec Min/ Max Simulated Performance Compliant (Y/N) Frequency Band (GHz) 16.8-17.2 Min 16.9 Y Transmit Output Power (dBm) 22.5 Min 28.64 Y Transmit Channel Gain (dB) 22 Min 29.64 Y Transmit Channel PAE (%) 30 Min 39.31 Y Receive Noise Figure (dB) 4 Max 2.6 Y Receive Channel Gain (dB) 30 Min 34.9 Y Receive Channel OIP3 (dBm) 23 Min 29.97 Y TX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y RX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y Range (m) 4970 Max 3000 Y Total DC Power Consumption (W) 5.0 Max 1.9W Y
Signal Source BPF BPF PA PA BPFBPF Local Oscillator LNA TX Antenna RX Antenna IF Amp Transmitter Receiver RF communication Link-2 Block Diagram(Vehicle to Command center)
TRANSMITTER: TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.4 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP2 IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A2 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-8.5 dB P1DB=11.5 dBm IP3=21 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -13.0432 dBm TONE ID=A3 FRQ=13.173 GHz PWR=10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 13.173 GHz SPwr: 10 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.8 dB N=3 FP1=13.345 GHz FP2=14.095 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -14.8909 dBm TP ID=TP4 AMP_B ID=A4 GAIN=14.5 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3=39 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: 27.5613 dBm BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.5 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -4.5188 dBm TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP1 AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=29 dB P1DB=23 dBm IP3=30 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=7 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: 13.899 dBm
GAIN
TRANSMITTED POWER
YIELD ANALYSIS
HAND CALCULATION Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Gt=Gr=13dBi F = 13.57GHz MDS=10-8 mW 1. R_max = [(Pt*Gt*Gr*λ2) / (MDS*(4*π)2]1/2 R_max = 9.53Km Operating distance(R) = 5000m 2. Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Pr= Pt*Gt*Gr* λ 2/(4*π*R)2= -74.39 dBm 3. EIRP= Pt(dBm) + Gt(dBi) = 28.71+13 = 41.71dBm 4. PAE OF THE SYSTEM Input power : 1mW Output Power : 744.642 mW DC Power, PDC : 900 mW + 1000 mW = 1900 mW ηPAE=(Pout-Pin)/Pdc = 29.95%
COMPONENTS MIXER HMC558A Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-6GHz RF/LO Frequency Range 5.5-14GHz Conversion Loss -8.5dB Input 1 dB Compression 11.5dBm OIP3 21dBm BANDPASS FILTER Company Microwave Circuits Model Number B25400M3 Insertion Loss 1.5 dB Frequency Range 350 – 450 MHz
Manufacturer Microwave Circuits Model Number B0513G71 Insertion Loss 1.8 dB Frequency Range 13.345 GHz – 14.095 GHz BANDPASS FILTER GaAs pHEMT MMIC DRIVER AMPLIFIER Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 5 – 17 GHz Gain 29 dB Noise Figure 7 dB P1dB 23 dBm IP3 30 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 180mA
Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 18 – 26 GHz Gain 15 dB Noise Figure 3 dB P1dB 28 dBm IP3 39 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 200mA POWER AMPLIFIER GaAs pHEMT MMIC ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 2 – 18 GHz Gain 13 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º
RECEIVER TP ID=TP5 IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-8.5 dB P1DB=11.5 dBm IP3=21 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.402 GHz SPwr: -70.0477 dBm TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP3 BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.8 dB N=3 FP1=13.345 GHz FP2=14.095 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -61.5477 dBm TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP2 TONE ID=A4 FRQ=13.171 GHz PWR=10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 13.171 GHz SPwr: 10 dBm AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=20.9 dB P1DB=20.4 dBm IP3=40 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.402 GHz SPwr: -50.6547 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.5 dB N=3 FP1=0.35 GHz FP2=0.45 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.402 GHz SPwr: -71.5547 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=13.573 GHz PWR=-86.7 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -86.7 dBm TP ID=TP1 AMP_B ID=A2 GAIN=27 dB P1DB=13 dBm IP3=24 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=1.4 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -59.7 dBm
GAIN
NOISE FIGURE
OIP3
YIELD ANALYSIS
YIELD ANALYSIS contd…
COMPONENTS Company Qorvo Frequency Range 5– 15 GHz Gain 27 dB Noise Figure 1.4 dB P1 dB 13 dBm IP3 24 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 160mA LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER BANDPASS FILTER TGA2512 Manufacturer Microwave Circuits Model Number B0513G71 Insertion Loss 1.8 dB Frequency Range 13.345 GHz – 14.095 GHz
HMC558A MIXER Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-6GHz RF/LO Frequency Range 5.5-14GHz Conversion Loss -8.5dB Input 1 dB Compression 11.5dBm OIP3 21dBm BANDPASS FILTER Manufacturer Microwave Circuits Model Number B25400M3 Insertion Loss 1.5 dB Frequency Range 0.35-0.45GHz
ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 2 – 18 GHz Gain 13 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 0.02 – 0.5 GHz Gain 20.9 dB Noise Figure 2.5 dB P1dB 20.4 dBm IP3 40 dBm Supply Voltage +5 V Current 98 mA IF AMPLIFIER
Hand Calculation Free Space Path Loss: =10Log(4πR/λ)2 R=5000m λ= 0.017m FSPL= 129.1 dB
Parameter Top-level Spec Min/ Max Simulated Performance Compliant (Y/N) Frequency Band (GHz) 13.4-13.75 Min 13.573 Y Transmit Output Power (dBm) 21.97 Min 29.28 Y Transmit Channel Gain (dB) 25 Min 27.54 Y Transmit Channel PAE (%) 20 Min 29.95 Y Receive Noise Figure (dB) 2.0 Max 1.602 Y Receive Channel Gain (dB) 30 Min 36.05 Y Receive Channel OIP3 (dBm) 23 Min 29.06 Y TX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y RX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y Range (m) 9530 Max 5000 Y Total DC Power Consumption (W) 5.0 Max 1.9 Y Compliance Matrix – Communication Link1
Compliance to IEEE Power Density Limits for Human Exposure (Fig 1.5) • All the communication and radar links in the system operate in frequencies close to 15 GHz, where . • Lower frequencies penetrate with a higher
References • http://www.ketemicro.com • https://everythingrf.com • http://www.advmic.com/m3x08.html

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Rf sys ppt tx and rx 1

  • 1. An Assisted Autopilot for Unfavorable Road Conditions TEAM MEMBERS: Shakthi Priya Gowri Karthik Devarajan Raghunathan Roshni Prasad Karthikeyan Sadatsharan Jayanathan Ilango THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS EERF 6395 – RF/Microwave Systems Engineering
  • 2. INTRODUCTION • Technological advancements have given rise to “Smart” cars using Autopilot. In a few years, all vehicles will have inbuilt autopilot systems. • However, autonomous driving fails in unpredictable conditions. Studies show that autonomous driving increases the rate of accidents in certain cases. • Applying the predefined set of solutions for example, to stop or slow down the car, may not be the best option and may in turn, worsen the outcome. • Due to the untimely application of autopilot mode, the reliability on such systems remains a question mark. • To overcome this conundrum of whether autonomous driving is an option, we have designed a system that uses: • Weather • Road Conditions • Behavioral Pattern of driver in the vehicle ahead • After evaluating these parameters, our system categorizes the risk into 3 levels, namely, safe, moderate and risky.
  • 3. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM • The proposed system aims at adapting the existing system and incorporating an algorithm to improve the efficiency of the autopilot. • The designed system has two uses: • Assist the driver to evaluate whether the vehicle can be put on autopilot. • Assist the driver/autopilot in driving. • This is done using a radar system and two communication channels. • The radar system’s goal is to caution the driver on front and rear collision. • One communication system is used for V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) communication while the other communication link is to acquire information such as weather forecast, road conditions, construction sights, irregularities on the road from a command center which is connected to the cloud. • The V2V communication helps in evaluating the reliability on autopilot depending on the behavioral pattern of the driver.
  • 4. KEY RF SPECIFICATIONS • Communication System 1: Vehicle to Vehicle  Antenna - Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna  Frequency – 16.6 GHz to 17.2 GHz (Ku - Band) • Communication System 2: Vehicle to Command Center  Antenna: Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna  Frequency: 13.4 GHz to 13.75GHz (Ku – Band) • RADAR  Antenna – Pyramidal Horn Antenna  Monostatic RADAR  RADAR Frequency – 24 GHz to 40 GHz (Ka - Band) Center Frequency – 30 GHz
  • 6. How the RADAR works? • The radar deployed in the car transmits a signal operating at 30 GHz. • This signal hits the moving vehicle/ stationary object which is ahead as it approaches close to the vehicle. • With the principle of Doppler effect, this signal is reflected with an shift in frequency (Operating frequency +/- Doppler frequency). • This reflected signal is received by the receiver, which alerts the driver about the vehicle present ahead along with its distance. • Doppler frequency can be calculated as
  • 7. Doppler Effect of RADAR Assume the speed with which car was moving = 60 mph (26.8224 meter/s) Operating frequency (f) = 30 GHz We know that λ = c/f Therefore, the wavelength (λ ) = 0.01 m Doppler Frequency (fd) = (2 * Vr )/ λ = (2 * 26.8224 ) / (0.01) = 5364.48 Hz = 5.365 KHz
  • 8. RADAR System Block Diagram Signal Source BPF BPF Driver Amp PA BPFBPF Local Oscillator LNA TX Antenna RX Antenna IF Amp Transmitter Receiver Circulator Mixer Mixer
  • 9. Transmitter System Diagram PORT P=1 Z=_Z0 Ohm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 5.80539 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S1 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1.2 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 28.1875 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 8.48755 dBm LPFB ID=F1 LOSS=0.5 dB N=3 FP=0.5 GHz NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 18.8015 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A2 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-7.5 dB P1DB= IP3=25 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 8.8088 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.355 GHz PWR=-10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -10 dBm TONE ID=A4 FRQ=29.645 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 29.645 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP7 AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=23 dB P1DB=33 dBm IP3=43 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 28.4875 dBm TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP4 AMP_B ID=A3 GAIN=32 dB P1DB=19 dBm IP3=32 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.8 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 19.8273 dBm TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3
  • 10. Cascaded Gain (dB) of Radar TX
  • 11. Noise Figure (dB) of Radar TX
  • 12. OIP3 (dBm) of Radar TX
  • 13. Radar TX Hand Calculations Power Added Efficiency: Pdc =(85mA*12V) + (600mA*6V)= 3600 mW Pin = -10 dBm Pout = 28.1875 dBm (outside the transmitter before antenna) PAE = (Pout – Pin) / Pdc = 14.25 % Maximum Range for Minimum Detectable Signal at RX: Pmin= MDS = -100dBm Pt = 28.1875 dBm Rmax= ((Pt G2*σ*λ2) / (Pmin*(4*π)3))^1/4 = 214.7 m EIRP = Pt (dBm) + Gt (dB) = 28.1875 dBm + 20dBi = 48.1875dBm = 68.75 W
  • 14. Company Keysight Technologies MXG X-Series N5181B Frequency Range 9 KHz to 3 GHz Output Power (Max) 24 dBm Noise Figure 50 Ohms TX – Vector Signal Generator TX – Driver Amplifier Company Teledyne Cougar AC618 Frequency Range 10 – 600 MHz Gain 32 dB Noise Figure 2.8 dB P1dB 19 dBm IP3 32 dB VDD 12 V ID 85 mA
  • 15. TX – Low Pass Filter (IF) Company Mini Circuits Coaxial Low Pass Filter Low Insertion Loss Range 0 – 500 MHz 3-dB Cutoff 630 MHz Insertion loss 0.5 dB (Typical) Company Advanced Microwave Inc IF Frequency Range 0 - 4 GHz LO Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz RF Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz Conversion Loss 7.5 dB IIP3 20 dBm TX – Mixer for Up-conversion
  • 16. Company Crescent Frequency Products CXA53 Frequency Of Operation 10 – 1500 GHz Voltage Supply 2.5 – 3.3 V Current 30 – 70 mA TX – Local Oscillator TX – Band Pass Filter (RF) Company Planar Monolithics Industries 15CL32G-16G- 292FF Center frequency 30 GHz Frequency Range 24 GHz to 40 GHz Insertion loss 3 dB (Typical)
  • 17. TX – Power Amplifier Company Qorvo TGA2594 Frequency Range 27.5 GHz – 31 GHz Gain 23 dB Noise Figure 3.5 dB P1dB 33 dBm IP3 43 dBm VDD 20 V ID 140 mA Company Kete Microwave Electronics KTWC320-21 Frequency Range 26.4 GHz – 40.1 GHz Insertion Loss 0.3 dB Isolation (Min.) 20 dB VSWR (Max.) 1.2 TX – Circulator
  • 18. Receiver System Diagram AMP_B ID=A4 GAIN=32 dB P1DB=19 dBm IP3=32 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.8 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 10.839 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -21.0888 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S1 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -44.1757 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -63.8757 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-2 dB P1DB= IP3=35 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=3.02 dB NOISE=RF Budget only fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -19.182 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=30 GHz PWR=-43.8757 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -43.8757 dBm PORT P=1 Z=_Z0 Ohm TONE ID=A5 FRQ=30.355 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 30.355 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP7BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -17.1819 dBm AMP_B ID=A2 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=10 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -14.1785 dBm
  • 19. Cascaded Gain (dB) of Radar RX
  • 20. Noise Figure (dB) of Radar RX
  • 22. Radar RX Hand Calculations Free Space Path Loss: = 10Log(4πR/λ)2 R=200 m λ= 0.01 m FSPL= -108.004 dB
  • 23. Company B&Z Technology BZ- 29003100-251030-101515 Frequency Range 29 GHz – 31 GHz Gain 30 dB Noise Figure 2.5 dB P1dB 10 dBm RX – Low Noise Amplifier Company Kete Microwave Electronics KTWC320-21 Frequency Range 26.4 GHz – 40.1 GHz Insertion Loss 0.3 dB Isolation (Min.) 20 dB VSWR (Max.) 1.2 RX – Circulator
  • 24. RX – Band Pass Filter (RF) Company Planar Monolithics Industries 15CL32G-16G- 292FF Center frequency 30 GHz Frequency Range 24 GHz to 40 GHz Insertion loss 3 dB (Typical) RX – Mixer for Downconverter Company Advanced Microwave Inc IF Frequency Range 0 - 4 GHz LO Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz RF Frequency Range 25 GHz – 32 GHz Conversion Loss 7.5 dB IIP3 20 dBm
  • 25. RX – IF Amplifier (IF)RX – Band Pass Filter (IF) Company Surface Mount Center frequency 355 MHz Frequency Range 310-400 MHz Insertion loss 1.90 dB (Typical) Company Teledyne Cougar AC618 Frequency Range 10 – 600 MHz Gain 32 dB Noise Figure 2.8 dB P1dB 19 dBm IP3 32 dB VDD 12 V ID 85 mA
  • 26. RADAR Link – System Diagram PORT P=1 Z=_Z0 Ohm PORT P=2 Z=_Z0 Ohm AMP_B ID=A3 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 24.4283 dBm AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 19.8834 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -5.21174 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S1 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1.2 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 24.1283 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: 4.42827 dBm LPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.5 dB N=3 FP=0.5 GHz NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 17.8576 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A2 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-7 dB P1DB=2 dBm IP3=10 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -2.20833 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.355 GHz PWR=-10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -10 dBm TONE ID=A4 FRQ=29.645 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 29.645 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP7 1 2 ANTENNA ID=S2 ANTGAIN=20 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -63.8757 dBm AMP_B ID=A6 GAIN=30 dB P1DB=10 dBm IP3= IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -14.1786 dBm AMP_B ID=A7 GAIN=32 dB P1DB=19 dBm IP3=32 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.8 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: 5.88923 dBm BPFB ID=F3 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=24 GHz FP2=40 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -17.182 dBm BPFB ID=F4 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -26.0893 dBm 1 2 3 CIRCULATOR ID=S3 LOSS=0.3 dB ISOL=20 dB VSWR=1 NOISE=Auto Z=_Z0 Ohm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -44.1757 dBm fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -63.8757 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A8 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-7 dB P1DB= IP3=25 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.355 GHz SPwr: -24.1825 dBm TONE ID=A10 FRQ=30.355 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 30.355 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP8 TP ID=TP9 TP ID=TP10 TP ID=TP11 TP ID=TP12 TP ID=TP13 TP ID=TP14 12 ANTENNA ID=S4 ANTGAIN=20 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 30 GHz SPwr: -43.8757 dBm
  • 27. Node Power (dBm) of the Radar Transceiver
  • 28. Parameter Top-level Spec Min/ Max Modified Spec Min/ Max Simulated Performance Compliant (Y/N) Frequency Band (GHz) 77 – 81 GHz Min 24 – 40 GHz (30 GHz fc) Min- Max 24 – 40 GHz (30 GHz fc) Y Transmit Output Power (dBm) 22.5 Min - Min 23.4 Y Transmit Channel Gain (dB) 25 Min - Min 38.23 Y Transmit Channel PAE (%) 10 Min Min 14.25 Y Receive Noise Figure (dB) 6 Max - Max 5.797 Y Receive Channel Gain (dB) 25 Min - Min 54.7 Y Receive Channel OIP3 (dBm) 25 Min - Min 30.8 Y TX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 15 Max - Max 15 Y RX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 15 Max - Max 15 Y Maximum Range (m) 200 Min - Min 214.7 Y Total DC Power Consumption (W) 5.0 Max - Max 4.6 Y Compliance Matrix – Radar System
  • 29. RF communication Link-1 Block Diagram(V 2 V) Signal Source BPF BPF PA PA BPFBPF Local Oscillator LNA TX Antenna RX Antenna IF Amp Transmitter Receiver
  • 30. TRANSMITTER: BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: 0.0392496 mW SPwr: -14.0616 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: 0.406684 mW SPwr: -3.90743 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz TONE ID=A2 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: 1 mW SPwr: 0 dBm fc: 16.5 GHz IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=7 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: 0.113103 mW SPwr: -9.46526 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.4 GHz PWR=-1 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: 0.794328 mW SPwr: -1 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP4 AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=29 dB P1DB=23 dBm IP3=30 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=7 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: 29.4231 mW SPwr: 14.6869 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz AMP_B ID=A6 GAIN=15 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3=36 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: 738.693 mW SPwr: 28.6846 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz TP ID=TP5TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP6TP ID=TP1
  • 31. GAIN
  • 34. COMPONENTS BANDPASS FILTER Company Surface Mount Center frequency 355MHz Frequency Range 310-400MHz Insertion loss 1.90 dB MIXER MR1407 Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-800MHz RF/LO Frequency Range 3-18GHz Conversion Loss 1.90dB Input 1 dB Compression 7dB OIP3 18dB Operating Temperature Range -54 C to +94 C
  • 35. BANDPASS FILTER Company NIC Center frequency 18 GHz Frequency Range 16.75-19.25 GHz Insertion loss 1 dB NIC 0BA69 GaAs pHEMT MMIC DRIVER AMPLIFIER Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 5 – 17 GHz Gain 29 dB Noise Figure 7 dB P1dB 23 dBm IP3 30 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 180mA
  • 36. Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 18 – 26 GHz Gain 15 dB Noise Figure 3 dB P1dB 28 dBm IP3 36 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 200mA POWER AMPLIFIER GaAs pHEMT MMIC QOM-SL-0.9-20-S-SG-R ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 0.9 – 20 GHz Gain 6.3 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º
  • 37. HAND CALCULATION Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Gt=Gr=6.3dBi (4.265) F = 16.9GHz MDS=10-9 mW 1. R_max = [(Pt*Gt*Gr*λ2) / (MDS*(4*π)2]1/2 R_max = 4.97 Km Operating distance(R) = 3000m 2. Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Pr= Pt*Gt*Gr* λ 2/(4*π*R)2= -85.59 dBm 3. EIRP= Pt(dBm) + Gt(dBi) = 28.7195+6.3 = 33.28dBm (2.12W) 4. PAE OF THE SYSTEM Input power : 0.79mW Output Power : 744.642 mW DC Power, PDC : 900 mW + 1000 mW = 1900 mW ηPAE=(Pout-Pin)/Pdc = 39.31%
  • 38. RECEIVER BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: -71.5938 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz AMP_B ID=A2 GAIN=20.9 dB P1DB=20.4 dBm IP3=40 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: -50.6938 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=27 dB P1DB=26 dBm IP3=35 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= SPwr: -58.59 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: -63.1864 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=8 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto SPwr: -68.6864 dBm fc: 0.4 GHz TP ID=TP1 TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3TONE ID=A1 FRQ=16.9 GHz PWR=-85.59 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: -85.59 dBm fc: 16.9 GHz TP ID=TP5 TONE ID=A4 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise SPwr: 0 dBm fc: 16.5 GHz TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP6
  • 39. GAIN
  • 41. OIP3
  • 44. COMPONENTS Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 12 – 17 GHz Gain 27 dB Noise Figure 2 dB P1dB 26 dBm IP3 35 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 250mA LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER BANDPASS FILTER Company NIC Center frequency 18 GHz Frequency Range 16.75-19.25 GHz Insertion loss 1 dB NIC 0BA69
  • 45. MR1407 MIXER Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-800MHz RF/LO Frequency Range 3-18GHz Conversion Loss 1.90dB Input 1 dB Compression 7dB OIP3 18dB Operating Temperature Range -54 C to +94 C BANDPASS FILTER Company Surface Mount Center frequency 355MHz Frequency Range 310-400MHz Insertion loss 1.90 dB
  • 46. Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 0.02 – 0.5 GHz Gain 20.9 dB Noise Figure 2.5 dB P1dB 20.4 dBm IP3 40 dBm Supply Voltage +5 V Current 98 mA IF AMPLIFIER QOM-SL-0.9-20-S-SG-R ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 0.9 – 20 GHz Gain 6.3 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º
  • 47. HAND CALCULATION Free Space Path Loss: =10Log(4πR/λ)2 R=3000m λ= 0.017m FSPL= 126.91 dB
  • 48. AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=29 dB P1DB=23 dBm IP3=30 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=7 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: 14.6869 dBm AMP_B ID=A6 GAIN=15 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3=36 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=4 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: 28.6846 dBm BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -14.0616 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -3.90743 dBm AMP_B ID=A4 GAIN=20.9 dB P1DB=20.4 dBm IP3=40 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -50.8192 dBm TP ID=TP7 TP ID=TP10 TP ID=TP12 TP ID=TP13 TP ID=TP5 AMP_B ID=A7 GAIN=27 dB P1DB=26 dBm IP3=35 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -58.7154 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.4 GHz PWR=-1 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -1 dBm 12 ANTENNA ID=S1 ANTGAIN=6.3 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: 34.9846 dBm TP ID=TP2 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP6 TONE ID=A10 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 16.5 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP4 BPFB ID=F4 LOSS=3 dB N=3 FP1=16.75 GHz FP2=19.25 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -63.3117 dBm TONE ID=A2 FRQ=16.5 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 16.5 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=7 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -9.46526 dBm TP ID=TP1 IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A8 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-5.5 dB P1DB=8 dBm IP3=18 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -68.8117 dBm 1 2 ANTENNA ID=S2 ANTGAIN=6.3 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 16.9 GHz SPwr: -85.7154 dBm TP ID=TP8 TP ID=TP9 TP ID=TP11 BPFB ID=F3 LOSS=1.9 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=1 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -71.7192 dBm TRANSCEIVER
  • 50. Compliance Matrix – Communication Link1 Parameter Top-level Spec Min/ Max Simulated Performance Compliant (Y/N) Frequency Band (GHz) 16.8-17.2 Min 16.9 Y Transmit Output Power (dBm) 22.5 Min 28.64 Y Transmit Channel Gain (dB) 22 Min 29.64 Y Transmit Channel PAE (%) 30 Min 39.31 Y Receive Noise Figure (dB) 4 Max 2.6 Y Receive Channel Gain (dB) 30 Min 34.9 Y Receive Channel OIP3 (dBm) 23 Min 29.97 Y TX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y RX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y Range (m) 4970 Max 3000 Y Total DC Power Consumption (W) 5.0 Max 1.9W Y
  • 51. Signal Source BPF BPF PA PA BPFBPF Local Oscillator LNA TX Antenna RX Antenna IF Amp Transmitter Receiver RF communication Link-2 Block Diagram(Vehicle to Command center)
  • 52. TRANSMITTER: TONE ID=A1 FRQ=0.4 GHz PWR=0 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: 0 dBm TP ID=TP2 IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A2 MODE=SUM LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-8.5 dB P1DB=11.5 dBm IP3=21 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -13.0432 dBm TONE ID=A3 FRQ=13.173 GHz PWR=10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 13.173 GHz SPwr: 10 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.8 dB N=3 FP1=13.345 GHz FP2=14.095 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -14.8909 dBm TP ID=TP4 AMP_B ID=A4 GAIN=14.5 dB P1DB=28 dBm IP3=39 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=3.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: 27.5613 dBm BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.5 dB N=3 FP1=0.31 GHz FP2=0.4 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.4 GHz SPwr: -4.5188 dBm TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP3 TP ID=TP5 TP ID=TP1 AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=29 dB P1DB=23 dBm IP3=30 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=7 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: 13.899 dBm
  • 53. GAIN
  • 56. HAND CALCULATION Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Gt=Gr=13dBi F = 13.57GHz MDS=10-8 mW 1. R_max = [(Pt*Gt*Gr*λ2) / (MDS*(4*π)2]1/2 R_max = 9.53Km Operating distance(R) = 5000m 2. Pt=28.7195dBm (744.64mW) Pr= Pt*Gt*Gr* λ 2/(4*π*R)2= -74.39 dBm 3. EIRP= Pt(dBm) + Gt(dBi) = 28.71+13 = 41.71dBm 4. PAE OF THE SYSTEM Input power : 1mW Output Power : 744.642 mW DC Power, PDC : 900 mW + 1000 mW = 1900 mW ηPAE=(Pout-Pin)/Pdc = 29.95%
  • 57. COMPONENTS MIXER HMC558A Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-6GHz RF/LO Frequency Range 5.5-14GHz Conversion Loss -8.5dB Input 1 dB Compression 11.5dBm OIP3 21dBm BANDPASS FILTER Company Microwave Circuits Model Number B25400M3 Insertion Loss 1.5 dB Frequency Range 350 – 450 MHz
  • 58. Manufacturer Microwave Circuits Model Number B0513G71 Insertion Loss 1.8 dB Frequency Range 13.345 GHz – 14.095 GHz BANDPASS FILTER GaAs pHEMT MMIC DRIVER AMPLIFIER Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 5 – 17 GHz Gain 29 dB Noise Figure 7 dB P1dB 23 dBm IP3 30 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 180mA
  • 59. Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 18 – 26 GHz Gain 15 dB Noise Figure 3 dB P1dB 28 dBm IP3 39 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 200mA POWER AMPLIFIER GaAs pHEMT MMIC ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 2 – 18 GHz Gain 13 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º
  • 60. RECEIVER TP ID=TP5 IN OUT LO MIXER_B ID=A3 MODE=DIFF LOMULT=1 FCOUT= RFIFRQ= GCONV=-8.5 dB P1DB=11.5 dBm IP3=21 dBm LO2OUT=-25 dB IN2OUT=-20 dB LO2IN=-25 dB OUT2IN=-25 dB PLO= PLOUSE=Spur reference only PIN= PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only NF=10 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.402 GHz SPwr: -70.0477 dBm TP ID=TP6 TP ID=TP3 BPFB ID=F1 LOSS=1.8 dB N=3 FP1=13.345 GHz FP2=14.095 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -61.5477 dBm TP ID=TP4 TP ID=TP2 TONE ID=A4 FRQ=13.171 GHz PWR=10 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 13.171 GHz SPwr: 10 dBm AMP_B ID=A5 GAIN=20.9 dB P1DB=20.4 dBm IP3=40 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=2.5 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 0.402 GHz SPwr: -50.6547 dBm BPFB ID=F2 LOSS=1.5 dB N=3 FP1=0.35 GHz FP2=0.45 GHz AP=3.0103 dB NOISE=Auto fc: 0.402 GHz SPwr: -71.5547 dBm TONE ID=A1 FRQ=13.573 GHz PWR=-86.7 dBm PHS=0 Deg CTRFRQ= SMPFRQ= ZS=_Z0 Ohm TN=_TAMB DegK NOISE=Auto PNMASK= PNOISE=No phase noise fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -86.7 dBm TP ID=TP1 AMP_B ID=A2 GAIN=27 dB P1DB=13 dBm IP3=24 dBm IP2= MEASREF= OPSAT= NF=1.4 dB NOISE=Auto RFIFRQ= fc: 13.573 GHz SPwr: -59.7 dBm
  • 61. GAIN
  • 63. OIP3
  • 66. COMPONENTS Company Qorvo Frequency Range 5– 15 GHz Gain 27 dB Noise Figure 1.4 dB P1 dB 13 dBm IP3 24 dBm Supply Voltage +5V Current 160mA LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER BANDPASS FILTER TGA2512 Manufacturer Microwave Circuits Model Number B0513G71 Insertion Loss 1.8 dB Frequency Range 13.345 GHz – 14.095 GHz
  • 67. HMC558A MIXER Company Spectrum Microwave IF Frequency Range DC-6GHz RF/LO Frequency Range 5.5-14GHz Conversion Loss -8.5dB Input 1 dB Compression 11.5dBm OIP3 21dBm BANDPASS FILTER Manufacturer Microwave Circuits Model Number B25400M3 Insertion Loss 1.5 dB Frequency Range 0.35-0.45GHz
  • 68. ANTENNA Company Steatite Frequency Range 2 – 18 GHz Gain 13 dBi Antenna Type Ultra Wide Band Omnidirectional Antenna Azimuth Beam Width 360º Company Analog Devices Frequency Range 0.02 – 0.5 GHz Gain 20.9 dB Noise Figure 2.5 dB P1dB 20.4 dBm IP3 40 dBm Supply Voltage +5 V Current 98 mA IF AMPLIFIER
  • 69. Hand Calculation Free Space Path Loss: =10Log(4πR/λ)2 R=5000m λ= 0.017m FSPL= 129.1 dB
  • 70. Parameter Top-level Spec Min/ Max Simulated Performance Compliant (Y/N) Frequency Band (GHz) 13.4-13.75 Min 13.573 Y Transmit Output Power (dBm) 21.97 Min 29.28 Y Transmit Channel Gain (dB) 25 Min 27.54 Y Transmit Channel PAE (%) 20 Min 29.95 Y Receive Noise Figure (dB) 2.0 Max 1.602 Y Receive Channel Gain (dB) 30 Min 36.05 Y Receive Channel OIP3 (dBm) 23 Min 29.06 Y TX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y RX Antenna Az Beamwidth (degrees) 360 Max 360 Y Range (m) 9530 Max 5000 Y Total DC Power Consumption (W) 5.0 Max 1.9 Y Compliance Matrix – Communication Link1
  • 71. Compliance to IEEE Power Density Limits for Human Exposure (Fig 1.5) • All the communication and radar links in the system operate in frequencies close to 15 GHz, where . • Lower frequencies penetrate with a higher