RFID Based Toll Gate System
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This document describes a proposed optimal integrated operation strategy for a highway toll collection system using wireless technology. The system would use RFID tags in vehicles and RF receivers at toll gates to electronically collect tolls, eliminating delays. It provides block diagrams of the vehicle and toll gate sections, including the main components like RF modules, microcontrollers, encoders/decoders, and power supplies. The document discusses the advantages of this system in reducing time spent at tolls and references sources for further information.
RFID Based Toll Gate System
- 1. optimal integrated operation strategy for highway toll collection system with wireless technology
- 2. Agenda Goal Existing System Projected System Block Diagram Block Explanation Schematic Advantages Conclusion References
- 3. Goal Electronic toll collection (ETC), an adaptation of military aims to eliminate the delay on toll roads by collecting tolls electronically.
- 4. Existing System Entering data’s through manual It takes more time for further process
- 5. Projected System Vehicle takes less time for entering data as well as pay Effective communication facilities
- 6. Block Diagram Power Supply Unit (+5V) RF Module Transmitter (433.92MHZ) Encoder Unit Vehicle Section:
- 7. RF Module Receiver (433.92MHZ) Decoder Unit Micro Controller Section (AT89s51) Power Supply Section Actuator Unit Gate Section Serial Communication (RS- 232) Transaction pc Toll Gate Section:
- 8. Block definition Project consists of vehicle section and toll gate section In vehicle section, each vehicle having its own RFID In Tollgate section, vehicle id to be received by the RFID receiver, which is transferred to the microcontroller through decoder Then microcontroller performs data storage and also which compares availability of the amount in the money card And also details about vehicle stored into the database of the computer through serial communication Then gate section which opens automatically In case person has not having money, then gate will not open Database which contains entire database about the vehicle
- 9. Hardware Tools Power Supply Unit Microcontroller AT89S51 Encoder/Decoder RF module Serial communication RS232,Max232
- 11. Power Supply Circuit VDD VDD C7 0.1 uF JP2 220 VAC 1 2 - + D1 1 4 3 2 U2 7805 1 3 2 VIN GND VOUT C6 100 uF C5 470 uF R4 220 ohm D2 LED
- 12. Power Supply • The operation of power supply circuits built using filters, rectifiers, and then voltage regulators. Starting with an AC voltage, a steady DC voltage is obtained by rectifying the AC voltage • Then filtering to a DC level, and finally, regulating to obtain a desired fixed DC voltage. • The regulation is usually obtained from an IC voltage regulator Unit, which takes a DC voltage and provides a somewhat lower DC voltage, Which remains the same even if the input DC voltage varies, or the output Load connected to the DC voltage changes.
- 13. Need of Microcontroller A microcontroller (also MCU or µC) is a functional computer system-on-a-chip. It contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals capable of input and output.
- 14. Features of MCU • 4K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory • 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range • Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz • 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM • 32 Programmable I/O Lines • Two 16-bit Timer/Counters • Six Interrupt Sources • Full Duplex UART Serial Channel • Low-power Idle and Power-down Mode • Watchdog Timer , Dual Data Pointer
- 15. Serial communication ATMEL microcontroller and write the code to initialize the UART and use it to send and receive data Data you need to transmit and it will do the rest. It transmits data at standard speeds of 9600,19200 bps etc The advantage of hardware UART is that you just need to write the data to one of the registers of UART and your done, you are free to do other things while UART is transmitting the byte. UART automatically senses the start of transmission of RX line and then inputs the whole byte and when it has the byte it informs you(CPU) to read that data from one of its registers
- 16. Voltages The USART input/output uses 0V for logic 0 and 5V for logic 1. The RS-232 standard (and the COM port) use +12V for logic 0 and –12V for logic 1. To convert between these voltages levels we need an additional integrated circuit (such as Maxim’s MAX232).
- 17. MAX232 VDD RX TX T2OUT R2IN U1 MAX232 13 8 11 10 1 3 4 5 2 6 12 9 14 7 16 15 R1IN R2IN T1IN T2IN C+ C1- C2+ C2- V+ V- R1OUT R2OUT T1OUT T2OUT VCC GND C1 10 uF C4 10 uF C3 10 uF C2 10 uF
- 18. RS232 pins
- 19. UART pins in AT89S51 The UART always transmits data on pin P3.1/TX The UART always receives data on pin P3.0/RX The RS-232 standard defines lots of other signals other than TX and RX used for handshaking.
- 20. RF TRANSMITTER The transmitter output is up to 8mW at 433.92MHz with a range of approximately few meters It accepts both linear and digital inputs It can operate from 1.5 to 12 Volts-DC It is approximately the size of a standard postage stamp.
- 21. HT-12E ENCODER Features Operating voltage:2.4V~12V for the HT12E Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology Minimum transmission word’s of 4 words for the HT12E Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor Data code has positive polarity Minimal external components HT12E: 18-pin DIP/20-pin SOP package
- 22. RF RECEIVER It also operates at 433.92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV. It operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC, It has both linear and digital outputs.
- 23. HT12D DECODER Operating voltage: 2.4V~12V Low power and high noise immunity CMOS technology Low standby current Capable of decoding 12 bits of information Binary address setting Received codes are checked 3 times Address/Data number combination - HT12D: 8 address bits and 4 data bits Built-in oscillator needs only 5% resistor Valid transmission indicator Easy interface with an RF transmission medium Minimal external components Pair with Holtek's 212 series of encoders 18-pin DIP, 20-pin SOP package
- 24. Software Tools Keil C compiler Orcad Tool for Circuit Design Flash programmer
- 25. Keil software
- 26. Flash Programmer
- 27. Advantages It helps in Time Management ie by avoiding long wait on the high for the collection of toll bill .
- 28. Applications Tollgate License recognition
- 29. Conclusion By application of this project into real time we can avoid malfunctions , Time maintenance system, and long wait on the Highways can be avoided.
- 30. References through Books Council of Europe, “Legal, Operational And Technical Standards For E-voting”, Recommendation Rec(2004)1130th of September 2004, Council of Europe Publishing, 2004. Federal Election Commission, “Voting System Standards.Volume I: Performance Standards”, U.S. Federal Election Commission, 2002.