Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System
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This document describes a Zigbee-based patient monitoring system that measures important vital signs like temperature and heart rate from sensors attached to ICU patients. The sensor data is sent wirelessly via Zigbee modules to a receiving system that allows doctors to monitor multiple patients from anywhere in the hospital. This helps reduce the patient to doctor ratio in ICUs and ensures patients can be monitored constantly even when unconscious. The system uses an AT89S52 microcontroller, temperature and heart rate sensors, and Zigbee wireless technology to remotely monitor and alert doctors to changes in patients' conditions.
Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System
- 1. Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System
- 2. Contents: Introduction Block diagram of the project AT89S52 Power supply Temperature Sensor Heart Beat Sensor ZIGBEE technology Comparison with other technologies Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System Advantages Applications conclusion
- 3. Introduction: The patients in the ICU need a constant monitoring of their Temperature and heart beat. This project incorporates sensors to measure important parameters. Any abnormality felt by the patient is indicated by an alarm signal. Works even when the patient is in unconscious state. The patient-staff ratio is very low, so these kind of advanced equipment is necessary.
- 4. POWER SUPPLY A T 8 9 S 5 2 LCD DISPLAY A D C 0 8 0 4 HEART BEAT SENSOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR ZIGBEE MODULE ZIGBEE MODULE MAX 232 PC BLOCK DIAGRAM
- 5. AT89S52: Manufactured by AMTEL laboratories. Standard features like- 1. 8 Kbytes of flash. 2. 256 bytes of RAM. 3. 32 I/O lines. 4. 16-bit timer/counter. 5. Full duplex serial port. 6. On-chip oscillator.
- 6. AT89S52
- 7. AT89S52 VCC: pin 40-power supply. GND: pin 20-grounded. Port 0,port 1,port 2, port 3 are 8-bit bi-directional I/O ports. RST: pin 9 is reset pin. It is active high. ALE/prog: It is an output pin and is active high. PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. EA/VPP: Enables the device to fetch code from external device. XTAL1 & XTAL2 are input and output of oscillator amplifier.
- 8. Power supply
- 9. Temperature Sensor - LM35
- 10. Features of LM 35 LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature. You can measure temperature more accurately than a using thermistors. The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc. Possesses a low self-heating capability The output voltage is converted to temperature by a simple conversion factor. The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C.
- 12. Features of Heart Beat Sensor The sensor consists of a super bright red LED and light detector Heat beat indication by LED Instant output digital signal for directly connecting to microcontroller to measure Beats per Minute (BPM) Compact Size Working Voltage +5V DC It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse.
- 13. ZIGBEE technology A very low cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless communications standard for automation, toys, & PC peripherals. Low Power consumption 6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications Low Cost At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions High density of nodes per network 250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks Data rate requirements Few bits to 250kbps sufficient Simple protocol, Global Implementation 2.4GHz Standard in a fragmented market Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues Pent up demand due to lack of standard
- 14. ZIGBEE technology Data rates of 250 kbps with 10-100 meter range. Two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing. CSMA-CA channel access. Power management to ensure low power consumption. 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band. Low duty cycle - Provides long battery life. Low latency . Support for multiple network topologies: Static, dynamic, star and mesh . Up to 65,000 nodes on a network.
- 15. Comparison with other technologies Standard ZigBee® 802.15.4 Wi-Fi™ 802.11b Bluetooth™ 802.15.1 (meters) 1 – 100* 1 – 100 1 – 10 Life (days) 100 – 1,000 0.5 – 5.0 1 - 7 Network Size (# of nodes) > 64,000 32 7 Application Monitoring & Control Web, Email, Video Cable Replacement Stack Size (KB) 4 – 32 1,000 250 Throughput kb/s) 20 – 250 11,000 720
- 16. Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System-Transmitter
- 17. Receiver
- 18. Advantages 1. A place in the hospital where very ill patients are monitored very closely. 2. The patients in the ICU need a constant monitoring of their Temperature and heart beat. This project is a working model, which incorporates sensors to measure important parameters namely the Temperature, Respiratory temperature and Heart Beat. 3. The patient can be analyzed by doctors in any part of the hospital wherever they are. 4. Even when the patient is in an unconscious condition, all the parameters will be sensed and doctor will be cautioned, thus it reduces doctor’s workload and also gives more accurate results. 5. Thus it reduces doctors work load and also gives more accurate results, 6. We have also incorporated saline monitoring system which gives an alarm when the saline bottle about to empty.
- 19. Applications Hospitals it monitoring the Heart Beat and Temperature continually . By using this system the patient can be analyzed by doctors in any part of the hospital . Used to transfer the information from the transmitter side to the receiver side wirelessly.
- 20. Conclusion As this project is based on micro-controller and zigbee technology is used to transmit data this can be of great use in the field of medicine and helps the doctors to keep a keen eye on the patients health. "To get rich never your risk your health. For it is the truth that health is the wealth of wealth." Richard Baker
- 21. Thank you.