Brain computer interface
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This document provides an introduction to brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It discusses how BCI works by using sensors implanted in the motor cortex to detect brain signals which are then translated by a computer into commands. The document outlines different types of invasive and non-invasive BCI and describes several applications including using thought to control prosthetics, transmit images to the blind, or allow communication for the mute. Potential advantages are restoring functionality for the paralyzed or disabled.
Brain computer interface
- 2. CONTENT Introduction Principal behind BCI How BCI works Types of BCI Application of BCI Advantages conclusion
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Brain Computer Interface is a direct technological interface between a brain & a computer system not requires a motor output from the user. • It is abbreviated as BCI. • It is also known as Direct Neural Interface (DNI) & Brain – Machine Interface (BMI).
- 4. CONTINUED.. • Brain-computer interface is an electrode chip which can be implemented in the brain through surgical procedure. • When it is implemented in brain the electrical signal exchanged by neurons within the brain are sent to the computer and then the computer is controlled by person.
- 5. PRINCIPAL BEHIND BCI This technology is based on to sense, transmit, analyze and apply the language of neurons. It consist of a sensor that is implanted in the motor cortex of the brain and a device that analyses brain signals. The signals generated by brain are interpreted and translated into cursor movement on computer screen to control the computer. It consists of a silicon array about the size of an contact lens that contains about 100 electrodes each thinner than a human hair.
- 7. CONTINUE.
- 9. CONTINUE. • This is how the brain-to-brain system works. The BCI reads the sender’s thoughts — in this case, the sender thinks about moving his or her hands or feet. • Thinking about feet is equivalent to binary 0, while hands is binary 1. • With a little time/effort, whole words can be encoded as a stream of ones and zeroes. • These encoded words are then transmitted (via the internet or some other network) to the recipient, who is wearing a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The TMS is focused on the recipient’s visual cortex.
- 10. CONTINUE. • When the TMS receives a “1″ from the sender, it stimulates a region in the visual cortex that produces a phosphine — the phenomenon whereby you see flashes of light, without light actually hitting your retina (when you rub your eyes, for example). • The recipient “sees” these phosphine at the bottom of their visual field. By decoding the flashes — phosphine flash = 1, no phosphine = 0 — the recipient can “read” the word being sent.
- 11. TYPES OF BCI Invasive BCI Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery. Non Invasive BCI Non-Invasive BCIs do not involve neurosurgery. They are just like wearable virtual reality devices.
- 12. APPLICATION OF BCI One of the most exciting areas of BCI research is the development of devices that can be controlled by thoughts. For a quadriplegic, something as basic as controlling a computer cursor via mental commands would represent a revolutionary improvement in quality of life. Some of the applications of this technology are also frivolous, such as the ability to control a video game by thought , ability to change TV channels with your mind etc.
- 13. PROJECTS Brain gate The sensor, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands.
- 14. Honda Asimov Researchers have developed an interface for Honda's Asimov robot that allows individuals to control it simply by thinking.
- 15. Gaming control Gaming control using a wearable and wireless EEG-based brain- computer interface device with novel dry foam-based sensors.
- 16. Bionic eye A visual prosthesis, often referred to as a bionic eye, is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness
- 18. ADVANTAGES • Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind • Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see • Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to Hear • Allow gamers to control video games with their minds • Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer
- 19. CONCLUSION • A potential therapeutic tool. • BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in areas like Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual reality and etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology. • Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance, such as treating emotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety), easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities due to stroke. • Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon. • Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency