Brain computer interface
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The document discusses the history and current state of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. It describes how early work in the 1970s developed algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex neurons. Researchers then built the first intracortical BCI by implanting electrodes into monkeys. Current BCI approaches can be invasive, partially invasive, or non-invasive. Invasive BCIs have electrodes inserted directly into the brain but provide the highest quality signals. Potential applications of BCI include helping disabled individuals, enhancing games, and developing medical devices like a bionic eye. However, challenges remain in improving signal quality and preventing tissue scarring from invasive electrodes.
Brain computer interface
- 1. By ANURAG ANAND A Seminar on
- 2. BCI Model Early Work Applications BCI Approaches Current Projects
- 3. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology, in which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain and the computer. A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration in which a brain accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body. Computer-brain interfaces are designed to restore sensory function, transmit sensory information to the brain, or stimulate the brain through artificially generated electrical signals
- 6. Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex neurons, which control movement, were developed in 1970s. The first Intra-Cortical Brain-Computer Interface was built by implanting electrodes into monkeys. After conducting initial studies in rats during the 1990s, researchers developed Brain Computer Interfaces that decoded brain activity in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce movements in monkeys and used the devices to reproduce monkey movements in robotic arms.
- 10. Invasive-inside grey matter of brain Partially Invasive-inside the skull but outside the grey matter Non Invasive-outside the skull, on the scalp Thursday, October 16, 2014 BCI 10
- 11. Invasive BCI S Electrode inserted directly into grey matter Highest quality signal can obtain But are prone to scar-tissue build-up Thursday, October 16, 2014 BCI 11
- 12. Partially Invasive BCIs Implanted inside the skull but rest outside the grey matter of the brain Produce better resolution signals than non-invasive BCIs where the bone tissue of the cranium deflects and deforms signals Carry lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain than fully-invasive BCIs. Thursday, October 16, 2014 BCI 12
- 13. Non-Invasive BCIs low signal quality due to electrodes are not directly interact with neurons It is safest as no surgery required. EEG is widely used for this technique Thursday, October 16, 2014 BCI 13
- 14. • Provide disabled people with communication, environment control, and movement restoration. • Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheel chairs, vehicles, or assistance robots for people with disabilities. • Provide additional channel of control in computer games. • Monitor attention in long-distance drivers or aircraft pilots, send out alert and warning for aircraft pilots. • Develop intelligent relaxation devices.
- 15. • Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable situations (e.g., underwater or in extreme heat or cold). • Create a feedback loop to enhance the benefits of certain therapeutic methods. • Develop passive devices for monitoring function, such as monitoring long-term drug effects, evaluating psychological state, etc. • Monitor stages of sleep
- 16. • Bionics/Cybernetics • Memory Upload/Download • Dream Capture • Brain as a Computer • “Google Search” through brain
- 17. • BrainGate • BCI2000 • Bionic Eye • Honda Asimo Control • Kevin Warwick – The First Human Cyborg • Gaming Control • Many Others….
- 18. The sensor, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands.
- 19. Researchers have developed an interface for Honda's Asimo robot that allows individuals to control it simply by thinking.
- 20. Gaming control using a wearable and wireless EEG-based brain-computer interface device with novel dry foam-based sensors.
- 21. A visual prosthesis, often referred to as a bionic eye, is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness
- 23. • Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind • Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see • Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear • Allow gamers to control video games with their minds • Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer
- 24. • Research is still in beginning stages • The current technology is crude • Ethical issues may prevent its development • Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brain • Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain
- 25. • A potential therapeutic tool. • BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in areas like Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual reality and etc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology. • Several potential applications of BCI hold promise for rehabilitation and improving performance, such as treating emotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety), easing chronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities due to stroke. • Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon. • Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency.
- 26. REFERENCE • IEEE Transactions on Neural System and rehabilitation engineering • Brain computer interface in human journal of neural engineering • Brain wave science :http://www.brainwavescience.com/research .php