BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE
25 likes3,384 views
This document discusses brain-machine interfaces (BMI). A BMI establishes a communication link between the brain and external devices. Signals from the brain are detected via implants and transformed to control signals. There are invasive, partially invasive and non-invasive BMI approaches. A typical BMI system includes implant devices to detect brain signals, signal processing to analyze the signals, an external device to be controlled, and feedback. Potential applications include assisting people with disabilities and developing prosthetics. However, BMIs also face challenges regarding signal detection and processing.
BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE
- 1. SEMINAR BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE PRESENTED BY GUIDED BY SRUTHI.S.KUMAR MAHESWARI R ROLL NO:53 GUEST LUCTURER
- 2. INTRODUCTION Brain Machine interface is a new communication link between a functioning human brain and the outside world. Electronic interfaces with the brain that can send and receive signals from the brain. Signals from the brain are taken to brain via implants and transforms the mental decision to control signals
- 4. THE HUMAN BRAIN relevant part - cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex is responsible for many higher order functions like problem solving, language comprehension and processing of complex visual information.
- 5. MAIN PRINCIPLE Bioelectrical activity of nerves and muscles . When the neuron fires, there is a voltage change across the cell which is monitored and analyzed. A neuron depolarizes to generate an impulse; this action causes changes in the electric field around the neuron. 1 for impulse generated and 0 for no impulse
- 6. BMI APPROACHES 1. Pattern recognition approach based on mental tasks. 2. Operant conditioning approach based on the self-regulation of the EEG response.
- 8. 1.INVASIVE directly implanted into the grey matter. produce the highest quality signals prone to building up of scar- tissue
- 9. 2.PARTIALLY INVASIVE Implanted inside the skull but rest outside. produce better resolution signals than non-invasive BCIs Electrocorticography (ECoG) uses the same technology, the electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the cortex.
- 10. 3.NON INVASIVE Electroencephalography-recording is obtained by placing electrodes on the scalp with a conductive gel or paste. FMRI(Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) exploits the changes in the magnetic properties of hemoglobin as it carries oxygen. Activation of a part of the brain increases oxygen levels there increasing the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin.
- 11. BLOCK DIAGRAM
- 12. MAIN PARTS IMPLANT DEVICES SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION EXTERNAL DEVICE FEEDBACK SECTION
- 13. 1.IMPLANT DEVICES Implanted array of microelectrodes into the frontal and parietal lobes. provide the electrical contact between the skin which transforms the ionic current on the skin to the electrical current in the wires.
- 15. 2.SIGNAL PROCESSING MULTICHANNEL ACQUISITION SYSTEMS At this section amplification, initial filtering of EEG signal and possible artifact removal takes place. SPIKE DETECTION Spike detection will allow the BMI to transmit only the action potential waveforms. SIGNAL ANALYSIS In this stage, certain features are extracted from the preprocessed and digitized EEG signal which are input to the classifier. Classifier recognize different mental tasks.
- 16. 3.EXTERNAL DEVICES The classifier’s output is the input for the device control. The device control simply transforms the classification to a particular action. Examples are robotic arm, thought controlled wheel chair etc
- 17. 4.FEEDBACK Feedback is needed for learning and for control. In the BMIs based on the operant conditioning approach, feedback training is essential for the user to acquire the control of his or her EEG response. The BMIs based on the pattern recognition approach and using mental tasks do not definitely require feedback training.
- 18. PROS AND CONS Can help people The signals are with inabilities to weak and are prone control wheel chairs to interference . or other devices Surgery to brain with brain activity. might be risky and To develop better cause brain death. sensing system. There are chemical BCIs are linguistic reactions involved in independent and can brain which BCI be used any where devices cannot pick across the world. up.
- 19. APPLICATION 1. Auditory and visual prosthesis 2.Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) 3.Prosthetic limb control
- 20. PROJECTS Honda Asimo Control
- 21. 2.Gaming control 3.Brain gate 4.Bionic eye
- 22. CONCLUSION A potential therapeutic tool. Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a method of communication based on voluntary neural activity generated by the brain. have the ability to give people back their lost capabilities.
- 23. REFERENCES P. Sajda, K-R. Mueller, and K.V. Shenoy, eds., special issue, “Brain Computer Interfaces,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,Jan. 2008 Wolpaw, J.R. et al. (2002) Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control. Clin. Neurophysiol. 113, 767–791 Birbaumer, N. (2006) Brain–computer-interface research: coming of age. Clin. Neurophysiol. 117, 479–483 www.betterhumans.com www.howstuffworks.com