RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS: ENHANCING PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONALITY
- 1. RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS Dnyanda R. Bopche, Divya P. Janbandhu Subject: Cosmetic Science, B. Pharm Final Year Guide Name: Chandrashekhar M. Chakole Bajiraoji Karanjekar College OF Pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist. Bhandara M.S.-441802 Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University
- 2. • Definition • Types Of Rheology Modifiers • Function Of Rheology Modifiers • Ingredients • Compatibility & Formulation Consideration • Application CONTENTS:
- 3. RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS: Rheology modifiers play a crucial role in cosmetic formulations by controlling the • Flow Properties • Stability • Texture of product Definition: Rheology modifiers are substance added to cosmetic to adjust their flow behaviour, viscosity & texture. They influence the products thickness, spreadability & stability.
- 4. TYPES OF RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS: Thickeners: Increase viscosity to enhance product stability & provide a desired texture. Ex. Carbomer, xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) Gelling Agent: Form gels to stabilize emulsion & improve product consistency & structure. Ex. Carbomer, agar , gelatin. Emulsion Stabilizers: Maintain the stability of o/w or w/o emulsion. Ex. Lecithin, sorbitan esters, polysorbates Suspension Agents: Prevent settling of particles on formulation like suspension or scrubs. Ex. Bentonite, Magnesium , Aluminium silica Film Formers: Create thin film on the skin, enhancing product adherence & durability. Ex. Acrylates copolymer & polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) Viscosity Modifiers: These adjust viscosity without significantly altering other properties. Ex. Include glycols such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol
- 5. FUNCTIONS OF RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS: Viscosity control: Adjust the thickness and flow property of the product for easier application & better adherence to the skin. Texture Modification: Enhance the sensory experience by imparting smoothness, creaminess or richness to the formulation. Stability enhancement: Improve product stability by preventing phase separation, syneresis or crystallization. Suspension & Dispersion: Keep solid particles evenly distributed within the formulation to ensure uniform application & appearance.
- 6. COMMONLY USED INGREDIENTS: Polymer - Carbomer - Cellulose Derivatives - Acrylates copolymer Clays -Bentonite -Hectorite Silicon Based Compound - Dimethicone -Cyclomethicone Natural ingredients -Gum - seaweed extract -starches Other functional ingredients - Cross linking agents -Hydrating Agents - Surfactant
- 7. 1. Polymer: a) Cellulose derivatives: Examples include hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), Methyl cellulose (MC). They offer thickening properties and are often used in creams, lotion, & hair care products. b) Acrylates copolymer: These versatile polymers provides viscosity control & film forming properties. They are used in various cosmetic formulation such as hair gels, styling products & sunscreens . c) Carbomers: These synthetic polymer are highly effective thickness used in emulsion & gels. They provide excellent viscosity control & stabilize emulsion by forming a network of polymer chains. 2. Clays: a) Bentonite: A natural clay mineral with excellent thyrotrophic properties, bentonite thickness formulation & provide stability to emulsions. It is commonly used in masks, creams & body wraps. b) Hectorite: Similar to bentonite, hectorite is a clay mineral that imparts viscosity & stabilizes emulsion. It is known for it`s shear-thinning behaviour, making it ideal for suspension & gels.
- 8. 3. Silicone-based compound: a) Dimethicone: A widely used silicone oil with excellent lubricating properties, dimethicone improves spredability and provides a silky, non- greasy feel to formulations. Its commonly found in skincare products, hair conditioners & making primers. b) Cyclomethicone: A volatile silicone fluid that evaporates quickly upon application, cyclomethicone enhance the texture and sensory feel of products, especially in hair care & skincare formulations. 4.Natural ingredients: a) Gums : Natural gums like xanthan gum , and gun agar are polysaccharides derived from plants. They act as effective thickness and stabilizers in cosmetics formulation providing a creamy texture and enhancing product stability. b) Seaweed Extracts: Alginate, derived from seaweed, is a natural gelling agent use in products like masks & creams. It forms a flexible film on the skin , imparting a smooth & moisturizing . c) Starches: Commonly derived from corn tapioca, starches like corn starch are used as natural thickness & adsorbents in powders, dry shampoo and body powders.
- 9. 5. Other Functional Ingredients a) Crossing agents: These substance enhances the network structure of polymers, improving the stability & rheological properties of formulation. b) Surfactant: Some surfactants have rheology-modifying properties, altering the viscosity & texture of formulation while also serving as emulsifier or cleansing agent . c) Hydrating agents: Ingredients like glycerine and hyaluronic acid not only moisturize the skin but also contribute to the rheology of formulations by affecting their viscosity & spreadability.
- 10. Compatibility & Formulation Consideration Interaction with other ingredients: Rheology modifiers should be compatible with modifiers should be compatible with other components in the formulation to avoid destabilization or alteration of product performance. Processing condition: Some modifiers may require specific processing condition like temperature or pH for optimal performance. Regulatory & Safety considerations: Ensure selected modifiers comply with regulatory standards & are safe for use in cosmetics .
- 11. Application Areas : Skincare: Creams, Lotions, Serums Hair care: Shampoos, Conditioners, Styling products Makeup: Foundations, Mascaras, Lipsticks Sunscreen: Lotion, sprays, sticks
- 12. a) Skincare: Rheology modifiers help to control the viscosity of creams and lotions, ensuring smooth application, easy spreadability and desirable texture. They contribute to the overall sensory experience and absorption of the product into the skin. b) Hair care: Rheology modifiers are used in haircare products such as shampoos, conditioners & styling products to enhance texture, manageability & performance. They help to control product flow, improve adherence to hair strands & provide desired styling effects. c) Makeup: Rheology modifiers help to control viscosity and texture of mascaras & eyeliners, alloying for precise application & adherence to lashes & eyelids. They contribute to the formulation`s ability to coat & define lashes & create desired effects. d) Sunscreen Formulation: In sunscreen product, rheology modifiers help achieve the desired consistency & spreadability, ensuring even application & effective coverage. They contribute to the formulation ability to adhere to the skin & provide protection against UV rays. e) Emulsions: Emulsifiers, which are a type of rheology modifier, stabilize emulsion in cosmetic formulation. They ensure the uniform dispersion of oil & water phases, preventing phase separation & enhancing products stability. Emulsion include creams, lotions, serum & moisturizers.
- 13. References 1. Braun , D. B., & Rosen , M. R. (2013). Rheology modifiers Handbook. East Norwich, New York: William Andrew. https://books.google.com/books/about/Rheology_Modifiers_Handbook.html?id=eMdy8qfpbhQC#v=onepage&q=rheology%20mo difiers&f=false 2. Mittal , B. M., & Saha, R. N. (2000). A Handbook Of Cosmetics . Delhi: Delhi Vallabh Prakashan . 3. Nanda, S., Nanda, A., & Khar, R. (2022). Cosmetic Technology. Birla. 4. Velasquez, J., Forsberg, O., Zuberbuehler, A., & Muresan, S. (2017). Surfactants as Rheology Modifires -Cationic Thickeners. Sofw Journal, 10/17.
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