RIVER OF ICE
- 1. RIVER OF ICE
- 2. ▪ A glacier is a large long lasting masses of ice formed on land that masses down hill under its on way. ● Glacier is the part of earth’s hydrosphere. ● Along with the sea ice glacier are know as the cryosphere. RIVER OF ICE:
- 3. ● They fall into two general group based on their form size and flow characteristics GROUP OF GLACIER: CONTINENTAL GLACIER ALPINE GLACIER
- 4. ● A glacier that is surrounded by mountains is called an alpine or mountain glacier. ● Glaciated valley are through like U-shaped with board floors and relatively smooth, and steep sides ● The valleys may contain littered debris or debris shaped as moraines with swampy appearance. ● There may be taken gouged out of rocky floor or formed by debris within the valley. ALPINE GLACIER: Crevasses in a glacier in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. Source: Bernard Spragg (2008)
- 5. Cirque Glacier: Bowl like hollow structure are called cirque glaciers. They are formed inside the mountains and tend to move towards the valley. A glacier that that forms in a cirque is a cirque glacier. Piedmont Glacier: When the steep valley glaciers spill into flat plains, then a piedmont glacier occurs e.g Malaspine glacier that fall into Yakutat bay, Alaska. Hanging glacier: When the major valley glacier thins out, that becomes hanging glacier. Tidewater glacier: These are valley glaciers that reach the sea, and they provide breeding habitat for seal. These glaciers are the ones that form small iceberg
- 6. Alpine glacier are found in high mountain of every continent except Australia. The Gorner glacier in Switzerland and furtwanlgler glacier and mount Kilimanjaro glacier Tanzania are both typical alpine glacier furtwanlgler glacier Mount Kilimanjaro Gorner glacier
- 7. ● The ice generally absorbs all other colors of the spectrum except blue. So, you will see that glaciers reflect mainly the blue color. ● If all the ice melted due to global warming, the sea level would have been 230 feet, INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ALPINE GLACIER:
- 8. ● Continental glaciers are those vast masses of ice sheets covering stretches of land. Such glaciers flow over large areas that are unconfined, where they bury the landscapes underneath ● Today, continental glaciers are only present in extreme polar regions: Antarctica and Greenland Historically, continental glaciers also covered large regions of Canada Europe, and Asia, and they are responsible for many distinctive topographic features in these regions. • The ice sheet of blanket 81% of Greenland and 90% of Antarctica. CONTINENTAL GLACIER:
- 9. Simplified cross-section profiles of the Antarctic and Greenland continental ice sheets. Both ice sheets are drawn to the same scale (exaggerated in the vertical direction)
- 10. ● Continent glaciers can form and grow when climate conditions in a region cool over extended periods of time. Snow can build up over time in regions that do not warm up seasonally, and if the snow accumulates in vast amounts, it can compact under its own weight and form ice FORMATION AND FLOW: Cross-section showing ice-flow in the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Source: Steven Earle (2015) CC BY 4.0
- 11. ● Continental glaciers generally cover areas that are flat, but the force of gravity still acts on them and causes them to flow. Continental glacier ice flows from the region where it is thickest toward the edges where it is thinner. MOVEMENT:
- 12. ● An ice cap is the glacier ,a thick layer of ice and snow that covers fewer than 50,000sq.km ● Ice cap in high altitude region are often called Polar ice cap ● Polar ice cap are made of different material on different plant. Earth’s ice cap’s are mostly water based ice. ICE CAP: Beneath the brim of Norway's largest ice cap. Transantarctic mountain range of Antarctica
- 13. ● An interconnected series of ice caps and glaciers is called an ice field. One of the largest ice fields in the world is the Patagonian ice field, at the tip of South America. The ice fields are part of a landscape interrupted by fish farms and dams. ICE FIELD: Patagonian ice field a valley glacier which drains an inland ice sheet or ice cap and flows through a gap in peripheral mountains. OUTLET GLACIER:
- 14. Glaciers are an essential indicator of the study of environmental change, thereby making people aware of the increasing global warming. Due to the continuously growing industrialization, and use of automobiles, there is a rising graph of air pollution triggered by the emission of carbon monoxide and other harmful greenhouse gases. The outcome of all these is the catastrophic increase in global warming and greenhouse gases. IMPORTANCE OF CONTINENTAL GLACIER:
- 15. Glaciers come in a huge range of shapes and sizes. Different glaciers, and even different parts of the same glacier, can have a variety of different thermal, hydrological and dynamic characteristics. Glaciers occur in locations ranging from the poles to the equator, and most parts of the world have experienced the direct effects of glaciation at some time in the past. Glaciers currently occupy less of the planet than they have done in geological history, but nevertheless exert a profound influence on the global environment. Our developing understanding of glaciers will play an important role in our understanding of the global environmental system CONCLUSION: