The document discusses several key technologies used at Google to enable distributed computing at large scales: 1) Google File System (GFS) provides a scalable distributed file system. 2) Bigtable provides a structured storage system for large datasets. 3) MapReduce provides a programming model for processing vast amounts of data in parallel across large clusters. 4) Chubby provides a distributed lock service. These systems address the challenges of building reliable services using unreliable commodity hardware.