![Index by each word
A quick Ruby Tutorial, Part 3
class WordIndex
def initialize
@index = {}
end
def add_to_index(obj, *phrases)
phrases.each do |phrase|
phrase.scan(/w[-w']+/) do |word| # extract each word
word.downcase!
COMP313 @index[word] = [] if @index[word].nil?
@index[word].push(obj)
Source: Programming Ruby, The Pragmatic end
end
Programmers’ Guide by Dave Thomas, Chad end
def lookup(word)
Fowler, and Andy Hunt @index[word.downcase]
end
end
Add full index to SongList Ranges
class SongList 1..10
def initialize 'a'..'z'
@songs = Array.new my_array = [ 1, 2, 3 ]
@index = WordIndex.new 0...my_array.length
end
def append(song) (1..10).to_a [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
@songs.push(song) ('bar'..'bat').to_a ["bar", "bas", "bat"]
@index.add_to_index(song, song.name, song.artist)
self digits = 0..9
end digits.include?(5) true
def lookup(word) digits.min 0
@index.lookup(word) digits.max 9
end digits.reject {|i| i < 5 } [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
end digits.each {|digit| dial(digit) } 0..9
Range example: VU meter
class VU
VU Ranges / Ranges in conditions
include Comparable
attr :volume
def initialize(volume) # 0..9 medium_volume = VU.new(4)..VU.new(7)
@volume = volume medium_volume.to_a [####, #####, ######, #######]
end
medium_volume.include?(VU.new(3)) false
def inspect
'#' * @volume
end (1..10) === 5 true
# Support for ranges
(1..10) === 15 false
def <=>(other)
self.volume <=> other.volume (1..10) === 3.14159 true
end ('a'..'j') === 'c' true
def succ
raise(IndexError, "Volume too big") if @volume >= 9
('a'..'j') === 'z' false
VU.new(@volume.succ)
end
end
1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2621938/85/ruby3_6up-1-320.jpg)
![Regular expressions Special vars $` $& $’
a = Regexp.new('^s*[a-z]') /^s*[a-z]/ def show_regexp(a, re)
if a =~ re
b = /^s*[a-z]/ /^s*[a-z]/
"#{$`}<<#{$&}>>#{$'}"
c = %r{^s*[a-z]} /^s*[a-z]/ else
"no match"
end
end
name = "Fats Waller"
name =~ /a/ 1 show_regexp('very interesting', /t/) very in<<t>>eresting
show_regexp('Fats Waller', /a/) F<<a>>ts Waller
name =~ /z/ nil
show_regexp('Fats Waller', /ll/) Fats Wa<<ll>>er
/a/ =~ name 1 show_regexp('Fats Waller', /z/) no match
Special chars, anchors More RegExps
., |, (, ), [, ], {, }, +, , ^, $, *, and ? show_regexp('Price $12.', /[aeiou]/) Pr<<i>>ce $12.
show_regexp('Price $12.', /[s]/) Price<< >>$12.
show_regexp('kangaroo', /angar/) k<<angar>>oo show_regexp('Price $12.', /[[:digit:]]/) Price $<<1>>2.
show_regexp('Price $12.', /[[:space:]]/) Price<< >>$12.
show_regexp('!@%&-_=+', /%&/) !@<<%&>>-_=+
show_regexp('Price $12.', /[[:punct:]aeiou]/) Pr<<i>>ce $12.
show_regexp("this isnthe time", /^the/) this isn<<the>> time
a = 'see [Design Patterns-page 123]'
show_regexp("this isnthe time", /is$/) this <<is>>nthe time show_regexp(a, /[A-F]/) see [<<D>>esign Patterns-page 123]
show_regexp("this isnthe time", /Athis/) <<this>> isnthe time show_regexp(a, /[A-Fa-f]/) s<<e>>e [Design Patterns-page 123]
show_regexp("this isnthe time", /Athe/) no match show_regexp(a, /[0-9]/) see [Design Patterns-page <<1>>23]
show_regexp(a, /[0-9][0-9]/) see [Design Patterns-page <<12>>3]
character classes Repetition
d [0-9] Digit character r* matches zero or more occurrences of r.
D [^0-9] Any character except a digit r+ matches one or more occurrences of r.
s [ trnf] Whitespace character r? matches zero or one occurrence of r.
S [^ trnf] Any character except whitespace r{m,n} matches at least m and at most n occurrences of r.
w [A-Za-z0-9_] Word character r{m,} matches at least m occurrences of r.
W [^A-Za-z0-9_] Any character except a word character r{m} matches exactly m occurrences of r.
/ab+/ matches ab, abb, abbbb, …
/(ab)+/ matches ab, abab, ababab, …
/a*/ matches everything (why?)
2](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2621938/85/ruby3_6up-2-320.jpg)
![Greedy matching/Alternatives Groupings
a = "The moon is made of cheese" show_regexp('banana', /an*/) b<<an>>ana
show_regexp(a, /w+/) <<The>> moon is made of cheese show_regexp('banana', /(an)*/) <<>>banana
show_regexp(a, /s.*s/) The<< moon is made of >>cheese show_regexp('banana', /(an)+/) b<<anan>>a
show_regexp(a, /s.*?s/) The<< moon >>is made of cheese
a = 'red ball blue sky'
show_regexp(a, /[aeiou]{2,99}/) The m<<oo>>n is made of
show_regexp(a, /blue|red/) <<red>> ball blue sky
cheese
show_regexp(a, /(blue|red) w+/) <<red ball>> blue sky
show_regexp(a, /(red|blue) w+/) <<red ball>> blue sky
a = "red ball blue sky"
show_regexp(a, /red|blue w+/) <<red>> ball blue sky
show_regexp(a, /d|e/) r<<e>>d ball blue sky show_regexp(a, /red (ball|angry) sky/) no match a = 'the red angry sky'
show_regexp(a, /al|lu/) red b<<al>>l blue sky show_regexp(a, /red (ball|angry) sky/) the <<red angry sky>>
show_regexp(a, /red ball|angry sky/) <<red ball>> blue sky
Groupings collect matches Match inside with 1,…
"12:50am" =~ /(dd):(dd)(..)/ 0 # match duplicated letter
"Hour is #$1, minute #$2" "Hour is 12, minute 50" show_regexp('He said "Hello"', /(w)1/) He said "He<<ll>>o"
# match duplicated substrings
"12:50am" =~ /((dd):(dd))(..)/ 0 show_regexp('Mississippi', /(w+)1/) M<<ississ>>ippi
"Time is #$1" "Time is 12:50"
"Hour is #$2, minute #$3"
"Hour is 12, minute 50" show_regexp('He said "Hello"', /(["']).*?1/) He said <<"Hello">>
"AM/PM is #$4" "AM/PM is am" show_regexp("He said 'Hello'", /(["']).*?1/) He said <<'Hello'>>
Substitute patterns Upcase every first char
a = "the quick brown fox" def mixed_case(name)
a.sub(/[aeiou]/, '*') "th* quick brown fox" name.gsub(/bw/) {|word| word.upcase }
a.gsub(/[aeiou]/, '*') "th* q**ck br*wn f*x" end
a.sub(/sS+/, '') "the brown fox"
a.gsub(/sS+/, '') "the" mixed_case("fats waller") "Fats Waller"
mixed_case("louis armstrong") "Louis Armstrong"
a.sub(/^./) {|match| match.upcase } "The quick brown fox" mixed_case("strength in numbers") "Strength In Numbers"
a.gsub(/[aeiou]/) {|vowel| vowel.upcase } "thE qUIck brOwn fOx"
3](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2621938/85/ruby3_6up-3-320.jpg)
![Classes behind regexps optional args for methods
re = /(d+):(d+)/ # match a time hh:mm def cool_dude(arg1="Miles", arg2="Coltrane", arg3="Roach")
re.class -> Regexp "#{arg1}, #{arg2}, #{arg3}."
md = re.match("Time: 12:34am") end
md.class MatchData
md[0] "12:34" # $& cool_dude "Miles, Coltrane, Roach."
md[1] "12" # $1 cool_dude("Bart") "Bart, Coltrane, Roach."
md[2] "34" # $2 cool_dude("Bart", "Elwood") "Bart, Elwood, Roach."
md.pre_match "Time: ” # $` cool_dude("Bart", "Elwood", "Linus") "Bart, Elwood, Linus."
md.post_match "am" # $’
Variable number of args code blocks again
def varargs(arg1, *rest) def take_block(p1)
"Got #{arg1} and #{rest.join(', ')}" if block_given?
end yield(p1)
else
varargs("one") "Got one and " p1
varargs("one", "two") "Got one and two" end
varargs "one", "two", "three" "Got one and two, three" end
take_block("no block") "no block"
take_block("no block") {|s| s.sub(/no /, ‘’) } "block"
Capture block explicitly Calling a method
class TaxCalculator connection.download_MP3("jitterbug") {|p| show_progress(p) }
def initialize(name, &block)
@name, @block = name, block File.size("testfile") 66
end Math.sin(Math::PI/4) 0.707106781186548
def get_tax(amount)
"#@name on #{amount} = #{ @block.call(amount) }"
self.class Object
end
self.frozen? false
end
frozen? false
tc = TaxCalculator.new("Sales tax") {|amt| amt * 0.075 } self.object_id 969948
tc.get_tax(100) "Sales tax on 100 = 7.5" object_id 969948
tc.get_tax(250) "Sales tax on 250 = 18.75"
4](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2621938/85/ruby3_6up-4-320.jpg)
![Multiple return values Expanding arrays into args
def some_method def five(a, b, c, d, e)
100.times do |num| "I was passed #{a} #{b} #{c} #{d} #{e}"
square = num*num end
return num, square if square > 1000
end
five(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) "I was passed 1 2 3 4 5"
end
five(1, 2, 3, *['a', 'b']) "I was passed 1 2 3 a b"
five(*(10..14).to_a) "I was passed 10 11 12 13 14"
some_method [32, 1024]
num, square = some_method
num 32
square 1024
& for procedure objects Keyword args: use Hash
print "(t)imes or (p)lus: " class SongList
times = gets def create_search(name, params)
print "number: "
# ...
number = Integer(gets)
if times =~ /^t/ end
calc = lambda {|n| n*number } end
else
calc = lambda {|n| n+number }
list.create_search("short jazz songs", { 'genre' => "jazz",
end
'duration_less_than' => 270 })
puts((1..10).collect(&calc).join(", "))
(t)imes or (p)lus: t list.create_search('short jazz songs', 'genre' => 'jazz',
number: 2 'duration_less_than' => 270)
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
Expression fun More expressions
a=b=c=0 0 rating = case votes_cast
[ 3, 1, 7, 0 ].sort.reverse [7, 3, 1, 0] when 0...10 then Rating::SkipThisOne
song_type = if song.mp3_type == MP3::Jazz when 10...50 then Rating::CouldDoBetter
if song.written < Date.new(1935, 1, 1) else Rating::Rave
Song::TradJazz end
else
Song::Jazz
end command expressions:
else `date` "Mon Jan 16 22:32:17 CST 2006n"
Song::Other
end
5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2621938/85/ruby3_6up-5-320.jpg)
ruby3_6up
- 1. Index by each word A quick Ruby Tutorial, Part 3 class WordIndex def initialize @index = {} end def add_to_index(obj, *phrases) phrases.each do |phrase| phrase.scan(/w[-w']+/) do |word| # extract each word word.downcase! COMP313 @index[word] = [] if @index[word].nil? @index[word].push(obj) Source: Programming Ruby, The Pragmatic end end Programmers’ Guide by Dave Thomas, Chad end def lookup(word) Fowler, and Andy Hunt @index[word.downcase] end end Add full index to SongList Ranges class SongList 1..10 def initialize 'a'..'z' @songs = Array.new my_array = [ 1, 2, 3 ] @index = WordIndex.new 0...my_array.length end def append(song) (1..10).to_a [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] @songs.push(song) ('bar'..'bat').to_a ["bar", "bas", "bat"] @index.add_to_index(song, song.name, song.artist) self digits = 0..9 end digits.include?(5) true def lookup(word) digits.min 0 @index.lookup(word) digits.max 9 end digits.reject {|i| i < 5 } [5, 6, 7, 8, 9] end digits.each {|digit| dial(digit) } 0..9 Range example: VU meter class VU VU Ranges / Ranges in conditions include Comparable attr :volume def initialize(volume) # 0..9 medium_volume = VU.new(4)..VU.new(7) @volume = volume medium_volume.to_a [####, #####, ######, #######] end medium_volume.include?(VU.new(3)) false def inspect '#' * @volume end (1..10) === 5 true # Support for ranges (1..10) === 15 false def <=>(other) self.volume <=> other.volume (1..10) === 3.14159 true end ('a'..'j') === 'c' true def succ raise(IndexError, "Volume too big") if @volume >= 9 ('a'..'j') === 'z' false VU.new(@volume.succ) end end 1
- 2. Regular expressions Special vars $` $& $’ a = Regexp.new('^s*[a-z]') /^s*[a-z]/ def show_regexp(a, re) if a =~ re b = /^s*[a-z]/ /^s*[a-z]/ "#{$`}<<#{$&}>>#{$'}" c = %r{^s*[a-z]} /^s*[a-z]/ else "no match" end end name = "Fats Waller" name =~ /a/ 1 show_regexp('very interesting', /t/) very in<<t>>eresting show_regexp('Fats Waller', /a/) F<<a>>ts Waller name =~ /z/ nil show_regexp('Fats Waller', /ll/) Fats Wa<<ll>>er /a/ =~ name 1 show_regexp('Fats Waller', /z/) no match Special chars, anchors More RegExps ., |, (, ), [, ], {, }, +, , ^, $, *, and ? show_regexp('Price $12.', /[aeiou]/) Pr<<i>>ce $12. show_regexp('Price $12.', /[s]/) Price<< >>$12. show_regexp('kangaroo', /angar/) k<<angar>>oo show_regexp('Price $12.', /[[:digit:]]/) Price $<<1>>2. show_regexp('Price $12.', /[[:space:]]/) Price<< >>$12. show_regexp('!@%&-_=+', /%&/) !@<<%&>>-_=+ show_regexp('Price $12.', /[[:punct:]aeiou]/) Pr<<i>>ce $12. show_regexp("this isnthe time", /^the/) this isn<<the>> time a = 'see [Design Patterns-page 123]' show_regexp("this isnthe time", /is$/) this <<is>>nthe time show_regexp(a, /[A-F]/) see [<<D>>esign Patterns-page 123] show_regexp("this isnthe time", /Athis/) <<this>> isnthe time show_regexp(a, /[A-Fa-f]/) s<<e>>e [Design Patterns-page 123] show_regexp("this isnthe time", /Athe/) no match show_regexp(a, /[0-9]/) see [Design Patterns-page <<1>>23] show_regexp(a, /[0-9][0-9]/) see [Design Patterns-page <<12>>3] character classes Repetition d [0-9] Digit character r* matches zero or more occurrences of r. D [^0-9] Any character except a digit r+ matches one or more occurrences of r. s [ trnf] Whitespace character r? matches zero or one occurrence of r. S [^ trnf] Any character except whitespace r{m,n} matches at least m and at most n occurrences of r. w [A-Za-z0-9_] Word character r{m,} matches at least m occurrences of r. W [^A-Za-z0-9_] Any character except a word character r{m} matches exactly m occurrences of r. /ab+/ matches ab, abb, abbbb, … /(ab)+/ matches ab, abab, ababab, … /a*/ matches everything (why?) 2
- 3. Greedy matching/Alternatives Groupings a = "The moon is made of cheese" show_regexp('banana', /an*/) b<<an>>ana show_regexp(a, /w+/) <<The>> moon is made of cheese show_regexp('banana', /(an)*/) <<>>banana show_regexp(a, /s.*s/) The<< moon is made of >>cheese show_regexp('banana', /(an)+/) b<<anan>>a show_regexp(a, /s.*?s/) The<< moon >>is made of cheese a = 'red ball blue sky' show_regexp(a, /[aeiou]{2,99}/) The m<<oo>>n is made of show_regexp(a, /blue|red/) <<red>> ball blue sky cheese show_regexp(a, /(blue|red) w+/) <<red ball>> blue sky show_regexp(a, /(red|blue) w+/) <<red ball>> blue sky a = "red ball blue sky" show_regexp(a, /red|blue w+/) <<red>> ball blue sky show_regexp(a, /d|e/) r<<e>>d ball blue sky show_regexp(a, /red (ball|angry) sky/) no match a = 'the red angry sky' show_regexp(a, /al|lu/) red b<<al>>l blue sky show_regexp(a, /red (ball|angry) sky/) the <<red angry sky>> show_regexp(a, /red ball|angry sky/) <<red ball>> blue sky Groupings collect matches Match inside with 1,… "12:50am" =~ /(dd):(dd)(..)/ 0 # match duplicated letter "Hour is #$1, minute #$2" "Hour is 12, minute 50" show_regexp('He said "Hello"', /(w)1/) He said "He<<ll>>o" # match duplicated substrings "12:50am" =~ /((dd):(dd))(..)/ 0 show_regexp('Mississippi', /(w+)1/) M<<ississ>>ippi "Time is #$1" "Time is 12:50" "Hour is #$2, minute #$3" "Hour is 12, minute 50" show_regexp('He said "Hello"', /(["']).*?1/) He said <<"Hello">> "AM/PM is #$4" "AM/PM is am" show_regexp("He said 'Hello'", /(["']).*?1/) He said <<'Hello'>> Substitute patterns Upcase every first char a = "the quick brown fox" def mixed_case(name) a.sub(/[aeiou]/, '*') "th* quick brown fox" name.gsub(/bw/) {|word| word.upcase } a.gsub(/[aeiou]/, '*') "th* q**ck br*wn f*x" end a.sub(/sS+/, '') "the brown fox" a.gsub(/sS+/, '') "the" mixed_case("fats waller") "Fats Waller" mixed_case("louis armstrong") "Louis Armstrong" a.sub(/^./) {|match| match.upcase } "The quick brown fox" mixed_case("strength in numbers") "Strength In Numbers" a.gsub(/[aeiou]/) {|vowel| vowel.upcase } "thE qUIck brOwn fOx" 3
- 4. Classes behind regexps optional args for methods re = /(d+):(d+)/ # match a time hh:mm def cool_dude(arg1="Miles", arg2="Coltrane", arg3="Roach") re.class -> Regexp "#{arg1}, #{arg2}, #{arg3}." md = re.match("Time: 12:34am") end md.class MatchData md[0] "12:34" # $& cool_dude "Miles, Coltrane, Roach." md[1] "12" # $1 cool_dude("Bart") "Bart, Coltrane, Roach." md[2] "34" # $2 cool_dude("Bart", "Elwood") "Bart, Elwood, Roach." md.pre_match "Time: ” # $` cool_dude("Bart", "Elwood", "Linus") "Bart, Elwood, Linus." md.post_match "am" # $’ Variable number of args code blocks again def varargs(arg1, *rest) def take_block(p1) "Got #{arg1} and #{rest.join(', ')}" if block_given? end yield(p1) else varargs("one") "Got one and " p1 varargs("one", "two") "Got one and two" end varargs "one", "two", "three" "Got one and two, three" end take_block("no block") "no block" take_block("no block") {|s| s.sub(/no /, ‘’) } "block" Capture block explicitly Calling a method class TaxCalculator connection.download_MP3("jitterbug") {|p| show_progress(p) } def initialize(name, &block) @name, @block = name, block File.size("testfile") 66 end Math.sin(Math::PI/4) 0.707106781186548 def get_tax(amount) "#@name on #{amount} = #{ @block.call(amount) }" self.class Object end self.frozen? false end frozen? false tc = TaxCalculator.new("Sales tax") {|amt| amt * 0.075 } self.object_id 969948 tc.get_tax(100) "Sales tax on 100 = 7.5" object_id 969948 tc.get_tax(250) "Sales tax on 250 = 18.75" 4
- 5. Multiple return values Expanding arrays into args def some_method def five(a, b, c, d, e) 100.times do |num| "I was passed #{a} #{b} #{c} #{d} #{e}" square = num*num end return num, square if square > 1000 end five(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) "I was passed 1 2 3 4 5" end five(1, 2, 3, *['a', 'b']) "I was passed 1 2 3 a b" five(*(10..14).to_a) "I was passed 10 11 12 13 14" some_method [32, 1024] num, square = some_method num 32 square 1024 & for procedure objects Keyword args: use Hash print "(t)imes or (p)lus: " class SongList times = gets def create_search(name, params) print "number: " # ... number = Integer(gets) if times =~ /^t/ end calc = lambda {|n| n*number } end else calc = lambda {|n| n+number } list.create_search("short jazz songs", { 'genre' => "jazz", end 'duration_less_than' => 270 }) puts((1..10).collect(&calc).join(", ")) (t)imes or (p)lus: t list.create_search('short jazz songs', 'genre' => 'jazz', number: 2 'duration_less_than' => 270) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 Expression fun More expressions a=b=c=0 0 rating = case votes_cast [ 3, 1, 7, 0 ].sort.reverse [7, 3, 1, 0] when 0...10 then Rating::SkipThisOne song_type = if song.mp3_type == MP3::Jazz when 10...50 then Rating::CouldDoBetter if song.written < Date.new(1935, 1, 1) else Rating::Rave Song::TradJazz end else Song::Jazz end command expressions: else `date` "Mon Jan 16 22:32:17 CST 2006n" Song::Other end 5