Running head A PBR APPLICATION FOR AN INTERIOR SURFACE COATING FA.docx

Running head: A PBR APPLICATION FOR AN INTERIOR
SURFACE COATING FACILITY 1
A PBR APPLICATION FOR AN INTERIOR SURFACE
COATING FACILITY 2
A Permit by Rule (PBR) Application for an Interior Surface
Coating Facility
[Student name here…remove brackets, too]
Columbia Southern University
Abstract
Block one full paragraph (no indenting the first line). Provide
one full sentence each week as you complete a level 1 heading
section, describing what material or calculations were presented
in that section. By the time the week eight material is complete,
you will have eight sentences in this abstract (one for each
week).
A Permit by Rule (PBR) Application for an Interior Surface
Coating Facility
General Considerations for Operation
Start typing here for Unit 2 in non-italicized font, citing
with CSU APA Citation Guide p. 6 styled citations to defend
what you state as fact. Follow the Study Guide calculation
instructions carefully. Remove the remaining blank sections
before submittal each week.

VOC and ES Content per Vehicle
Blank for Units 2-8. Fill this in for Unit 3. Be sure and show
(illustrate) your actual mathematical calculations for Units 3-7
sections, rather than describe them. For example: 2.8 lbs/gal of
VOC x 10.0 gal per vehicle = 28.0 lbs VOC/vehicle
Operational Air Emission Rates
Blank for Units 3-8. Fill this in for Unit 4.
Operational Face and Filter Velocities
VOC Content Minus Water and Exempt Solvents
Heater and Oven Combustion Emissions
Pollution Control Technologies
Blank for Unit 7. Fill this AND the next level 1 heading section
in for Unit 8.
Process Flow Diagram
Blank for Unit 7. Fill this AND the previous level 1 heading
section in for Unit 8.
References
Godish, T., Davis, W. T., & Fu, J. S. (2015). Air quality (5th
ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. (2011). Surface
coating facilities: A guide for
obtaining air authorization in Texas. Retrieved from
https://www.tceq.texas.gov/searchpage?cx=00488894483105157
1741%3Auk-
3yh4pey8&cof=FORID%3A11&q=Surface+Coating+Facilit
ies%3A+A+Guide+for+Obt aining+Air+Auth
orization+in+Texas
List additional references here alphabetically. Be sure and
double-space and hang-indent each
subsequent line for each reference entry, formatting to
CSU APA Citation Guide

pp. 8-12.
Topic-The impact of bullying behaviors on children both as
bullies and victims
· Copeland, W. E., PhD, Wolke, D., PhD, Angold, A.,
MRCPsych, & Costello, E. J., PhD. (2013). Adult psychiatric
outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood
and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(4), 419. Retrieved
from https://search-proquest-
com.portal.lib.fit.edu/docview/1324573596?accountid=27313
· Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., Stallings, R., & Ttofi, M. M.
(2011). Bullying perpetration and victimization as predictors of
delinquency and depression in the pittsburgh youth
study. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace
Research, 3(2), 74-81.
//dx.doi.org.portal.lib.fit.edu/10.1108/17596591111132882
Retrieved from https://search-proquest-
· Mishna, F., McInroy, L. B., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Bhole, P.,
Van Wert, M., Schwan, K., . . . Johnston, D. (2016). Prevalence,
motivations, and social, mental health and health consequences
of cyberbullying among school-aged children and youth:
Protocol of a longitudinal and multi-perspective mixed method
study. JMIR Research Protocols, 5(2), e83.
//dx.doi.org.portal.lib.fit.edu/10.2196/resprot.5292 Retrieved
· Strøm, I. F., Aakvaag, H. F., Birkeland, M. S., Felix, E., &
Thoresen, S. (2018). The mediating role of shame in the
relationship between childhood bullying victimization and adult
psychosocial adjustment. European Journal of

Psychotraumatology, 9(1), 1418570.
//dx.doi.org.portal.lib.fit.edu/10.1080/20008198.2017.1418570
Mccusker Week 3 Assignment
The two research studies can be defined as being correlational.
This can be said to be true because the researchers had an
opportunity to investigate the aspect of bullying and how this
process occurs. Moreover, the two studies also wanted to
understand the impact of bullying on the victim and the one who
commits the act of bullying. From the two studies it is evident
that the researchers focused on a number of given variables in
order to determine how these variables relate to the aspect of
bullying. Therefor the research study wanted to determine if
there exist a correlation or a relationship between these
variables and the aspect of bullying. These studies were carried
out in the field. The researchers in these two cases had to
collect data from the field in order to come up with clear
conclusions about this particular matter at hand. Additionally,
trying to understand the aspect of bullying required the
researchers to be on the field and understand the various aspects
associated with bullying (Jaana & Sandra,2014).
From the two studies it is evident that bullying includes the
aspect of humiliation. This means that a bully uses his
prominence or his physical appearance to intimidate and
humiliate another individual. This causes the individual being
bullied to develop low self-esteem and thus ends up being a
social misfit. It is also evident from the two studies that
bullying can also lead to the development of social problems
and that there is nothing good that is associated with this
particular aspect. Additionally, it is also evident that bullying
also leads to problems related to emotional factors of an
individual and when in extreme bullying can result to physical
pain. There are a number of conclusions that cannot be drawn
from the two studies. To start with, the studies do not give a

well outlined approach on how to end bullying in schools,
instead the studies have only provided possible interventions.
This means that more should be done in order to come up with
conclusive measures of dealing with menace. Moreover, the two
research studies did not also focus on how bullies can be
integrated into the society after they realize that their actions
are not acceptable (Dake, Joseph,Price, James Telljohann,&
Susan,2003).
There are a number of strengths associated with this method of
study. The fact that the two researches were conducted on the
field means that the researchers were able to have firsthand
information on bullying. Moreover, the fact that the researches
were correlational, means that the researchers were able to
understand how bullying relates to other various factors.
Limitations on this research design may have included the fact
that correlation does not necessary imply causation. This means
that bullying cannot be justified by trying to imply that it is
caused by various reasons. Secondly, this type of research
design depends entirely on data provided and it does not go
beyond that. In future research, such studied should focus more
on trying to understand how this menace can be handled without
having to bring out the aspect of discrimination. Moreover, the
research should also focus more on the causes of bullying and
this can help come up with preventive measures especially at
the school level.
References
Dake, Joseph A;Price, James H;Telljohann, Susan K The
Journal of School Health; May (2003). The nature and extent of

bullying at school
Jaana Juvonen & Sandra Graham, (2014). Bullying in Schools:
The Power of Bullies and the Plight of Victims
School Bullying
Hypotheses: If parents and teachers combine efforts and pay
closer attention, and punish accordingly, then bullying in school
will eventually cease. Bullying is a constant topic of discussion
amongst most parents. However because social media provides
secrecy and a wider reach, bullying in schools is still as
consistent today as it was before being a part of the discussion.
The consequences of bullying in school are not great enough to
make an impact in stopping bullying.
References
Copeland, W. E., PhD, Wolke, D., PhD, Angold, A.,
Cornell, D. G., Sheras, P. L., & Cole, J. C. M. (2006).
Assessment of bullying. In S. R. Jimerson, & M. Furlong
(Eds.), Handbook of school violence and school safety: From
research to practice (pp. 209, Chapter xxiv, 688 Pages).
Mahwah, NJ, US, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers,
Mahwah, NJ. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-
Cornell, D., Shukla, K., & Konold, T. (2015). Peer
victimization and authoritative school climate: A multilevel
approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(4), 1186.
Dake, J. A., Price, J. H., & Telljohann, S. K. (2003). The nature

and extent of bullying at school. The Journal of School
Health, 73(5), 173-80. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-
Dake, J. A., Price, J. H., Telljohann, S. K., & Funk, J. B.
(2003). Teacher perceptions and practices regarding school
bullying prevention. The Journal of School Health, 73(9), 347-
355. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-
Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., Stallings, R., & Ttofi, M. M.
Research, 3(2), 74-81.
Juvonen, J., & Graham, S. (2014). Bullying in schools: The
power of bullies and the plight of victims. Annual Review of
Psychology, 65, 159. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-
Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007). Electronic bullying
among middle school students. The Journal of Adolescent
Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent
Medicine, 41(6 Suppl 1), S30. Retrieved from https://search-
proquest-
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P., & Agatston, P. W.
(2012). Cyberbullying: Bullying in the digital age (2nd ed. ed.)
Wiley-Blackwell. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-
McInroy, L. B., & Mishna, F. (2017). Cyberbullying on online
gaming platforms for children and youth. Child & Adolescent
Social Work Journal, 34(6), 597-607.
//dx.doi.org.portal.lib.fit.edu/10.1007/s10560-017-0498-0

Mishna, F., McInroy, L. B., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Bhole, P.,
Novick, R. M., & Isaacs, J. (2010). Telling is compelling: The
impact of student reports of bullying on teacher
intervention.Educational Psychology, 30(3), 283. Retrieved
Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A., & Voeten, M. (2005). Anti-
bullying intervention: Implementation and outcome. British
Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 465-487. Retrieved
Smokowski, P. R., & Kelly Holland Kopasz. (2005). Bullying in
school: An overview of types, effects, family characteristics,
and intervention strategies. Children & Schools, 27(2), 101-110.
Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Effectiveness of
school-based programs to reduce bullying: A systematic and
meta-analytic review. Journal of Experimental
Criminology, 7(1), 27-56.
van Goethem, A. A., J., Scholte, R. H., J., & Wiers, R. W.
(2010). Explicit- and implicit bullying attitudes in relation to
bullying behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology, 38(6), 829-42.

Yeager, D. S., Fong, C. J., Lee, H. Y., & Espelage, D. L.
(2015). Declines in efficacy of anti-bullying programs among
older adolescents: Theory and a three-level meta-
analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 37, 36-
51. //dx.doi.org.portal.lib.fit.edu/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.11.005
Tyrone McCusker Week 2
I have changed my topic to focus on the impact of bullying
behaviors on children both as bullies and victims
Copeland, W. E., PhD, Wolke, D., PhD, Angold, A.,
This study examines the outcomes of bullying and being bullied
in childhood and its correlation to psychiatric problems.
· Was the study correlational, experimental, or some
combination of both?
-The study was a combination correlational and experimental
· How do you know?
-Correlational in answering Bullying predicts psychiatric
problems, Experimental by manipulating age groups and
communities.
· Was it done in the laboratory or the field?
-This study was in the Field in North Carolina Population based
study.
· What conclusions can be drawn from the study?
- After controlling for childhood psychiatric problems or family
hardships, we found that victims continued to have a higher

prevalence of agoraphobia, and panic disorder and that
bullies/victims were at increased risk of young adult depression
, panic disorder , agoraphobia , and suicidality
· What conclusions cannot be drawn from the study?
-Since this study determined the effects on kids into young
adult hood, the study could not conclude the effects into adult
hood.
· What are some strengths and limitations of the research
design?
-The strength in the study is variety studied from bullies to
victims to both, the weakness lies in the variable added as they
chose families with hardships. I feel that variable can disprove
the correlational aspect as the study cant determine if the
bullying is the cause or the hardship is the cause of the
psychiatric problems.
· Name two areas for future research based on the article (either
those listed in the paper or your own ideas)
-For future research I would take out the hardship variable or
have a control study. Second I would like to see a more spread
out study spanning across the US and not focus on town or area
and study the psychological effects that lead to violence.
Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., Stallings, R., & Ttofi, M. M.
Research, 3(2), 74-81.
-This study is correlational

· How do you know?
-The study investigate whether bullying perpetration predicts
later criminal offending and whether bullying victimization
predicts later depression.
-This study was done in the field, Pittsburgh
- The paper provides useful evidence which leads to the
conclusion that bullying perpetration is followed by an
increased risk of delinquency, and that bullying victimization is
followed by an increased risk of depression.
-This study doesn’t account for victims of bullies and the
correlation of delinquency.
design?
-The strength in this study range of the study, start at the age of
6 years old nd following till the age of 19 years old. The
limitations again fall in the scope and the focus on only boys.
-One are for future study would be to include both makes and
females and see wich has a greater correlation. And Two follow
victims of bullies as well and determine if a correlation lies in
victims and delinquency.
Mishna, F., McInroy, L. B., Lacombe-Duncan, A., Bhole, P.,

The objective of this experimental study through surveys is to
explore children’s experience with cyberbullying and as they
get older explore social, mental health, and health consequences
of cyberbullying. This was done in the field using a random
sample of 4th,7th, and 10th graders. The strengths in this study
lie in the random sampling and wide range f grades.
-Experimental
· How do you know?
-Established the cause and effect of cyberbullying
-This study was done in the field using surveys
design?
Strøm, I. F., Aakvaag, H. F., Birkeland, M. S., Felix, E., &
Thoresen, S. (2018). The mediating role of shame in the
relationship between childhood bullying victimization and adult
psychosocial adjustment. European Journal of
Psychotraumatology, 9(1), 1418570.
//dx.doi.org.portal.lib.fit.edu/10.1080/20008198.2017.1418570

-Combination of Correlational and experimental
· How do you know?
- This study investigated (1) whether childhood
experiences of bullying victimization and violence were
associated with psychosocial adjustment (distress, impaired
functioning, social support barriers) in young adulthood; (2) the
unique effect of bullying victimization on psychosocial
adjustment; and (3) whether shame mediated the relationship
between bullying victimization and these outcomes in young
adulthood.
-This study was done in the field using a follow up study group
from previous testing.
- This study show that bullying victimization as a trauma with
severe and long-lasting consequences
-This study cannot conclude what the long lasting effects will
be as they vary from person to person depending on experience.
design?
-The strength in this study is the continuation with a previous
group ad continuing the testing process to strengthen conclusion
and results.
-One are for future research would be to try and determine
which factors play into what the long term effect would be. And
second would be to again continue the process with the same
study group at a later date to determine how long these effects
can last from childhood to adulthood.
Mccusker week 5 assignment
The Impact of Bullying and Victimization on Students'
Relationships

This article used correctional study method. The authors
used data from the Flemish Educational Assessment (FlEA),
consisting of 11,872 students in 85 schools. They then
performed multivariate analyses of variance (ANOVA).
I know this because the authors used data from FIEA
which they compared and contrasted in their analysis.
The research was done in the laboratory because the
authors used the data that was already collected by FIEA.
Conclusions that can be drawn from the study are that
accuracy of this study depends on the accuracy of data used.
Bullying and victimization have negative impact on students’
relationships. .
Strengths of correlational study is that a correlational
study can be conducted on variables that can be measured and
not manipulated, for example when an experimental method
would be impractical or unethical to conduct. While its
limitation is that No cause and effect can be established in
correlational research as it is not certain that one variable
caused another to happen, it could be one or the other or it
could even be an unknown variable that causes the correlation.
Areas for future study are:
1. How students can use relationships to end bullying and
victimization
1. Impact of bullying and victimization on academic
performance
An Exploration of Effects of Bullying Victimization from a
Complete Mental Health Perspective
This article used experimental study method. I know this
because the authors contacted research and collected data by
themselves instead of relying on the people’s data or research.
This study was conducted in the field.
It can be established from this study that bullying and
victimization is a major problem that is affecting many people
across the world.
Strengths of experimental study are that: It is a basic,
straightforward, efficient type of research that can be applied

across a variety of disciplines. Experimental research designs
are repeatable and therefore, results can be checked and
verified. Due to the controlled environment of experimental
research, better results are often achieved. Its limitations are
that: human error also plays a key role in the validity of the
project as discussed in previous modules. It may not be really
possible to control all extraneous variables. The health, mood,
and life experiences of the test subjects may influence their
reactions and those variables may not even be known to the
researcher.
Based on the article, the two areas of future study are:
1. Can bullying and victimization cause mental illness?
1. Can preventing bullying and victimization help to end or
reduce mental illness?
References
Demanet, J. & Houtte, M. (2013). The impact of bullying and
victimization on students' relationships. American Journal of
Health EducationVolume 43, Iss. 2, 2012, 104-113.
Fullchange, A. & Furlong, M. (2016). An exploration of effects
of bullying victimization from a complete mental health
perspective. SAGE Journals Vol. 6, No. 1, 2016,
MEE 6501, Advanced Air Quality Control 1
Course Description
Explores an in-depth study of advanced air quality control
science and management practices. Addresses health effects,

environmental impacts, monitoring, modeling, and treatment.
Course Textbook
Godish, T., Davis, W. T., & Fu, J. S. (2015). Air quality (5th
ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Course Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:
1. Describe methods for monitoring air pollution.
2. Critique air pollutant modeling equations and/or software.
3. Assess health effects of air pollution.
4. Examine causes of indoor and outdoor air pollution.
5. Evaluate health risks of air pollution exposure.
6. Estimate the impact of air pollution on the environment.
7. Evaluate air pollution control technologies.
Credits
Upon completion of this course, the students will earn three (3)
hours of college credit.
Course Structure
1. Study Guide: Each unit contains a Study Guide that provides

students with the learning outcomes, unit lesson,
required reading assignments, and supplemental resources.
2. Learning Outcomes: Each unit contains Learning Outcomes
that specify the measurable skills and knowledge
students should gain upon completion of the unit.
3. Unit Lesson: Each unit contains a Unit Lesson, which
discusses lesson material.
4. Reading Assignments: Each unit contains Reading
Assignments from one or more chapters from the textbook
and/or outside resources.
5. Suggested Reading: A Suggested Reading is listed in Unit II.
Students are encouraged to read the resource
listed if the opportunity arises, but they will not be tested on
their knowledge of the Suggested Reading.
6. Discussion Boards: Discussion Boards are part of all CSU
term courses. More information and specifications
can be found in the Student Resources link listed in the Course
Menu bar.
7. Unit Assessments: This course contains four Unit
Assessments, one to be completed at the end of Units I, III, V,
and VII. Assessments are composed of written-response
questions.
8. Unit Assignments: Students are required to submit for
grading Unit Assignments in Units II-VIII. Specific
information and instructions regarding these assignments are
provided below. Grading rubrics are included with
each assignment. Specific information about accessing these
rubrics is provided below.

9. Ask the Professor: This communication forum provides you
with an opportunity to ask your professor general or
course content related questions.
10. Student Break Room: This communication forum allows for
casual conversation with your classmates.
MEE 6501, Advanced Air
Quality Control
Course Syllabus
CSU Online Library
The CSU Online Library is available to support your courses
and programs. The online library includes databases,
journals, e-books, and research guides. These resources are
always accessible and can be reached through the library
webpage. To access the library, log into the myCSU Student
Portal, and click on “CSU Online Library.” You can also
access the CSU Online Library from the “My Library” button on
the course menu for each course in Blackboard.
The CSU Online Library offers several reference services. E-
mail ([email protected]) and telephone
(1.877.268.8046) assistance is available Monday – Thursday
from 8 am to 5 pm and Friday from 8 am to 3 pm. The
library’s chat reference service, Ask a Librarian, is available
24/7; look for the chat box on the online library page.
Librarians can help you develop your research plan or assist you

in finding relevant, appropriate, and timely information.
Reference requests can include customized keyword search
strategies, links to articles, database help, and other
services.
Unit Assignments
Unit II Mini Project
Over the course of these remaining seven units, we will be
developing a course project. We will do a single section of the
course project in every unit, completing one section of the
course project in each unit, and then adding the subsequent
work in the following unit. This unit work will be in the form of
mini projects, and in Unit VIII, you will submit the entire
project. Throughout the course, your instructor will provide you
with feedback on every unit you submit; therefore, it is
important to implement the feedback you receive in the
upcoming unit(s). You will be required to integrate an online
resource in your final submission. The Business Continuity &
Disaster Recovery Reference Center is a good online
database for this course project.
Our course project will be to develop a document titled A
Permit By Rule (PBR) Application for an Interior Surface
Coating
Facility that will serve as a simulation of our work as a contract
environmental engineer to a small vehicle body shop
located in the state of Texas.
The Scenario:
You have been contracted with a vehicle body repair shop
named Texas Car Body Repairs, USA to engineer and write a

state (Texas) air permit application for a carefully designed
interior lining (painting) facility. According to Texas state laws
and EPA laws, the facility must have an air permit before
construction begins. Once the facility is completed, the
construction air permit will then become the operational air
permit for the facility. As a result, your client wants the air
permit application to automatically align the interior surface
coating facility into operational compliance with state and
federal air quality laws. Consequently, it is extremely important
for you to write the air permit application to meet the air
permit criteria using the state guidance document and
considering the equipment and chemicals already planned for
the
facility operations.
Your client has presented you with the following specifications
regarding the facility operations plan:
Interior Liner
Coating
Material
10 gallons
coating/vehicle
2 gallons of
solvent/vehicle
Vehicle Lining
Application
Apply interior
liners to two
(2)
vehicles/day

Work five (5)
hours/day and
four (4)
days/week
Vehicle Lining
Curing
Cure interior
liners of two
(2)
vehicles/day
Work five (5)
hours/day and
four (4)
days/week
mailto:[email protected]
Interior Liner
Cure
Heater fuel
source is
natural gas-
fired drying
oven
Heater
generates 2.1
million (MM)

Btu/hr at
maximum
2,500 hrs/year
Vehicle Lining
Design
Cross-draft air
plenum
Vehicle interior
is the spray
area
Exhaust Fan 10,000 ft3/min
(CFM)
1 exhaust fan
Air Makeup
Unit
5760 ft3/min
(CFM)
1 air makeup
unit
Filter
Openings
20.0 ft2 each Two (2) filter
openings
Coating WV VOC content 2.8 lb/gal
coating

Coating VM Coating
volume
1.0 gal
Water Content Per gal/coating 1.0 lb/gal
Water Density Per gal/water 8.34 lb/gal
Coating VW Water volume Calculation
Exempt-
solvent
Content
Per gal/coating 0.5 lb/gal
Exempt-
solvent
Density
Per gal/exempt
solvent
6.64 lb/gal
Coating Ves Exempt
solvent volume
Calculation
The client has designed an interior coating spray painting
system that allows the interior of a vehicle to be coated (such as
for new vehicles, or vehicles being restored after fire damage or

other catastrophic interior damage). The operations will
involve a stripped-down vehicle body being brought into the
facility’s shop. The shop is a steel building with a finished
concrete floor and a paint booth for each vehicle. The vehicle
will be placed in the spray booth. The booth will be opened
at one end of the booth for makeup air. The exhaust air will
flow through an exhaust chamber at the other end of the
vehicle (see Cross-Draft Automotive Spray Booth in Appendix
F of the TCEQ Regulatory Guidance Document). For each
vehicle, once the liner application operations are completed the
forced curing (drying) operations will immediately
commence.
Instructions
1. Closely read the Required Reading assignment from your
textbook, Appendix B and Appendix K of the Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Regulatory
Guidance document (Click here to access the
document), and the Unit Lesson within the Study Guide.
Consider reading the Suggested Reading.
2. Using APA style (title page, abstract page, body with level 1
headings, and a reference page) for a research
paper, begin drafting a proposal document. You will add to this
document in every unit with another level 1
heading.
3. Make your Unit II work your first level 1 heading titled
“General Considerations for Operation,” and describe the
scenario that is presented above. You may find it convenient to
present the tabulated information in your General
Considerations section of the permit for future reference
throughout the rest of the course. This submission (and
every submission through Unit VII) needs to be a minimum of

at least a one page in length, double-spaced.
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/Courses/Eme
rgency_Services/MEE/MEE6501/15F/TCEQ.pdf
NOTE: In the following units (Units III through VIII), the unit
lessons will contain information related to the interior surface
coating operation by means of practical examples.
Consequently, it is imperative that you read the unit lessons
within the
study guide every week, use the TCEQ’s (2011) regulatory
guidance document, and consider the current (as well as
previous) material from your textbook in every unit. This
project will serve as a comprehensive demonstration of your
applied learning of engineering air quality.
Information about accessing the Grading Rubric for this
assignment is provided below.
Unit III Mini Project
As a continuation of our course project due in Unit VIII, A
Coating
Facility, complete the next section, “VOC and ES Content per
Vehicle,” of your proposal by following the instructions
carefully, and then submit your continued draft for grading.
Instructions

textbook, the TCEQ (2011) document, and the Unit
Lesson in the Study Guide.
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit II and make any
improvements to your draft using your professor’s feedback
from the Unit II project assignment.
3. Open the Unit III Study Guide, read the Unit III Lesson, and
review the calculations demonstrated and explained
regarding VOC and ES weights per gallon and per vehicle for
our scenario.
4. Make your Unit III work your second level 1 heading titled
“VOC and ES Content per Vehicle.” Describe and
demonstrate (illustrate) the calculations for both the VOC and
ES weights for this section of your project.
You are required to describe and demonstrate the VOC and ES
calculations in a minimum one-page, double-spaced
document.
Unit IV Mini Project
Coating
Facility, complete the next section, “Operational Air Emission
Rates,” of your proposal by following the instructions
Instructions

2. Open your proposal draft from Unit III and make any
from the Unit III project assignment.
3. Open the Unit IV Study Guide, read the Unit IV Lesson, then
regarding emission rate calculations and “potential to emit”
statistical model calculations for our scenario.
4. Make your Unit IV work your third level 1 heading titled
“Operational Air Emission Rates.” Describe and
demonstrate (illustrate) the calculations for the following for
this section of your project: (a) calculating maximum
hourly and annual emission rates, (b) emission rate averaged
over a five-hour period, and (c) potential to emit.
You are required to describe and demonstrate the “Operational
Air Emission Rates” in a minimum one-page, double-
spaced document.
Unit V Mini Project
Coating
Facility, complete the next section, “Operational Face and Filter

Velocities,” of your proposal by following the instructions
Instructions
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit IV and make any
from the Unit IV project assignment.
3. Open the Unit V Study Guide, read the Unit V Lesson, then
regarding face velocity calculations and filter velocity
calculations for our scenario.
4. Make your Unit V work your fourth level 1 heading titled
“Operational Face and Filter Velocities.” Describe and
this section of your project: (a) calculate the face
velocity and (b) filter velocity of the spray booth in a minimum
one-page, double-spaced document.
Unit VI Mini Project

Coating
Facility, complete the next section, “VOC Content Minus Water
and Exempt Solvent,” of your proposal by following the
instructions carefully, and then submit your continued draft for
grading.
Instructions
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit V and make any
from the Unit V project assignment.
3. Open the Unit VI Study Guide, read the Unit VI Lesson, then
regarding VOC content minus water and exempt solvent
calculations for our scenario.
4. Make your Unit VI work your fifth level 1 heading titled
“VOC Content Minus Water and Exempt Solvents.”
Describe and demonstrate (illustrate) the calculations for the
following for this section of your project: (a) calculate
the gallons of water in one gallon of coating and (b) pounds of
VOC in one gallon of coating (without the water
and exempt solvent). This submission should be in a minimum
one-page, double-spaced document.

Unit VII Mini Project
Coating
Facility, complete the next section, “Heater and Oven
Combustion Emissions,” of your proposal by following the
instructions carefully, and then submit your continued draft for
grading.
Instructions
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit VI and make any
from the Unit VI project assignment.
3. Open the Unit VII Study Guide, read the Unit VII Unit
Lesson, then review the calculations demonstrated and
explained regarding calculations for emissions of products of
combustion from heaters and ovens for our
scenario.
4. Make your Unit VII work your sixth level 1 heading titled
“Heater and Oven Combustion Emissions.” Describe and
this section of your project: (a) nitrous oxides (NOx),
(b) carbon monoxide (CO), (c) particulate matter (PM), (d)
volatile organic compounds (VOC), and (e) sulfur
dioxide (SO2) for BOTH hourly emissions (short-term) in

lbs./hr. AND annual (long-term) emissions in tons/year.
Your response should be in a minimum one-page, double-spaced
document.
Unit VIII Project
To finish our course project due in this Unit VIII, A Permit By
Rule (PBR) Application for an Interior Surface Coating
Facility, complete the final two sections, “Pollution Control
Technologies” and “Process Flow Diagram” of your proposal by
following the instructions carefully, and then submit the
completed, final draft of your proposal for grading.
Instructions
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit VII and make any
from the Unit VII project assignment.
3. Open the Unit VIII Study Guide, read the Unit VIII Lesson,
then consider the control technology options available
for our scenario.

4. Make your first Unit VIII section your seventh level 1
heading titled “Pollution Control Technologies.” Select
appropriate control technologies to be used in the final exhaust
air from the spray booth for the following
pollutants: (a) gases and vapors, (b) aerosol particles, and (c)
noise levels of 90 dBA at 1,000 Hz. Be sure to
defend your suggested engineering controls with literature.
5. Make your second Unit VIII section your eighth (final) level
1 heading titled “Process Flow Diagram.” Map out the
entire process by developing a drawing of the process. You
might consider reviewing the drawings located within
Appendix G and Appendix J in the TCEQ (2011) document and
Figure 10.12 on page 381 of your textbook as
good examples of clear and understandable process drawings to
help you construct your own Process Flow
Diagram.
6. Be sure that your Abstract and References pages are updated
before you submit your final project for a grade.
NOTE: Please compile (Units II-VIII) and submit your entire
project as one document. Include an article reference from the
CSU Online Library within your final project submission that is
tied to the course project. The Business Continuity &
Disaster Recovery Reference Center online database is a good
online database for this course project.
APA Guidelines

The application of the APA writing style shall be practical,
functional, and appropriate to each academic level, with the
primary purpose being the documentation (citation) of sources.
CSU requires that students use APA style for certain
papers and projects. Students should always carefully read and
follow assignment directions and review the associated
grading rubric when available. Students can find CSU’s Citation
Guide by clicking here. This document includes examples
and sample papers and provides information on how to contact
the CSU Success Center.
Grading Rubrics
This course utilizes analytic grading rubrics as tools for your
professor in assigning grades for all learning activities. Each
rubric serves as a guide that communicates the expectations of
the learning activity and describes the criteria for each
level of achievement. In addition, a rubric is a reference tool
that lists evaluation criteria and can help you organize your
efforts to meet the requirements of that learning activity. It is
imperative for you to familiarize yourself with these rubrics
because these are the primary tools your professor uses for
assessing learning activities.
Rubric categories include: (1) Discussion Board, (2) Assessment
(Written Response), and (3) Assignment.
However, it is possible that not all of the listed rubric types will
be used in a single course (e.g., some courses may
not have Assessments).
The Discussion Board rubric can be found within Unit I’s
Discussion Board submission instructions.
The Assessment (Written Response) rubric can be found

embedded in a link within the directions for each Unit
Assessment. However, these rubrics will only be used when
written-response questions appear within the Assessment.
Each Assignment type (e.g., article critique, case study,
research paper) will have its own rubric. The Assignment
rubrics
are built into Blackboard, allowing students to review them
prior to beginning the Assignment and again once the
http://www.columbiasouthern.edu/downloads/pdf/success/citatio
n-guide
Assignment has been scored. This rubric can be accessed via the
Assignment link located within the unit where it is to be
submitted. Students may also access the rubric through the
course menu by selecting “Tools” and then “My Grades.”
Again, it is vitally important for you to become familiar with
these rubrics because their application to your
Discussion Boards, Assessments, and Assignments is the
method by which your instructor assigns all grades.
Communication Forums
These are non-graded discussion forums that allow you to
communicate with your professor and other students.
Participation in these discussion forums is encouraged, but not
required. You can access these forums with the buttons in
the Course Menu. Instructions for subscribing/unsubscribing to
these forums are provided below.

Click here for instructions on how to subscribe/unsubscribe and
post to the Communication Forums.
Ask the Professor
This communication forum provides you with an opportunity to
ask your professor general or course content questions.
Questions may focus on Blackboard locations of online course
components, textbook or course content elaboration,
additional guidance on assessment requirements, or general
advice from other students.
Questions that are specific in nature, such as inquiries regarding
assessment/assignment grades or personal
accommodation requests, are NOT to be posted on this forum. If
you have questions, comments, or concerns of a non-
public nature, please feel free to email your professor.
Responses to your post will be addressed or emailed by the
professor within 48 hours.
Before posting, please ensure that you have read all relevant
course documentation, including the syllabus,
assessment/assignment instructions, faculty feedback, and other
important information.
Student Break Room
This communication forum allows for casual conversation with
your classmates. Communication on this forum should
always maintain a standard of appropriateness and respect for
your fellow classmates. This forum should NOT be used to
share assessment answers.

Grading
Discussion Boards (8 @ 2%) = 16%
Assessments (4 @ 8%) = 32%
Mini Projects (6 @ 7%) = 42%
Unit VIII Project = 10%
Total = 100%
Course Schedule/Checklist (PLEASE PRINT)
The following pages contain a printable Course Schedule to
assist you through this course. By following this schedule,
you will be assured that you will complete the course within the
time allotted.
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/common_file
s/instructions/DB/Create_New_Thread_Subscribe.pdf
MEE 6501, Advanced Air Quality Control Course Schedule
By following this schedule, you will be assured that you will
complete the course within the time allotted. Please keep this
schedule for reference as you progress through your course.
Unit I The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Pollutants

Read:
apter 2: Atmospheric Pollution and Pollutants
Discuss:
Discussion Board question by Saturday,
11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Comment: Comment on another student’s
Discussion Board response by
Tuesday, 11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Notes/Goals:
Unit II Engineering for Outdoor Air Quality
udy Guide
Read:
Discuss:

Discussion Board question by
Saturday, 11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Notes/Goals:
Unit III Engineering for Indoor Air Quality
Read:
Discuss:

Submit:
(Central Time)
Notes/Goals:
Unit IV Engineering for Indoor Air Quality, Part Two
Read:
lth Effects
Discuss:
Saturday,11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Comment: Comment on another student’s

Tuesday,11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Notes/Goals:
Unit V Engineering Air Quality for Ecological and Structural
Health
Read:
Discuss:
Saturday,11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Tuesday,11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Submit:

Notes/Goals:
Unit VI Engineering Air Quality Monitoring Systems
Read:
Discuss:
Notes/Goals:

Unit VII Statistical Modeling for Engineered Air Quality
Read:
-
277
Deposition, pp. 77-98
Discuss:
ard Response: Submit your response to the
Submit:
by Tuesday, 11:59 p.m. (Central Time)
Notes/Goals:

Unit VIII Utilizing Pollution Control Technologies for
Engineered Air Quality Control
Read:
Control of Motor Vehicle Emissions
Discuss:
Notes/Goals:

TCEQ REGULATORY GUIDANCE
Small Business and Environmental Assistance Division
RG-404 ● February 2011
TEXAS COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY •
PO BOX 13087 • AUSTIN, TX 78711-3087
T he T CEQ i s an equal oppo r t un i t y em pl oy e r . T he
agenc y does no t a l l ow d i sc r im ina t i on on t he bas i s
o f r ac e , c o l o r , r e l i g i on, na t i onal o r i g i n , sex
, d i sabi l i t y , age,
sex ual o r i en t at i on , o r v et e r an s t a t us . I n c om
pl i anc e wi t h t he Am er i c ans wi t h D i sab i l i t i es A
c t , t h i s doc um ent m ay be r equest ed i n a l t e r na t e
f o rm at s by c on t ac t i ng
t he T CEQ at 512- 239 - 0028 , f ax 512 - 239- 4488 , or 1
- 800- RE LAY -T X (T DD) , o r by wr i t i ng PO B ox
13087, A ust i n T X 78711 - 3087 . W e au t ho r i z e y ou t
o use or
r ep r oduc e any o r i g i na l m a t e r i a l c on t a i ned i n
t h i s publ i c a t i on — t hat i s , any m at e r i a l we d i
d no t ob t a i n f r om ot he r sou r c es . P lease ac k nowl
edge t he T CE Q as y ou r
sou r c e . Pr i n t ed on r ec yc l ed pape r .
Surface Coating Facilities
A Guide for Obtaining Air Authorization in Texas
Contents
Introduction
...............................................................................................
....................................................... 2
Which Air Authorization Applies to You?

...............................................................................................
2
De Minimis
...............................................................................................
.......................................................... 2
Permit by Rule
...............................................................................................
..................................................... 3
New Source Review
Permit.....................................................................................
............................................ 7
Title V Federal Operating
Permit.....................................................................................
.................................. 7
Other Requirements
...............................................................................................
........................................ 8
General Air Quality Rules (30 TAC 101)
...............................................................................................
............ 8
Nonattainment and Near-Nonattainment Areas (30 TAC 115)
.......................................................................... 9
New Source Performance Standards (40 CFR, Part 60)
.................................................................................. 10
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (40
CFR, Part 63) .............................................. 10
Common Air Violations for Surface Coaters
....................................................................................... . 11
For More Information
...............................................................................................
................................... 11
Appendix A: Common Permits by Rule for Surface Coating

Facilities ........................................ 12
Appendix B: Surface Coating Permit by Rule (30 TAC 106.433)
.................................................. 13
Appendix C: Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and Exempt
Solvent Content per Gallon of
Coating
...............................................................................................
............................................................... 16
Appendix D: Calculating Maximum Hourly and Annual
Emission Rates ................................... 20
Appendix E: Emission Rate Averaged Over a Five-Hour Period
................................................... 24
Appendix F: Potential to Emit
...............................................................................................
.................... 25
Appendix G: Calculation of Booth or Work-Area and Filter and
Face Velocities .................... 26
Appendix H: VOC Content Minus Water and Exempt Solvents
..................................................... 30
Appendix I: Calculations for Emissions of Products of
Combustion from Heaters and Ovens
...............................................................................................
............................................................................... 33
Appendix J: Examples of Acceptable Stack Designs
.......................................................................... 35

Appendix K: Compliance Worksheet
...............................................................................................
....... 36
TCEQ publication RG-404 Surface Coating Facilities: A Guide
for Obtaining Air Authorization in Texas
2 Revised March 2011
Introduction
This document is tailored to the surface coating industry,
excluding auto body shops,
and contains general information about air regulations. Surface
coaters prepare and
coat (paint) items that may be made out of metal, wood, plastic,
porcelain, or any of
several other materials. Processes associated with cleaning and
coating emit air
contaminants. As part of its role in protecting public health and
the environment, the
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) requires
you to get proper air
authorization for these emissions. Under the law, you are
required to obtain
authorization before you build, modify, or begin operations at
your facility.
Even if your site is already in operation, you still need an air
authorization. You should
begin steps to obtain authorization as soon as you become aware
that this regulation
applies to you. For more information on how to proceed if you
find yourself in this
situation, call the Small Business and Local Government

Assistance (SBLGA) program
at 800-447-2827 for confidential assistance. You can also
contact the Air Permits
Division at 512-239-1250 for technical assistance.
Which Air Authorization Applies to You?
The type of authorization you qualify for will depend on the
materials and chemicals
you use, the processes that you conduct, and the amount of air
contaminants your
facility creates. In Texas, you have three options for obtaining
authorization to emit air
contaminants from your surface coating facility. You must
either
• qualify for de minimis status, or
• obtain authorization through a
In addition, you may be required to obtain coverage under a
Title V Federal Operating
Permit if your emissions exceed certain levels. Ultimately, you
must decide which type
of authorization applies to your business and if it needs to meet
any other
requirements to comply with state and federal laws.
De Minimis
De minimis sites emit very small amounts of air contaminants.
If your site qualifies as
de minimis, you do not need to register with the TCEQ.
However, you do need to keep
records to prove that you meet the de minimis requirements.

Even if your site is de
minimis, you may have to comply with other state and federal
regulations—see “Other
Requirements,” on page 8. The rules that explain the de minimis
criteria appear at 30
Texas Administrative Code (TAC) Chapter 116, Subchapter B,
Division 1, Section
116.119.
There are several ways that you can meet the de minimis
criteria. To find out whether
you can claim de minimis status:
• Check the De Minimis Facilities or Sources List [30 TAC
116.119(a)(1)].
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TCEQ publication RG-404 Surface Coating Facilities: A
Guide for Obtaining Air Authorization in Texas
Revised March 2011 3
Any facility on the De Minimis Facilities or Sources List is

considered de minimis by
the TCEQ. This list is available online at
<www.tceq.texas.gov/goto/de_minimis>.
• Check the Materials and Usage List [30 TAC
116.119(a)(2)(A–F)].
If the total, site-wide use per year of the following materials is
below the thresholds
listed, the site is considered de minimis:
• cleaning and stripping solvents, 50 gallons per year
• coatings (excluding plating materials), 100 gallons per year
• dyes, 1,000 pounds per year
• bleaches, 1,000 gallons per year
• fragrances (excluding odorants), 250 gallons per year
• water-based surfactants and detergents, 2,500 gallons per year.
• Review Your Emission Rates and Check the Effects Screening
level (ESL) List or Ask
for a Case-by-Case Review.
There are two additional ways that you can claim de minimis
status. You can
review the ESL list and emission rate caps [30 TAC
116.119(a)(3)] or ask for a
case-by-case review [30 TAC 116.119(a)(4)]. For more
information on these
options, contact the Air Permits Division at 512-239-1250.
De minimis sites cannot be in violation of any TCEQ rule,
permit, order, or statute. If a
business is found to be in violation, it will no longer be
considered de minimis and
must obtain authorization through a PBR or an NSR permit.
Permit by Rule

Many surface coaters obtain authorization by qualifying for a
PBR. PBRs have specific,
non-negotiable conditions that your business must meet. PBRs
are approved more
quickly than NSR permits and less documentation is required
for approval. It is
important that you keep accurate records and documents to
verify that you continually
meet the conditions of your PBR.
In addition, more than one PBR may apply to your site. For
example, you
might sandblast an object and then paint it. You would need to
obtain authorization
under the PBRs both for dry abrasive cleaning and for surface
coating. You can find
more on surface preparation at the SBLGA’s website,
<www.TexasEnviroHelp.org>.
Review 30 TAC Chapter 106 to find all appropriate PBRs that
may be applicable to
your site. The most common PBRs for surface coating facilities
are listed in
Appendix A.
Who Can Register Under a PBR?
General Requirements (30 TAC 106.4)
Facilities that are sources of air contaminants may claim a PBR
as long as they can
meet the general requirements and emission limits in 30 TAC
Chapter 106, Subchapter
A, Section 106.4 and meet the specific requirements for the
PBR that they are claiming.
You will need to calculate your air emissions to determine if

you meet the conditions
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of a PBR. If you need help with these calculations, review
Appendixes C through E. If
you use heaters or ovens at your facility, you can reference
Appendix I for help
determining the emissions from those activities. You can also

use the compliance
worksheet in Appendix K to help you gather all of the
information you will need to get
started.
The general air emission limits, explained in 30 TAC Chapter
106, Subchapter A,
Section 106.4, are:
• No more than 25 tons per year (sitewide) of:
• volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
• sulfur dioxide (SO2),
• particulate matter (PM10) that is small enough to be inhaled,
or
• any other air contaminant (including exempt solvents)—except
carbon
dioxide, water, nitrogen, methane, ethane, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
• No more than 250 tons per year (sitewide) of:
• carbon monoxide (CO), or
• nitrogen oxides (NOx).
Overview of Requirements for Surface Coating Facilities (30
TAC 106.433)
The PBR for surface coating facilities, found in 30 TAC
Chapter 106, Subchapter S,
Section 106.433, has more stringent emission limits and
requirements than the
general requirements in 30 TAC Chapter 106, Subchapter A,
Section 106.4. It is
important to note that this PBR covers the use of coatings that
contain metal pigments,
but does not cover the application of molten metals.

The facility must maintain good housekeeping practices, clean
up spills promptly, use
exhaust fans when in operation, and properly store and dispose
of new and used
coatings and solvents. If you use ovens to dry or cure paint at
your facility, you must
either use an electric oven or ensure that the maximum heat
input does not exceed 40
million British thermal units per hour. The rule also specifies
the appropriate type of
fuel that may be used for these ovens.
The specific air emission limits for surface coating operations
performed indoors, in a
booth, or in an enclosed work area, as explained in 30 TAC
106.433(6), are no more
than:
• 6 pounds of VOCs per hour, averaged over a five-hour period
(see Appendix E for
help with this calculation), and
• 500 pounds of VOCs per week per booth or enclosed work
area.
• You must ensure that your VOC emissions do not exceed 13
tons of VOCs per
year per booth or enclosed work area. This value comes from
the following
equation:
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×

52 ��
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×
1 ��
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In addition to the emission limits, enclosed operations must
ensure that:
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• all exhaust stacks extend at least 1.5 times the building height
above the ground.
(See Appendix J for more on stack design.)
• there is a minimum face velocity of 100 feet per minute
(ft/min) at the intake
opening of each booth or work area,
• the filter velocity does not exceed 250 ft/min. (See Appendix
G for face velocity
and filter velocity calculation.)
• the emissions of particulate matter from spraying operations
are controlled by
either a wash-water system or a dry filter system with a 95
percent removal
efficiency.
Surface coating operations performed outdoors or in a non-
enclosed work area must
comply with the same VOC emission limits as enclosed
operations (6 lb/hr and 500
lb/week). The VOC limits may be more stringent if the
operation sprays coatings with
metallic pigments containing chromates, lead, cadmium,
selenium, strontium, or
cobalt. Review 30 TAC 106.433(7)(B) if this applies to your

business. Outdoor spray
operations must also ensure that:
• all coating operations are conducted at least 50 feet from the
property line and
250 feet from the nearest off-property structure, and that
• the TCEQ has given written site approval before construction.
The site-wide limits from coating and cleanup solvents,
explained in 30 TAC
106.433(4), apply to both indoor and outdoor operations. All
facilities must ensure
that their site-wide emissions are no more than:
• 25 tons per year of VOC and 10 tons per year of exempt
solvents, and
• 30 pounds per hour of VOC and 5.0 pounds per hour of exempt
solvents.
Exempt solvents, such as acetone and methylene chloride, are
defined as those carbon
compounds or mixtures of carbon compounds used as solvents
that have been
excluded from the definition of VOC. The definition of VOC
can be found in 40 CFR, Part
51.100.
This is an overview of the rule requirements. You must
thoroughly review the PBR, 30
TAC 106.433, to make certain that you understand and comply
with all of the emission
limits, record-keeping responsibilities, and notification
requirements. We have included
a copy of the rule in Appendix B for your convenience. If you

begin approaching the
limits in the PBR, contact the Air Permits Division at 512-239-
1250 to discuss your
permitting options.
How Do I Obtain Coverage Under a PBR?
Some of the PBRs, including 30 TAC 106.433, require you to
register with the TCEQ,
while others require no registration. Registration requirements
are specified in the
rule. If any PBR requires registration, follow these general
procedures:
1. Make sure your facility meets the general requirements for
claiming the PBRs
found in 30 TAC Chapter 106, Subchapter A, Section 106.4.
You can complete the
PBR Applicability Quick Checklist, Form TCEQ-10150 to help
you determine if you
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meet the requirements. The appendixes to this publication will
help you with the
calculations you will need to complete in order to determine
compliance.
2. Make sure your facility meets the conditions of any PBR you
intend to claim. Be
sure to read the PBR(s) in 30 TAC Chapter 106 before you make
this
determination. If registration checklists are available for the
PBRs you are
claiming, it is recommended that you use the checklists to
demonstrate compliance
with the rule. See Appendix A for registration checklist form
numbers.
3. Complete Form TCEQ-10228, “Registration for Permits by

Rule (PI-7),” or Form
TCEQ-20182, “Certification and Registration for Permits by
Rule (PI-7-CERT).”
Should I use a PI-7 or a PI-7-CERT?
The PI-7 and PI-7-CERT forms request administrative and
technical information
needed by the Air Permits Division to evaluate PBR claims. The
PI-7-CERT form
also establishes federally enforceable emission limits for
individual pollutants. Use
caution when setting the emission limit, as the facility may not
exceed that limit. If
changes occur at a site and the emission limit needs to be
updated, you must
submit Form TCEQ-10489 (APD-CERT).
An example of a beneficial use of the PI-7-CERT form would be
when the potential
to emit (PTE) at a facility exceeds major-source thresholds, but
the actual
emissions from the facility are below the major-source
thresholds. The emission
limit established under a PI-7-CERT form would allow the site
to be considered a
“synthetic minor” and would not require a Title V federal
operating permit. You
can find additional information regarding PTE in Appendix F.
4. Submit the following items for review with your registration
form:
• Distance information. Include the distance from the facility’s
emission release
point to the nearest property line and off-property structure.

• A process flow diagram or process description. Include a step-
by-step description
of what you do with each material that comes into your business
and how the final
product moves out the door.
• Emissions data and calculations. Include emission rates for
each air contaminant
and supporting calculations.
• Equipment specifications. Filter efficiencies, spray-gun
specifications and
literature, and gun-washer and booth specifications.
• Usage rates of coatings and solvents in gallons per hour and
gallons per year.
• Operation schedules. Hours of operation.
• Material Safety Data Sheets. Identify the chemicals used
specifically at your site and
supply MSDS, technical data sheets, environmental sheets, air
quality data sheets,
or equivalent supporting documents for all mixtures that contain
potential air
contaminants.
This information will help permit reviewers understand how
your business operates
and will help them verify that the emission calculations are
correct and that the
applicable rules are met.
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5. Pay a registration fee and submit your proof of payment with
your registration form.
See Form TCEQ-10228 (PI-7) or TCEQ-20182 (PI-7-CERT) to
determine the specific
fee amount.
Note: You do not need to submit a separate form or pay a
separate fee for each PBR.
You can apply for multiple PBRs using only one form and
paying one fee.
6. Complete Form TCEQ-10400, the TCEQ Core Data Form. If
you are a new customer of
the TCEQ and have not been issued a regulated-entity number
(RN) and customer
reference number (CN), you will need to complete this form. If
you are an existing
customer and have made changes to your customer or site
information, you will
need to submit an updated form.
Check all applicable PBRs to determine if site approval is
required before you begin

construction. If no PBR requires site approval from the TCEQ,
you may begin
construction (or the activity) once the TCEQ has received your
application and
supporting documentation. However, if any PBR requires
written site approval from
the TCEQ, do not begin construction until you receive approval
in writing. The PBR
specific to surface coating, 30 TAC 106.433, requires written
site approval from the
TCEQ.
New Source Review Permit
If your business cannot qualify for de minimis or a PBR you
must obtain an NSR
permit. An NSR permit has a more complex application process
that is beyond the
scope of this document. It is best to contact the Air Permits
Division at 512-239-1250
and ask to speak to a coating-permit engineer who can help you
determine how to
proceed with obtaining proper authorization. Generally, in order
to obtain an NSR
permit, you will be required to:
• submit the most current version of Form TCEQ-10252 (PI-1),
• pay a fee of at least $900 fee, and
• submit additional information about your specific facility.
You will also have to publish two public notices in a prominent
newspaper and post
signs (often in more than one language). A public hearing may
also be required in
order to determine whether you should receive a permit.
Once your application is approved and you have received your

permit, you may begin
to modify or construct your facility. If you have questions about
permitting, or have
already started construction without authorization, please call
SBLGA at 800-447-
2827.
Title V Federal Operating Permit
Any business classified as a “major source” of air contaminants
must obtain a Title V
federal operating permit, in addition to a PBR or NSR permit,
and comply with
additional regulations. A site can be considered major because
of the amount of
different types of emissions, such as VOCs, NOx, or hazardous
air pollutants (HAPs).
In general, sites are considered to be major sources of air
contaminants if they have
the potential to emit 10 tons per year of a single HAP or 25 tons
per year of any
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combination of HAPs. EPA maintains an up-to-date list of HAPs
at
<www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/orig189.html>.
Additionally, facilities that are located in attainment counties
and have the potential to
emit 100 tons per year or more of any other contaminant
(including VOCs) are
considered “major sources.”
Facilities that are located in near-nonattainment and
nonattainment counties have
lower thresholds for certain air contaminants. This information
can be found in 30
TAC Chapter 122, Subchapter A, Section 122.10. To determine
the attainment status
for the county in which you operate, visit
<www.tceq.texas.gov/goto/attainment>.
You can find additional information on potential to emit in
Appendix F. If you believe
that your facility is a major source of air contaminants, you
should contact the Air
Permits Division at 512-239-1250 to set up a meeting to discuss
your permitting
options.
Other Requirements
General Air Quality Rules (30 TAC 101)

Nuisance Emissions
No facility in Texas may create “nuisance” emissions “that
adversely affect human
health or welfare, animal life, vegetation, or the normal use and
enjoyment of
property” (30 TAC Chapter 101, Subchapter A, Section 101.4).
Nuisance conditions
often associated with surface coating include odor and paint
overspray.
Emissions Inventory
You may have to send the TCEQ an annual air emissions report,
called an “emissions
inventory,” detailing the actual annual emissions of air
pollutants released at your site
if:
• your business is a “major source” of air emissions or
• it is located in a nonattainment area and emits 10 tons per year
or more of VOCs.
These reports help track and plan the state’s progress in
reducing air pollution.
Emissions Inventory reporting requirements appear in 30 TAC
Chapter 101,
Subchapter A, Section 101.10. For more information, visit
<www.tceq.texas.gov/goto/air_pollution_sources>.
Fees
Certain facilities in Texas will be required to pay an inspection
fee or an emissions fee
each year—see 30 TAC Chapter 101, Subchapter A, Sections
101.24 (Inspection Fees)

and 101.27 (Emission Fees).
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Emissions Banking and Trading Program
The Emissions Banking and Trading Team administers several
programs, including the
Mass Emissions Cap and Trade (MECT) program. If your
facility is located in the
Houston-Galveston-Brazoria eight-hour ozone nonattainment
area, you will need to

evaluate whether the facility is subject to MECT. For additional
information regarding
MECT, see 30 TAC Chapter 101, Subchapter H, Division 3 or
visit
<www.tceq.texas.gov/goto/ebt>.
Nonattainment and Near-Nonattainment Areas (30 TAC 115)
If your coating operation is located in a nonattainment or near-
nonattainment county,
as defined at 30 TAC 115.10, there are limits on the VOC
content of the paints and
coatings you may use. These requirements appear in 30 TAC
Chapter 115, Subchapter
E, Division 2, Sections 115.420–29.
You have several options for complying with the special
requirements for
nonattainment and near-nonattainment areas. You can use
compliant coatings that are
below the required VOC content limits, use coatings that are
compliant under a daily
weighted average, or qualify for an exemption.
VOC Content Limits (30 TAC 115.421)
The following limits are given in pounds of VOC per gallon of
coating, minus water and
exempt solvent. See Appendix H for help with these
calculations. These VOC limits
must be followed by all sources in nonattainment or near-
nonattainment areas that do
not meet one of the exemptions listed in the rule (30 TAC
115.427).
There are specific VOC-content limits for coating various

materials including large
appliances, metal furniture, coils, paper, fabric, vinyl, cans,
vehicles, aerospace
coatings, mirror backing, wood parts and products, wood
furniture, and marine
coatings. For more information on VOC-content limits for
surface coating these
materials, see 30 TAC 115.421.
Surface coaters often apply coatings to metal. Therefore, we
have outlined the VOC
content limits for miscellaneous metal parts and products below.
Coating limits for miscellaneous metal parts and products [30
TAC
115.421(a)(9)]:
• 4.3 pounds per gallon for clear coats and interior protective
coating for
pails and drums,
• 3.5 pounds per gallon for low-bake coatings that utilize air or
forced air
driers,
• 3.5 pounds per gallon for extreme performance coating,
including
chemical milling maskants,
• 3.0 pounds per gallon for all other coating applications that
pertain to
miscellaneous metal parts and products, including high-bake
coatings.
Refer to 30 TAC 115.420 for the definition of each coating
type.

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Can I Use a Coating Above the VOC Content Limits?
Yes; instead of providing the VOC content of each of your
coatings, you may
demonstrate that the daily weighted average of the content for
each coating type, line,
or operation does not exceed the VOC content limit indicated in
30 TAC Chapter 115,
Subchapter E, Division 2, Section 115.421. In addition, your
coating operation could
meet one of the exemptions at 30 TAC Chapter 115, Subchapter
E, Division 2, Section
115.427. If you need help in calculating the daily weighted
average, review Appendix
H.
In order to demonstrate compliance with emission limits in the
rule, maintain records
such as MSDS. The MSDS or product label for each coating
should indicate the VOC
content expressed in units of mass/volume, normally pounds per
gallon (lb/gal) or
grams per liter (g/liter).
Exemptions (30 TAC 115.427)
Exemptions depend on where your facility is located and the
type of facility you
operate.
• For the Beaumont–Port Arthur, Dallas–Fort Worth, El Paso,
and Houston-
Galveston-Brazoria areas, a facility can be exempt because:

• its VOC emissions are less than 3 pounds per hour and 15
pounds in any
consecutive 24-hour period or
• its total coating and solvent usage is less than 150 gallons per
year.
• For Gregg, Nueces, and Victoria counties, a facility can be
exempt because:
• its VOC emissions are less than 550 pounds in any continuous
24-hour
period.
Additional exemptions exist for various business types. For
example, aerosol coatings
(spray paint) are exempt from this requirement. Please review
30 TAC 115.427 for a
complete list of exemptions in your area.
New Source Performance Standards (40 CFR, Part 60)
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) dictate the amount
of air contaminants
that a new stationary source may produce. Several NSPS
regulations apply to specific
surface coating facilities. For a link to these rules, visit the
TCEQ's Web page at
<www.tceq.texas.gov/goto/40_cfr_60>.
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (40
CFR,
Part 63)
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
(NESHAPs), also known as
Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards,

set limits on emissions
of hazardous air pollutants. There are NESHAPs for both major
sources and area (or
minor) sources. The rules for NESHAPs that affect surface
coaters can be found in 40
CFR, Part 63 and include specific requirements that surface
coating industries must
follow to reduce emissions of these pollutants.
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Common NESHAPs for surface coating operations include:
• Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products,
40 CFR, Part 63, Subpart
MMMM
• Paint Stripping and Miscellaneous Surface Coating Operations
at Area Sources, 40
CFR, Part 63, Subpart HHHHHH
To locate additional information on NESHAPs that affect
surface coaters, and to review
other subparts that may apply to your facility, visit the EPA’s
Web page
<www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mactfnlalph.html>, visit the SBLGA’s
website at
<www.TexasEnviroHelp.org> and click “NESHAP Assistance
Tools,” or call 800-447-
2827.
Common Air Violations for Surface Coaters
Investigations by the TCEQ find that the most common air
violations include the
following:
• The business is creating a nuisance condition.
• The business has no air authorization but should have a PBR

or an NSR permit.
• The business is using coatings that exceed VOC-content limits
for nonattainment or
near-nonattainment areas.
• The business is not following the conditions of its permit or
PBR.
• The facility has not been constructed to comply with the PBR
as required.
• The business has failed to maintain paint-booth filters.
• The business has inadequate records and therefore cannot
prove that the site meets
the conditions of its air authorization.
For More Information
This guide discusses air regulations. There are water and waste
regulations that may
also apply to your facility. Visit <www.TexasEnviroHelp.org>
and click on “Surface
Coating” for additional tools and information to assist you.
To download forms from the TCEQ website
<www.tceq.texas.gov>, click on “Forms,”
and search by keyword or by the form number.
To get a copy of a TCEQ publication: go to the TCEQ’s
website, at
<www.tceq.texas.gov/goto/publications>; fax orders to the
TCEQ’s Publications Unit
at 512-239-4488, or order by telephone at 512-239-0028; or
write to TCEQ
Publications, MC 195, PO Box 13087, Austin, TX 78711-3087.
This document does not take the place of the full, official TCEQ
rules. It is intended

only as a general explanation about selected parts of the rules.
You can find TCEQ rules
in the Texas Administrative Code at the Secretary of State’s
website,
<http://www.sos.state.tx.us/tac/index.shtml>. To access the
Code of Federal
Regulations, visit <www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/>. For additional
assistance, contact the
Small Business and Local Government Assistance section of the
TCEQ at 800-
447-2827.
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Appendix A: Common Permits by Rule for Surface
Coating Facilities
General Topic Number Relevant Equipment and Processes
Paperwork Required
Soldering, Brazing, Welding 106.227 “Brazing, soldering, or
welding equipment, except those
which emit 0.6 ton per year or more of lead, are permitted by
rule.”
No registration
required
Manufacturing, Refinishing,
and Restoring Wood
Products
106.231 “Facilities, including drying or curing ovens, and hand-
held or
manually operated equipment, used for manufacturing,
refinishing, and/or restoring wood products” must meet
certain control and material usage limits.
Purchase receipts for
coatings, solvents,
and stripping agents
must be available
Hand-held and Manually
Operated Machines
106.265 “Hand-held or manually operated equipment used for
buffing,

polishing, carving, cutting, drilling, machining, routing,
sanding, sawing, surface grinding, or turning of ceramic art
work, ceramic precision parts, leather, metals, plastics, fiber
board, masonry, carbon, glass, graphite, or wood is permitted
by rule.”
No registration
required
Milling and Grinding of
Coatings and Moldings
Compounds
106.431 “Equipment used exclusively to mill or grind coatings
and
molding compounds where all materials charged are in a
paste form is permitted by rule.”
No registration
required
Dipping Tanks and
Containers
106.432 “Containers, reservoirs, or tanks used exclusively for
dipping
operations for coating objects with oils, waxes, or greases
where no organic solvents, diluents, or thinners are used; or
dipping operations for applying coatings of natural or
synthetic resins which contain no organic solvents are
permitted by rule.”
No registration
required
Surface Coating 106.433 Though there is a site-wide limit of

25 tpy VOC, this PBR
limits hourly and annual VOC emissions depending on
certain aspects of your business. Specific design
requirements are required. Metal spraying or metalizing
operations may not use this PBR.
Outdoor facilities or booths that do not meet the definition of
being fully enclosed require site approval before construction.
See the rule for additional information.
PI-7 or PI-7-CERT
Surface Coating
Facility PBR Checklist
(TCEQ-10137)
Powder Coating 106.434 “Surface coating operations utilizing
powder coating
materials with the powder applied by an electrostatic powder
spray gun or an electrostatic fluidized bed are permitted by
rule.”
No registration
required
Wet Blast Cleaning 106.451 “Blast cleaning equipment using a
suspension of abrasives in
water is permitted by rule.”
No registration
required
Dry Abrasive Cleaning 106.452 Sandblasting and other dry-
abrasive cleaning processes
performed indoors that meet certain restrictions are permitted
by rule.
Outdoor sandblasting requires site approval before
construction begins.

Outdoor Blasting: PI-7
or PI-7-CERT
Dry Abrasive
Cleaning: PBR
Checklist (TCEQ-
10139)
Washing and Drying of Glass
and Metal
106.453 “Equipment used for washing or drying products
fabricated
from metal or glass is permitted by rule, provided no volatile
organic materials are used in the process and no oil or solid
fuel is burned.”
No registration
required
Degreasing Units 106.454 Surface coaters that use degreasing
units may use this PBR
if they meet specific requirements about equipment
dimensions and location, operating procedures, solvent use
and storage, ventilation, and record keeping. They must use
less than 660 gallons per year of chlorinated solvents and
their use of all other solvents cannot exceed 1,500 gallons
per year.
Certain Units: PI-7 or
PI-7-CERT
Degreasing Units:
PBR Checklist
(TCEQ-10140)

Appendix B: Surface Coating Permit by Rule (30 TAC 106.433)
Surface coating or stripping facilities, excluding vehicle repair
and refinishing shops, shall
meet the following conditions of this section to be permitted by
rule.
(1) This section does not cover metalizing (spraying molten
metal onto a surface to
form a coating). However, this section does cover the use of
coatings which contain
metallic pigments.
(2) All facilities covered by this section at a site shall
implement good housekeeping
procedures to minimize fugitive emissions, including the
following.
(A) All spills shall be cleaned up immediately.
(B) The booth or work area exhaust fans shall be operating
when cleaning
spray guns and other equipment.
(C) All new and used coatings and solvents shall be stored in
closed
containers. All waste coatings and solvents shall be removed
from the site by
an authorized disposal service or disposed of at a permitted on-
site waste
management facility.

(3) Drying or curing ovens shall either be electric or meet the
following conditions:
(A) The maximum heat input to any oven must not exceed 40
million British
thermal units per hour (Btu/hr).
(B) Heat shall be provided by the combustion of one of the
following: sweet
natural gas; liquid petroleum gas; fuel gas containing no more
than 5.0 grains
of total sulfur compounds (calculated as sulfur) per 100 dry
standard cubic
foot; or Number 2 fuel oil with not more than 0.3 percent sulfur
by weight.
(4) No add-on control equipment shall be used to meet the
emissions limits of this
section. The total uncontrolled emissions from the coating
materials (as applied) and
cleanup solvents shall not exceed the following for all
operations:
(A) 25 tons per year (tpy) of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
and ten tpy of
exempt solvents for all surface coating and stripping operations
covered by
section at a site;
(B) 30 pounds per hour (lb/hr) of VOC and 5.0 lb/hr of exempt
solvents for all
surface coating and stripping operations covered by this section
at a site;
(C) if emissions are less than 0.25 lb/hr of VOC and/or exempt

solvents, a
facility is exempt from the remaining requirements of this
section, including
paragraphs (5)–(9) of this section.
(5) Opacity of visible emissions shall not exceed 5.0 percent.
Compliance shall be
determined by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency Method 9
averaged over a six-minute period.
(6) The following conditions apply to surface coating operations
performed indoors,
in a booth, or in an enclosed work area:
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(A) no more than six lb/hr of VOC emissions, averaged over any
five-hour
period, and 500 pounds per week per booth or enclosed work
area;
(B) minimum face velocity at the intake opening of each booth
or work area is
100 feet per minute (ft/min). Emissions shall be exhausted
through elevated
stacks that extend at least 1.5 times the building height above
ground level. All

stacks shall discharge vertically; rain protection shall not
restrict or obstruct
vertical flow;
(C) for spraying operations, emissions of particulate matter
must be
controlled using either a water wash system or a dry filter
system with a 95
percent removal efficiency as documented by the manufacturer.
The face
velocity at the filter shall not exceed 250 ft/min or that
specified by the filter
manufacturer, whichever is less. Filters shall be replaced
whenever the
pressure drop across the filter no longer meets the
manufacturer’s
recommendation.
(7) For surface coating operations that are performed outdoors
or in a non-enclosed
work area, or for indoor operations that do not meet the
conditions of paragraph (6)
of this section, the following conditions apply.
(A) No more than six lb/hr of VOC emissions, averaged over
any five-hour
period, and 500 pounds per week shall be emitted at any time
for all
operations authorized by this paragraph.
(B) If coatings applied with spray equipment contain more than
0.1 percent
by weight of chromates, lead, cadmium, selenium, strontium, or
cobalt, then
total VOC emissions shall be further limited to 240 pounds per
week and

2,000 pounds per year. If coatings are applied with non-spray
equipment
(such as brushes, rollers, dipping or flow coating), the
additional restrictions
in this paragraph do not apply.
(C) Coating operations shall be conducted at least 50 feet from
the property
line and at least 250 feet from any recreational area, residence,
or other
structure not occupied or used solely by the owner or operator
of the facility
or the owner of the property upon which the facility is located.
(D) Before construction of the facility begins, written site
approval shall be
received from the appropriate regional office of the commission
or any local
program having jurisdiction.
(8) The following records shall be maintained at the plant site
for the most recent 24
months and be made immediately available to the commission
or any pollution
control agency with jurisdiction:
(A) Material Safety Data Sheets for all coating materials and
solvents;
(B) data of daily coatings and solvent use and the actual hours
of operation of
each coating or stripping operation;

(C) a monthly report that represents actual hours of operation
each day, and
emissions from each operation in the following categories:
(i) pounds per hour;
(ii) pounds per day;
(iii) pounds per week; and
(iv) tons emitted from the site during the previous 12 months;
(D) examples of the method of data reduction including units,
conversion
factors, assumptions, and the basis of the assumptions.
(9) Before construction begins, the facility shall be registered
with the commission
using Form PI-7.
Effective September 4, 2000
Appendix C: Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and
Exempt-Solvent Content per Gallon of Coating

In order to determine compliance with surface coating rules and
regulations, including
Title 30 Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 106, you will need
to calculate the
amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and exempt
solvents that are emitted
from your operation. The first step is to determine how much of
these contaminants
are in 1 gallon of each coating that you will apply.
If your coating is ready to apply, and is not mixed, you can
determine the coating VOCs
and exempt-solvent contents from the technical data sheets,
paint supplier, or MSDS.
However, if you mix or thin your coatings, you will need to
calculate the VOC and
exempt-solvent content in your mixed (combined or “as
applied”) coating. You will
need to determine the VOC and exempt-solvent content for each
component in your
coating and determine the appropriate mixing and thinning
ratios. In some cases the
material-safety or technical data sheets include the “as mixed”
VOC and exempt-
solvent contents. Those values can be used if the mixing
instructions are followed
exactly. Note that 1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 128 fluid
ounces.
In the following examples, we will mix three different coatings.
Coating A is a single-
component coating with thinner. Coating B is a multiple-
component coating, and
Coating C is a multiple-component coating with thinner. The
data shown below will be
used for each example.

Example Data:
Component A VOC content 2.8 pounds per gallon
Component A exempt-solvent content 0.5 pounds per gallon
Component B VOC content 1.2 pounds per gallon
Component B exempt-solvent content 0.8 pounds per gallon
Thinner VOC content 7.3 pounds per gallon
Thinner exempt-solvent content 0.0 pounds per gallon
Mixing ratio 2 parts Component A to one part Component
B
Thinning ratio 10 parts of coating to 1 part thinner
Example: Coating A—Single Component Coating with Thinner
You check your MSDS and determine that the VOC content for
Component A is 2.8
pounds of VOC per gallon, and the VOC content for your
thinner is 7.3 pounds of VOC
per gallon. The exempt solvent content for Component A is 0.5
pounds per gallon. You
also learn from the paint supplier that, in order to get the right
blend, you will need to
use 10 parts of coating to 1 part of thinner (10:1 ratio). In this
example, you will use
5 gallons of Component A and 0.5 gallons of thinner, for a total
of 5.5 gallons of mixed
coating.
VOC Calculations
Now you need to determine how many pounds of VOC are in the
mixed coating and
thinner.

Multiply 2.8 pounds of VOC per gallon by 5 gallons to get 14
pounds of VOC for
Component A.
2.8 ��
��
× 5�� = ��
Then multiply 7.3 pounds of VOC per gallon by 0.5 gallon to
get 3.65 pounds of VOC for
the thinner.
7.3 ��
��
× 0.5 �� = �. ��
Add the two amounts together to get the pounds of VOC in the
mixed coating.
14 �� + 3.65 �� = ��. ��
Then divide the total pounds of VOC by the total gallons of
mixed coating and thinner
to get the pounds of VOC per gallon.
17.65 ��
5.5 ��

=
�. ��
��
Exempt-Solvent Calculations
Now you need to determine how many pounds of exempt solvent
are in the mixed
coating and thinner. Multiply 0.5 pounds per gallon of exempt
solvent by 5 gallons to
get 2.5 pounds of exempt solvents for Component A.
0.5 ��
��
× 5 �� = �. � ��
The ES content in the thinner is 0.0 lb. You add the two
amounts together to get the
pounds of exempt solvents in the mixed coating.
2.5 �� + 0.0 �� = �. � ��
You then divide the total pounds of exempt solvents by the total
gallons of mixed
coating and thinner to get the pounds of ES per gallon.
2.5 ��
5.5 ��
=
�. ��
��

Example: Coating B—Multiple-Component Coating
In this example, the paint supplier has recommended a mixing
ratio of 2 parts of
Component A to 1 part of Component B (2:1 ratio). In this case,
you will mix 1 gallon of
Component A and 0.5 gallons of Component B for a total of 1.5
gallons of mixed
coating.
VOC Calculations
To determine the pounds of VOC in Component A, multiply 2.8
pounds of VOC per
gallon (from the MSDS) by 1.0 gallons.
2.8 ��
��
× 1.0 �� = �. � ��
To determine the pounds of VOC in Component B, multiply 1.2
pounds of VOC per
gallon (from the MSDS) by 0.5 gallons.
1.2 ��
��

× 0.5 �� = �. � ��
Add the two amounts together to get the pounds of VOC in the
multiple component
coating.
2.8 �� + 0.6 �� = �. � ��
mixed coating to get the
pounds of VOC per gallon.
3.4 ��
1.5 ��
=
�. ��
��
Exempt -Solvent Calculations
Now you need to determine how many pounds of exempt solvent
are in the mixed
coating. Multiply 0.5 pounds per gallon of exempt solvent by 1
gallon to get 0.5 pounds
of exempt solvents for Component A.
0.5 ��
��
× 1 �� = �. � ��
To determine the pounds of exempt solvent in Component B,
multiply 0.8 pounds of

exempt solvent per gallon (from the MSDS) by 0.5 gallons to
get 0.4 pounds of exempt
solvent.
0.8 ��
��
× 0.5 �� = �. � ��
Add the two amounts together to get the pounds of exempt
solvent in the multiple-
component coating.
0.5 �� + 0.4 �� = �. � ��
Then divide the total pounds of exempt solvent by the total
gallons of mixed coating to
get the pounds of ES per gallon.
0.9 ��
1.5 ��
=
�. � ��
��
Example: Coating C—Multiple-Component Coating with
Thinner
In this example, the paint supplier has recommended a mixing
ratio of 2 parts of
Component A to 1 part of Component B (2:1 ratio). In this case,
you will mix 1 gallon of
Component A and 0.5 gallons of Component B for a total of 1.5
gallons of coating.

The recommended thinning ratio is 10 parts of coating with 1
part thinner (10:1
ratio). In this example, 1.5 gallons of coating will be mixed
with 0.15 gallons of thinner
for a total of 1.65 gallons of mixed coating.
VOC Calculations
You know from the previous example, that there are 2.8 lb VOC
in 1 gallon of
Component A and 0.6 lb VOC in 0.5 gallon of Component B.
We determine the VOC content for the thinner by multiplying
7.3 pounds of VOC per
gallon by 0.15 gallon.
7.3 ��
��
× 0.15 �� = �. ��
Add the VOC content from Component A, Component B, and
the thinner together to get
the pounds of VOC in the multiple component coating and
thinner.
2.8 �� + 0.6 �� + 1.09 �� = �. ��
��

mixed coating to get the
pounds of VOC per gallon.
4.49 ��
1.65 ��
=
�. ��
��
Exempt-Solvent Calculations
You know from the previous example that there is 0.5 lb ES in 1
gallon of Component A
and 0.4 lb ES in 0.5 gallon of Component B. The ES solvent
content in the thinner is 0.0
lb ES.
You add the ES content from Component A, Component B, and
the thinner together to
get the pounds of exempt solvents in the mixed coating.
0.5 �� + 0.4 �� + 0.0 �� = �. � ��
Then divide the total pounds of exempt solvent by the total
gallons of mixed coating to
get the pounds of ES per gallon.
0.9 ��
1.65 ��
=

�. ��
��
Appendix D: Calculating Maximum Hourly and Annual
Emission Rates
Now that you know how much VOC each of your coatings
contain, you can determine
the maximum hourly and annual emission rates. These rates
need to be calculated for
each coating used at your site to determine if the limits of a
PBR can be met, to set the
maximum yearly allowable emission rate in a permit, or to
determine if federal rules,
such as 40 CFR Part 63 (NESHAP), apply to your site.
The maximum hourly and annual emission rates need to be
calculated independently.
Dividing a maximum yearly emission rate by the yearly
operating schedule will result
in an average hourly emission rate, not a maximum emission
rate. Multiplying a
maximum hourly emission rate by the yearly operating schedule
will likely result in an
emission rate that is too large. This may result in your site
being subject to a number
of rules that it should not.

Maximum Hourly and Annual Emission Rate Calculations—
Coatings
To calculate the maximum hourly and annual emission rates,
you will need to
determine the maximum practical hourly application rate based
on company records
or company employees. If you are spraying, this is always less
than the maximum
hourly spray rate provided by the spray-equipment supplier. The
employees cannot
keep the trigger pulled for an hour since they need to mix paint,
move parts and—if
their technique is good—release the trigger at the end of each
pass over the part. In
addition, you will need to determine the maximum amount of
each coating that you
intend to use in a year. This can be based on company records
for a very busy year or
on projected sales volumes.
We determine that the coating from Appendix C with the
highest VOC content is
Coating A, and that Coating B contains the highest amount of
exempt solvents.
Example Data:
Coating A VOC content 3.21 pounds per gallon
Coating B exempt-solvent content 0.6 pounds per gallon
Maximum hourly coating usage 6.0 gallons
Maximum yearly coating usage 4,750 gallons
Based on this information, you will need to calculate the
maximum VOC emission rate

and the maximum exempt solvent emission rate in pounds per
hour and tons per year.
Maximum Hourly VOC Emission Rate
To calculate the maximum hourly VOC emission rate, you
multiply the highest VOC
coating content (3.21 pounds per gallon for Coating A) by the
maximum number of
gallons used in one hour (6.0 gallons per hour).
3.21 ��
��
×
6.0 ��
ℎ�
=
��. ��
��
See Appendix E to learn how to average over any five-hour
period if your maximum
hourly VOC emission rate is greater than 6 pounds of VOC per
hour.
pg.html�

Maximum Hourly Exempt-Solvent Emission Rate
To calculate the maximum hourly exempt solvent emission rate,
you multiply the
highest exempt solvent coating content (0.6 pounds per gallon
for Coating B) by the
maximum number of gallons used in one hour (6.0 gallons per
hour).
0.6 ��
��
×
6.0 ��
ℎ�
=
�. � ��
��
Maximum Yearly VOC Emission Rate
In order to calculate the maximum yearly VOC emission rate,
you will need to multiply
the highest VOC coating content (3.21 pounds per gallon for
Coating A) by the
maximum yearly coating usage (4,750 gallons per year).
3.21 ��
��
×
4,750 ��

��
=
��, ��
��
You will then need to convert it into tons of VOC per year by
multiplying by 1 ton per
2,000 pounds.
15,248 ��
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
Maximum Yearly Exempt-Solvent Emission Rate
To calculate the maximum yearly exempt-solvent emission rate,
you will multiply the
highest exempt-solvent content (0.6 pounds per gallon for
Coating B) by the maximum
yearly coating usage (4,750 gallons per year).
0.6 ��
��
×
4,750 ��

��
=
�, ��
��
You will then need to convert it into tons of exempt solvent per
year by multiplying by
1 ton per 2,000 pounds.
2,850 ��
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
Maximum Hourly and Annual Emission Rate Calculations—
Cleanup
At the end of each coating operation, the application equipment
such as brushes, spray
guns, and paint pots must be cleaned up so that it may be used
for the next job. This is
often carried out by circulating solvent through the equipment
until clean or by
placing the spray gun in an enclosed gun washer. Both the
maximum hourly and

annual emission rates must be calculated for cleanup operations.
Air emissions are best estimated from cleanup by determining
the amount of solvent
that evaporates during cleaning. Using company records of
solvent purchased will
overestimate the rates, since a great deal of the solvent will end
up in the waste drum
for off-site disposal. Purchase records and waste-disposal
records will usually give you
a reasonably accurate yearly emission rate.
To calculate the emission rates from your cleanup activities,
you will need to
determine the VOC content of your thinner or cleaning solvent
by referring to your
MSDS or technical data sheets, or by contacting your coating
supplier. You will also
need to determine the maximum hourly and yearly thinner or
cleaning-solvent usage
from company records, the gun-washer service company, or
company employees.
Example Data:
Solvent VOC content 7.3 pounds per gallon
Solvent exempt solvent content 0.0 pounds per gallon
Maximum hourly solvent usage 2.0 gallons

Maximum hourly solvent waste 1.5 gallons
Maximum yearly solvent usage 500 gallons
Maximum yearly solvent waste 375 gallons
Clean up time 1 hour
Based on this information, you will need to calculate the
maximum VOC emission rate
for the cleanup activity in pounds per hour and tons per year.
Maximum Hourly VOC Emission Rate
In order to calculate your maximum hourly VOC emission rate
for cleanup activities,
you need to determine how much of your solvent evaporates
each time you clean your
equipment. You first subtract the number of gallons of dirty
solvent from the number
of gallons of clean solvent used each time you clean your
equipment.
2.0 ��
ℎ��
−
1.5 ��
ℎ��
=
�. � ��
��
In this case, you know that 0.5 gallons of solvent have
evaporated every time you clean

your equipment. Now you can determine how much VOC
emissions result from each
cleanup event by multiplying the number of evaporated gallons
by the VOC content in
1 gallon of solvent.
0.5 ��
ℎ��
×
7.3 ��
��
=
�. ��
��
Since cleanup is completed in an hour, the maximum VOC
emission rate from cleanup
is 3.65 pounds of VOC per hour.
Maximum Yearly VOC Emission Rate
In order to determine the maximum yearly VOC emission rate
for cleanup activities,
you need to determine how much solvent evaporates in a year
by subtracting the
amount of solvent wasted per year from the total amount
purchased.
500 ��
��
−

375 ��
��
=
��
��
In this case, you know that 125 gallons of solvent evaporated in
a year. To determine
how many pounds of VOCs were emitted in that year multiply
125 gallons per year by
the VOC content of the solvent (7.3 pounds per gallon).
125 ��
��
×
7.3 ��
��
=
��. � ��
��

You will then need to convert it into tons of VOC per year by
multiplying by 1 ton per
2,000 pounds.
912.5 ��
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
Maximum Hourly and Total Annual Emission Rates for VOC
and
Exempt Solvent
As a final step, the maximum hourly emission rates need to be
determined as well as
the total annual VOC and exempt-solvent emission rates. You
will need to gather all of
the hourly and annual emission rates for VOC and exempt
solvents for each coating
line. The maximum hourly emission rate will be the largest of
all the painting rates.
The total annual emission rate can be found by adding up all of
the yearly painting
emissions and the yearly cleanup emissions.
Example:
You compare all of the hourly emission rates in the summary

chart below and
determine that Coating A has the maximum hourly VOC
emission rate (19.26 pounds
VOC per hour) and Coating B has the maximum exempt-solvent
emission rate (3.6
pounds ES per hour).
You then add the annual VOC emissions rates from Coating A,
Coating B, Coating C, and
the cleanup solvent to determine the total annual VOC emission
rate.
7.62 ��
��
+
5.39 ��
��
+
6.46 ��
��
+
0.46 ��
��
=
��. ��
��
Next, add all of the annual exempt-solvent emission rates to
determine the total annual

ES emission rate.
1.07 ��
��
+
1.43 ��
��
+
1.31 ��
��
+
0.00 ��
��
=
�. ��
��
Example Summary Chart
Hourly VOC
Emission Rate
pounds per
hour
Annual VOC
Emission Rate
tons per year
Hourly ES

Emission Rate
pounds per hour
Annual ES
Emission Rate
tons per year
Coating A 19.26 lb
VOC/hr
7.62 tons VOC/yr 2.7 lb ES/hr 1.07 tons ES/yr
Coating B 13.62 lb
VOC/hr
Coating C 16.32 lb
VOC/hr
Cleanup
Solvent
3.65 lb VOC/hr 0.46 ton VOC/yr 0.0 lb ES/hr 0.00 ton ES/yr
Emission
Rates
Max = 19.26 lb
VOC/hr
Total = 19.93
tons VOC/yr

Max = 3.6 lb ES/hr
Total = 3.81 tons
ES/yr
Appendix E: Emission Rate Averaged Over a 5-Hour Period
The surface coating PBR, 30 TAC 106.433(6)(A), states that a
facility is limited to no
more than 6 pounds of VOC emissions, averaged over any 5-
hour period, and 500
pounds per week per booth or enclosed work area. That means
the rule allows the
emissions from batch painting to be averaged over a 5-hour
period. As long as the total
emissions over a 5-hour period average less than 6 pounds per
hour, the facility meets
the emission limit of the PBR.
Many surface coaters do not apply coatings continuously and
often coat one large
piece of equipment or a limited number of parts over a short
time period. This often
results in an emission rate exceeding the limit specified in the
rule.
Example:
You decide to paint a large part in one hour and allow it to dry

in the paint booth.
During that hour, you use 6 gallons of Coating A with a VOC
emission rate of 19.26
pounds per hour (from our example in Appendix D). For the
remaining four hours, you
do not conduct any additional surface coating activities.
To calculate the pounds per hour over a 5-hour averaging
period, you divide the
pounds of VOC emitted by the total number of hours passed
(not to exceed 5 hours)
from the beginning of painting until painting is to take place
again.
19.26 ��
5 ℎ��
= �. �� (�� -
�� )
The average emission rate is less than the limit specified in the
rule.
Note: Averaging cannot be used in case-by-case NSR permit
applications.
&pt=1&ch=106&rl=433�

Appendix F: Potential to Emit
Potential to emit is defined at Title 30 Texas Administrative
Code, Chapter 122,
Subchapter A, Section 122.10 as the maximum capacity of a
stationary source to emit
any air pollutant under its physical and operational design or
configuration.
Essentially, this means you need to determine the maximum
amount of air pollutants
that can be generated at your facility. PTE will be used to
determine whether you need
to obtain a Title V Operating permit, or comply with certain
federal rules.
There are two methods that a facility can use to determine PTE:
1. Calculate the maximum emissions of each pollutant assuming
that the facility
operates continuously, at its maximum rate, for an entire year
(8,760 hours per year);
or
2. Use the usage rates of coatings and solvents from the
facility’s busiest year to
calculate the maximum emissions of each pollutant.
Method 1 Example:
According to the manufacturer, your spray gun is capable of
spraying a maximum of 15
gallons per hour. You check your records and determine that the
coating with the
highest VOC content that may be used at the facility has a VOC
content of 3.2 pounds
per gallon. The PTE would be calculated as follows:

15 ��
ℎ�
×
3.2 ��
��
×
8,760 ℎ�
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
��. ��
��
In this example, the facility would be considered a major
source, since the PTE is over
100 tons of VOCs per year. This facility would need to obtain a
Title V operating
permit. It would also be subject to additional federal regulations
that apply to major
sources.
Method 2 Example (Recommended Method):
You review your purchase records and have never used, or
expect to use, more than
8,000 gallons of coatings in a year. The PTE would be

calculated as follows:
3.2 ��
��
×
8,000 ��
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
��. � ��
��
In this example, the facility can make this PTE a federally
enforceable limit on a PBR
application by using the PI-7-CERT form, and the site would be
considered a
“synthetic” minor source because its PTE is below the major-
source thresholds.
&pt=1&ch=122&rl=10�
&pt=1&ch=122&rl=10�

Appendix G: Calculation of Booth or Work-Area and Filter and
Face Velocities
Face velocities and filter velocities are specified at 30 TAC
106.433(6) as well as a
number of rules in 40 CFR Part 63.
• Face-velocity requirements ensure that enough air is moving at
a sufficient speed to
capture both particulate matter and solvent emissions and direct
them through the
filters and out the exhaust stack.
• Filter-velocity requirements ensure that air is moving slowly
enough through the
filters that they can capture the particulate matter as well as
maintain an acceptable
pressure drop across the filters.
Before attempting any face- or filter-velocity calculations, we
need to clearly define
“face.” The face is the area through which the intake air flows.
The face is in different
locations for different types of booths, as shown in each of the
drawings below.
For an open-face booth, the face to be used in calculating the
velocity is simply the
open side of the booth. Air flows into this opening past the
painter and the part and
into the filters.

For a cross- or end-draft booth the face is the entry-door
openings.
&pt=1&ch=106&rl=433�
pg.html�
For a downdraft booth the face is the intake of the air-makeup
unit which is usually
mounted on the top of the booth.
A semi-downdraft paint booth has a similar arrangement to a
downdraft booth in that
the face is the air-intake plenum, which is usually mounted on
the top of the booth.

A side downdraft booth has the same face as the downdraft
booth, which is the intake
of the air-makeup unit that is usually mounted at the top of the
booth.
Calculating Face Velocity
The TCEQ face-velocity requirement in 30 TAC 106.433(6) is
100 feet per minute, at a
minimum. However, some federal rules, such as 40 CFR, Part
63, Subpart MMMM,
require a face velocity of 200 feet per minute. Your facility
must meet the most
stringent regulations that apply.
In order to calculate face velocity, three pieces of information
are required:
1. the flow rate of the exhaust fan in cubic feet per minute (cfm
or ft3/min)
2. the flow rate of the air makeup unit fan in cubic feet per
minute
3. the area of all the booth openings that are normally open
when the booth is in
operation
The flow rates for the fans may be printed on their rating plates
or available in the
manuals that came with the booth or from the booth vendor. As
a last resort, you can
estimate the flow rate using a similar fan (diameter, number of
blades, and
horsepower). This information is often available in industrial

supply catalogs.
The area of the face may be determined from the manuals that
came with the booth or
by measuring the openings.
The area of a square or rectangular opening may be determined
as follows:
��ℎ (��) × ��ℎ (��) = �� (��2)
The area of a circular opening may be determined as follows:
� × �2 = ��
(π = 3.14 and r = radius of air intake opening)
3.14 × � (��) × � (��) = �� (��2)
&pt=1&ch=106&rl=433�
If the booth has more than one opening, then the areas of each
opening need to be
added together.

�� 1(��2) + �� 2(��2) +
�� 3(��2) = ��
��(��2)
If the booth has an exhaust fan and an air-makeup unit, the flow
rate from the air-
makeup unit will need to be subtracted from the exhaust-fan
flow rate.
��ℎ��- �� (��3/��) − ��-
��- �� (��3/��)
= �� (��3/��)
Face velocity can be calculated by dividing the flow rate by the
intake area as follows:
�� (��3/��)
�� (��2)
= �� (��/��)
Even if you do not have a booth, the face-velocity requirements
may still apply to your
work areas to meet the requirements in 30 TAC 106.433(6). The
calculation is the
same as for a booth except the room or work-area fan flow rates
and intake areas are
used in the calculation.
Calculating Filter Velocity
The TCEQ filter velocity requirement in 30 TAC 106.433(6) is
250 feet per minute, at a
maximum. In order to calculate filter velocity, two pieces of
information are required:

1. the flow rate of the exhaust fan in cubic feet per minute (cfm
or ft3/min)
2. the area of all the booth filters
If the booth has more than one filter opening, then the area of
each filter opening
needs to be added together.
�� 1 (��2) + �� 2 (��2) +
�� 3 (��2)
= �� (��)
If the booth has an exhaust fan and an air makeup unit, the flow
rate from the exhaust
fan will be used since all the air that enters the booth will pass
through the exhaust
fan.
�� (��3/��) = ��
(��/��)
Filter velocity can be calculated by dividing the flow rate by the
filter area as follows:
�� (��3/��)
�� (��2)
= �� (��/��)
&pt=1&ch=106&rl=433�

&pt=1&ch=106&rl=433�
Appendix H: VOC Content Minus Water and Exempt Solvents
If your facility is located in one of the ozone nonattainment or
near-nonattainment
counties in Texas, you may be subject to rules found in 30
Texas Administrative Code
(TAC), Chapter 115, Subchapter E. These rules include
stringent VOC-content limits
that apply to businesses that apply coatings. Your business may
be exempt from the
rule, so review 30 TAC 115.427 to determine if your operation
is subject to these
regulations.
If you are subject to the regulations, you will need to calculate
the VOC content of each
of your coatings minus water and exempt solvent (ES) in order
to determine if your
business is in compliance. This information may be available
from your supplier, so
check before you perform the calculations.
Example: Coating D—Single-Component Coating Minus Water
and Exempt Solvent
Pounds of VOC per gallon of coating (minus water and exempt
solvent)
=
��

�� − �� − ��
Where:
Wv = weight of VOC, in pounds, contained in Vm gallons of
coating
Vm = volume of coating, generally assumed to be 1 gallon
Vw = volume of water, in gallons, contained in Vm gallons of
coating
Ves = volume of exempt solvents, in gallons, contained in Vm
gallons of coating
This calculation requires some data that may not be readily
available on the MSDS.
You may need to contact your paint supplier in order to obtain
some of this
information.
Example:
In this example, you contact your paint supplier and determine
that the VOC content
(Wv) is 2.8 pounds of VOC per gallon, the water content is 1.0
pound per gallon, the
exempt solvent content is 0.5 pounds per gallon.
You know that one gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds and one
gallon of exempt
solvent weighs 6.64 pounds. You will need to calculate the
volume of water (Vw) and
volume of exempt solvents (Ves).
Data for 1 Gallon of Coating
VOC content (Wv) 2.8 lb VOC per gal coating
Coating volume (Vm) 1.0 gal

Water content 1.0 lb water per gal coating
Water density 8.34 lb water per gal water
Water volume (Vw) Calculate
Exempt-solvent content 0.5 lb exempt-solvent per gal coating
Exempt-solvent density 6.64 lb exempt-solvent per gal exempt
solvent
Exempt-solvent volume (Ves) Calculate
&pt=1&ch=115&rl=427�
First, you need to determine the volume of water in 1 gallon of
coating. You know
that there is 1.0 pound of water per gallon of coating. You also
know that 1 gallon of
water weighs 8.34 pounds. If you multiply them, the pounds
cancel out and leave you
with the gallons of water in one gallon of coating.
�� =
1.0 ��
��
×
��

8.34 ��
=
�. ��
��
So now that you know how much of your coating is water, you
need to determine the
volume of exempt solvent (Ves) in 1 gallon of coating. You
know that there is 0.5
pounds of exempt solvent per gallon of coating. You also know
that 1 gallon of
exempt solvent weighs 6.64 pounds. If you multiply them, the
pounds cancel out and
leave you with the gallons of exempt solvent in one gallon of
coating.
�� =
0.5 ��
��
×
��
6.64 ��
=
�. ��
��
We can now complete the calculation to determine the pounds
of VOC per gallon of
coating (minus water and exempt solvent):

��
�� − �� − ��
=
2.8 ��
1 �� − 0.12 �� − 0.075 ��
=
�. ��
��(�� )
Daily Weighted Average—Determining Compliance with 30
TAC 115
If you determine that your coatings do not meet the VOC
content limits established at
30 TAC, Chapter 115, Subchapter E, you can either replace
them with compliant
coatings or calculate the daily weighted average for all coatings
combined in each
individual coating line. A coating line consists of a series of
applications that include
coating, drying, and curing.
The daily weighted average option is defined at 30 TAC
115.420(6) as:
The total weight of VOC emissions from all coatings subject to
the same emission
standard in Section 115.421 of this title (relating to Emission
Specifications), divided
by the total volume of those coatings (minus water and exempt
solvent) delivered to

the application system each day. Coatings subject to different
emission standards in 30
TAC 115.421 may not be combined for calculating the daily
weighted average.
If the daily weighted average still does not demonstrate
compliance with the rule, then
you will have to change coatings. Just adding more water and
exempt solvent to the
coating will not fix the problem. In fact, it will just make the
problem worse, and
increase the VOC content.
Example Data:
Coating D VOC content 3.47 lb VOC/gal (minus water and
exempt solvent)
Coating E VOC content 4.00 lb VOC/gal (minus water and
exempt solvent)
Coating F VOC content 2.52 lb VOC/gal (minus water and
exempt solvent)
You check your MSDS and determine that the VOC content is
3.47 pounds of VOC per
gallon for Coating D, 4.00 pounds of VOC per gallon for
Coating E, and 2.52 pounds of
VOC per gallon for Coating F. You review your records and
determine that you use 22
w=4&ti=30&pt=1&ch=115�
&pt=1&ch=115&rl=420�

&pt=1&ch=115&rl=421�
&pt=1&ch=115&rl=421�
&pt=1&ch=115&rl=421�
gallons per day of Coating D, 6.0 gallons per day of Coating E,
and 5.0 gallons per day of
Coating F, for a total of 33 gallons per day.
One out of the three coatings listed above is not compliant with
the coating VOC-
content limit of 3.5 pounds per gallon (minus water and exempt
solvent). Therefore,
you will need to calculate the daily weighted average in order to
determine if you can
continue to use this coating.
First, you need to determine how many pounds of VOC are
emitted from all of the
coatings combined each day. Multiply 3.47 pounds of VOC per
gallon by 22 gallons per
day to get 76.34 pounds of VOC per day for Coating D.
3.47 lb VOC
gal

×
22 gal
day
=
76.34 lb VOC
day
Next, multiply 4.00 pounds of VOC per gallon by 6.0 gallons
per day to get 24.00
pounds of VOC per day for Coating E.
4.00 lb VOC
gal
×
6.0 gal
day
=
24.00 lb VOC
day
Then multiply 2.52 pounds of VOC per gallon by 5.0 gallons
per day to get 12.6 pounds
of VOC per day for Coating F.
2.52 lb VOC
gal
×

5.0 gal
day
=
12.6 lb VOC
day
You then add these values together to determine the total VOC
emissions in pounds
per day.
76.34 lb VOC
day
+
24.00 lb VOC
day
+
12.6 lb VOC
day
=
112.94 lb VOC
day
Then divide the pounds per day by the total number of gallons
used in a day to
determine the pounds of VOC in 1 gallon of coating.
112.94 lb

day
×
day
33.0 gal
=
3.42 lb VOC
gal
The daily weighted average VOC content is 3.42 pounds of
VOC per gallon (minus
water and exempt solvent) for the day. As a result, the facility
has achieved compliance
with the limit of 3.5 pounds per gallon of VOC.
Appendix I: Calculations for Emissions of Products of
Combustion from Heaters and Ovens
Some facilities will use heaters or ovens to speed up the drying
of the coatings. If the
unit is electrically powered, there will be no emissions from
producing the heat itself.
If the source of the heat is one of the fuels allowed in 30 TAC
106.433(3), products of
combustion such as nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide
(CO), particulate matter

(PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and volatile organic compounds
will be emitted.
Emissions of products of combustion are easily estimated by
using the burner rating
on the heater or oven name plate or by contacting the oven or
heater supplier. The
ratings will typically appear as one of the following:
MMBtu/hr—million British thermal units per hour
MBtu/hr—thousand British thermal units per hour
SCF/hr—standard cubic feet per hour
In order to estimate emissions, you will need the heating value
of the fuel in British
thermal units per standard cubic foot (Btu/scf). This may be
obtained from your
supplier. For this example, a typical value of 1,020 Btu/scf for
natural gas may be used
in calculating emissions.
Finally, you will need to estimate how many hours per year that
you will use the oven
or heater.
The information that you have collected so far will be used
along with the emission
factors from the EPA Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors (AP-42), Section
1.4. This portion of the document is available on the EPA’s
website at
<http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/>.
The emission factors for natural gas units are as follows:
Air

Contaminant
Firing Rate Less Than
0.3 MMBtu/hr (lb/106 scf)
Firing Rate Between 0.3 MMBtu/hr
(lb/106 scf) and 100 MMBtu/hr (lb/106
NO
scf)
94 x 100
CO 40 84
PM 7.6 7.6
VOC 5.5 5.5
SO 0.6 2 0.6
As you can see, the emission factor units are in lb/106 scf,
which can be rewritten as
lb/million scf or lb/MMscf.
Example:
You have a natural gas–fired drying oven with a firing rate of
2.1 MMBtu/hr that you
use to dry parts at your shop. You’ve determined that the oven
has been used a
maximum of 2,500 hours in a year. You find your emission
factors at the EPA’s
website. Now you are ready to calculate your hourly (short-
term) emissions as well as

your annual (long-term) emissions.
http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/�
Multiply the emission factor of the contaminant (lb/MMscf) by
1/heating value of fuel
(Btu/scf) by the firing rate (from the name or rating plate) in
MMBtu/hr to get the
hourly (short-term) emissions. Multiply the hourly (short-term)
emission (lb/hr) by
the yearly hour of operation (hr/yr), then divide by 2,000 lb to
convert to tons to get
the annual (long-term) emissions.
Hourly (Short-term) Emissions in Pounds per Hour
Nitrogen Oxides
100 ��
��
×
��
1,020 ��
×
2.1 ��
ℎ�
=

�. ��
��
Carbon Monoxide
84 ��
��
×
��
1,020 ��
×
2.1 ��
ℎ�
=
�. ��
��
Particulate Matter
7.6 ��
��
×
��
1,020 ��
×
2.1 ��

ℎ�
=
�. ��
��
Volatile Organic Compounds
5.5 ��
��
×
��
1,020 ��
×
2.1 ��
ℎ�
=
�. ��
��
Sulfur Dioxide
0.6 �� 2
��
×
��
1,020 ��
×

2.1 ��
ℎ�
=
�. ��
��
Annual (Long-term) Emissions in Tons per Year
Nitrogen Oxides
0.206 ��
ℎ�
×
2,500 ℎ�
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
Carbon Monoxide
0.173 �� CO
ℎ�
×

2,500 ℎ�
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
Particulate Matter
0.016 �� PM
ℎ�
×
2,500 ℎ�
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
Volatile Organic Compounds
0.011 �� VOC
ℎ�

×
2,500 ℎ�
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
Sulfur Dioxide
0.001 �� SO2
ℎ�
×
2,500 ℎ�
��
×
1 ��
2,000 ��
=
�. ��
��
If you need help completing these calculations, feel free to
contact the Air Permits

Division at 512-239-1250.
Appendix J: Examples of Acceptable Stack Designs
Appendix K: Compliance Worksheet
You will need to gather information about your business from
your records, your paint
supplier, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), or technical data
sheets in order to
complete calculations and determine compliance with various
regulations. Answering
the following questions will help you get started.
Materials Usage
How many gallons of cleaning and stripping solvents do you use
per year?
___________ gallons

How many gallons of coatings, excluding plating materials, do
you use per year?
___________ gallons
How many pounds of dye do you use per year?
___________ pounds
How many gallons of bleach do you use per year?
___________ gallons
How many gallons of fragrance, excluding odorants, do you use
per year?
___________ gallons
How many gallons of detergents (water-based surfactants) do
you use per year?
___________ gallons
VOC and Exempt-Solvent Content per Gallon of Coating
If you mix your coatings, what is the VOC and exempt-solvent
content in each
component of your mixed coating?
Component A: ______ pounds VOC per gallon _____ pounds
ES per gallon
Component B: ______ pounds VOC per gallon _____ pounds
ES per gallon
Thinner: ______ pounds VOC per gallon _____ pounds ES per
gallon

If you mix your coatings, what is the mixing ratio for your
mixed coating?
_____:_____ ratio
If you thin your coatings, what is the thinning ratio for your
mixed coating?
_____:_____ ratio
Coating Activities
What is the VOC and exempt solvent content in each mixed
coating and thinner?
Coating A: ______ pounds VOC per gallon ______ pounds ES
per gallon
Coating B: ______ pounds VOC per gallon ______ pounds ES
per gallon
Coating C: ______ pounds VOC per gallon ______ pounds ES
per gallon
Thinner: ______ pounds VOC per gallon ______ pounds ES per
gallon
What is the maximum amount of coating you apply hourly and
annually?
___________ gallons per hour ___________ gallons per year

Cleanup Activities
What is the VOC content in your cleanup solvent?
___________ pounds VOC per gallon
What is the maximum amount of cleanup solvent you use hourly
and annually?
___________ gallons per hour ___________ gallons per year
How much of the used solvent is discarded after the cleanup is
complete?
___________ gallons
Booth Specifications
What is the flow rate of your exhaust fan in cubic feet per
minute?
___________ cubic feet per minute
What is the flow rate of the air makeup unit fan in cubic feet
per minute?
___________ cubic feet per minute
What is the area of all the booth openings that are normally
open when the booth is in
operation?
___________ square feet
Surface Coating FacilitiesContentsIntroductionWhich Air
Authorization Applies to You?De MinimisPermit by RuleWho
Can Register Under a PBR?General Requirements (30 TAC

106.4)Overview of Requirements for Surface Coating Facilities
(30 TAC 106.433)How Do I Obtain Coverage Under a
PBR?New Source Review PermitTitle V Federal Operating
PermitOther RequirementsGeneral Air Quality Rules (30 TAC
101)Nuisance EmissionsEmissions InventoryFeesEmissions
Banking and Trading ProgramNonattainment and Near-
Nonattainment Areas (30 TAC 115)VOC Content Limits (30
TAC 115.421)Can I Use a Coating Above the VOC Content
Limits?Exemptions (30 TAC 115.427)New Source Performance
Standards (40 CFR, Part 60)National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (40 CFR, Part 63)Common Air
Violations for Surface CoatersFor More InformationAppendix
A: Common Permits by Rule for Surface Coating
FacilitiesAppendix B: Surface Coating Permit by Rule (30 TAC
106.433)Appendix C: Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) and
Exempt-Solvent Content per Gallon of CoatingExample:
Coating A—Single Component Coating with ThinnerExample:
Coating B—Multiple-Component CoatingExample: Coating C—
Multiple-Component Coating with ThinnerAppendix D:
Calculating Maximum Hourly and Annual Emission
RatesMaximum Hourly and Annual Emission Rate
Calculations—CoatingsMaximum Hourly VOC Emission
RateMaximum Hourly Exempt-Solvent Emission RateMaximum
Yearly VOC Emission RateMaximum Yearly Exempt-Solvent
Emission RateMaximum Hourly and Annual Emission Rate
Calculations—CleanupMaximum Hourly VOC Emission
RateMaximum Yearly VOC Emission RateMaximum Hourly and
Total Annual Emission Rates for VOC and Exempt
SolventAppendix E: Emission Rate Averaged Over a 5-Hour
PeriodAppendix F: Potential to EmitMethod 1 Example:Method
2 Example (Recommended Method):Appendix G: Calculation of
Booth or Work-Area and Filter and Face VelocitiesCalculating
Face VelocityCalculating Filter VelocityAppendix H: VOC
Content Minus Water and Exempt SolventsExample: Coating
D—Single-Component Coating Minus Water and Exempt
SolventDaily Weighted Average—Determining Compliance with

30 TAC 115Appendix I: Calculations for Emissions of Products
of Combustion from Heaters and OvensAppendix K:
Compliance WorksheetMaterials UsageVOC and Exempt-
Solvent Content per Gallon of CoatingCoating
ActivitiesCleanup ActivitiesBooth Specifications

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