![York: Russell Sage.
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 2
Running head: [INSERT TITLE HERE]
[INSERT TITLE HERE]
Student Name
Allied American University
Author Note
This paper was prepared for [INSERT COURSE NAME],
[INSERT COURSE ASSIGNMENT] taught by [INSERT
INSTRUCTOR’S NAME].
PART I: WRITING ASSIGNMENT
Task #1: Read the following scenario and provide an analysis
using the SARA model.
Officers assigned to your district have been responding to a](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningheadannotatedbibliography1promptsthesocialsci-221106043934-28b8d3a1/85/Running-head-ANNOTATED-BIBLIOGRAPHY1PROMPTS-THE-SOCIAL-SCI-docx-4-320.jpg)
Running head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY1PROMPTS THE SOCIAL SCI.docx
- 1. Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 PROMPTS: THE SOCIAL SCIENCES American prisons have a disparate number of minority inmates in their populations. Is this trend due to a higher rate of minority crimes or the manner in which the judicial system operates? Research the possible answers, and defend a single cause of this disparity. Many people have questioned the fairness of the United States’ criminal justice system. This is because of the high number of black inmates in the United States’ prisons despite the fact that they are the minority group. This scenario has led to many scholars and observers questioning the handling of cases regarding blacks. Some argue that the whites should be the majority in these prisons since they are also the majority group. The following annotated bibliographies are going to look into this issue in order to find out what is the cause of this situation. Boothe, D. (2007). Why are so many black men in prison? United States: Full Surface. According to Boothe, war on drugs is believed to be the major factors in leading to the increased number of blacks in the United States’ prisons. This is because of the high chances of a person convicted for handling drugs ending up in prison, especially blacks. This is because of the notion that blacks were the perpetrators of these activities in the United States. This is an important source as it outlines the inequality in the way drug cases involving blacks and whites are handled. For instance, many whites involved in drug cases for the first time are usually put on probation. This is unlike the blacks who are given sentences directly as they are viewed to be harmful to the society. Clear, T. R. (2012). American corrections in brief. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
- 2. According to Clear, the United States’ prisons are operated at the federal and state level. These levels depend on the nature of crimes that the convicts did. Those that did serious crimes such as murder are usually held in maximum-security prisons while those that committed less serious crimes are held in minimum-security prisons. However, in both prisons, majority of the prisoners are blacks. The high number of black inmates in these prisons is an indicator that there is something wrong with the United States’ criminal justice systems. This makes this book an important source of information on my topic. I therefore plan to use to derive important information on the disparities being experienced in American courts. Flowers, R. B. (1990). Minorities and criminality. New York: Praeger. In this book, Flowers talks about representation of various groups living in the United States in juvenile prisons. According to Flowers, majority of juvenile inmates come from poor backgrounds, which are mainly blacks. The author says that the whites are the least represented in these prisons despite the fact that they are the majority in terms of the general population. This book is very important in doing my research as it contains a lot of important information on the inequalities that the minority groups face in terms of justice. For instance, the whites’ juveniles are given minimum punishments whereas blacks are given harsh punishments. Therefore, using this book I will explain properly the injustices being done on blacks through being given longer sentences for committing simple crimes. Mann, C. R. (1994). Unequal justice: A question of color. Bloomington, Ind. [u.a: Indiana Univ. Press. In this book, Mann tries to look at the disparities in the United States criminal justice system by looking at the disparities in the administration of law. According to this book, statistics reveal that race had a close relationship with
- 3. imprisonment. For instance, he says that black Americans accounted for 78 per cent of prisoners in state owned prisons in North Carolina. These scenarios show that there are disparities when it comes to administration of law, with some races being favored. This is book is a very important source as it outlines the disparities experienced in the United States judicial systems. I am therefore going to show how this systems practices injustice instead of justice in making rulings using this book. For instance, the author says that there are a lot of prejudices in the U.S courts brought about by language problems. Western, B. (2007). Punishment and inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage. According to Bruce Western the number of prisoners in the United States has increased more than seven times in the last three decades. Western says that incarceration is a regular phenomenon in today’s society and further says that over 60 per cent of blacks who dropped out of school have spent some of their time in prison. This is because of the inequality in giving punishments for crimes that people commit. This book is a very important source as it explains how blacks are wrongly sentenced for crimes they did not commit. At the same time, blacks are given longer sentences than the whites even if they committed similar mistakes. References Boothe, D. (2007). Why are so many black men in prison?. United States: Full Surface Clear, T. R. (2012). American corrections in brief. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Flowers, R. B. (1990).Minorities and criminality. New York: Praeger. Mann, C. R. (1994). Unequal justice: A question of color. Bloomington, Ind. [u.a.: Indiana Univ. Press. Western, B. (2007). Punishment and inequality in America. New
- 4. York: Russell Sage. [INSERT TITLE HERE] 2 Running head: [INSERT TITLE HERE] [INSERT TITLE HERE] Student Name Allied American University Author Note This paper was prepared for [INSERT COURSE NAME], [INSERT COURSE ASSIGNMENT] taught by [INSERT INSTRUCTOR’S NAME]. PART I: WRITING ASSIGNMENT Task #1: Read the following scenario and provide an analysis using the SARA model. Officers assigned to your district have been responding to a
- 5. number of noise complaints, reckless driving, and fight calls in the area of 7500 Commercial Row. This area contains a number of restaurants, bars, and several strip malls that attract juveniles and young adults. Within the past week, there have also been three gang-related drive-by shootings and seven gas drive-offs. A majority of the underage adults are attracted to the area by a dance club located in one of the strip mall centers and two all- night fast-food restaurants. All three locations attract large crowds that loiter and drink alcohol in their parking lots. The owners of the shopping centers have also complained about thousands of dollars in vandalism by the loitering youths. Task #2: Explain how you would apply the COPPS concept to the situation. In your analysis, also explain any other crime- prevention solutions you might have, including the use of the patrol vehicle. PART II: JOURNAL ACTIVITY Research a department website online or a police agency in your area and write a 200-400 word essay (1-2 pages, 12-point font, double spaced) on how community oriented policing techniques are used by the agency. Be specific regarding what types of community oriented techniques are used by patrol officers, as well as any other divisions within the department. ENG122: Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS
- 6. DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, LOWER DIVISION VERSION 2013 (FALL) P A G E | 1 ENGLISH 122: COMPOSITION II ~ Ancillary Materials ~ Research Paper Guidelines INTRODUCTION To write the Final Research Paper for this course, you must choose one writing prompt and develop a position. Your thesis statement forms the basis of your position and guides your argument to a logical conclusion. The thesis statement will answer any question(s) presented in the writing prompt in one to two clear sentences. In the body of the paper, you will examine issues that are relevant to your thesis statement and use research to support your claims about those issues. Each claim or assertion must be supported by
- 7. scholarly research in the form of summaries, paraphrased information, or direct quotes from published, credible sources. Each paragraph should address one topic that directly supports your thesis statement. Research is an analytical process, so you are expected to discuss multiple viewpoints and to present research results in an impersonal manner. It is also important to remember that a persuasive essay does not simply report information or summarize sources; it uses research to develop an argument and/or prove a point. At the end of your paper, you will need to provide a conclusion that features a closing argument, a paper summary, and a rephrased thesis statement. PROMPTS: ARTS, MEDIA, AND PHILOSOPHY 1. Should organized religious groups be allowed to act as political advocates or should they focus only on the spiritual needs of people? Is it possible to strike a balance? Research all sides of this debate and defend a single position in your persuasive essay.
- 8. 2. The word “hero” is culturally-specific and is often applied to sports figures, celebrities, and cultural icons. Define how the term is currently and most commonly used in mass media, and decide if you agree or disagree with who is considered heroic. If you agree with its current usage, explain to readers why you feel it is appropriately applied. If you disagree, make the case for the people you would define as heroic and explain your reasoning. 3. In 2012, three of the top-grossing action films featured female heroes: The Hunger Games, Breaking Dawn, and Brave (IMDB, n.d., “Most Popular Feature Films Released in 2012”). Do you believe it’s noteworthy that so many recent films have female heroes, or do you believe that female role models have always been present in American movies? Explain your position through examples and analysis of these characters. Finally, are these depictions important? It is important that you select a single writing prompt that interests you. You will spend the next five weeks researching and writing about that subject.
- 9. ENG122: Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, LOWER DIVISION VERSION 2013 (FALL) P A G E | 2 4. In an age of information, are Americans more or less literate than they used to be? Persuade the reader to agree with the paper’s position while exploring the consequences of this trend. With advances in technology, more and more people are becoming digitally literate. What is “digital literacy”? Research and define this term, and decide whether or not this is a necessary skill in today’s society. Be sure to support your opinion using researched facts and thought out reasons. 5. Consider the value of historical architecture across America. Is historic preservation inhibiting growth in our cities and towns, or is it adding value to our communities? Research historic preservation and urban planning in an area near you, and explore the best city planning and historic preservation balance for the future.
- 10. PROMPTS: SCIENCE, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT 1. From the fictional worlds of Flash Gordon to Star Trek, humans have long been fascinated with space exploration. But exploring outer space is a complex endeavor that requires developing not just advanced science and technology, but also economic investment. With so many other problems on this planet, why do people support space exploration? Research various angles on the debate, identify organizations that support it, and include arguments that question or oppose space exploration. Establish your own position in a clearly stated thesis. If you support space exploration, explain how it will benefit humanity. If you question its value, explain why. 2. What is the impact of disposable products and packaging in the marketplace and on the environment? Research and explain why new government regulations should be developed to curb over-packaging, or persuade the reader to believe that the environmental hazards are being overstated. 3. Some argue that electric cars protect the environment and that the government should, therefore, offer subsidies and incentives for manufacturers and consumers of these vehicles.
- 11. Alternatively, some studies indicate that electric vehicles do not have any positive impact on the environment due to the pollution caused by testing and manufacturing. Build a strong position on the issue of government subsidies and incentives for electric cars, and state whether they should come to an end. 4. The National Football League (NFL) has come under fire for the long-lasting medical consequences of players’ game-related head injuries. Is the NFL to blame for the deaths of former players Junior Seau, Jovan Belcher, Ray Easterling, and/or O.J. Murdock? Research the medical and scientific factors in addition to legal liability to support your position. 5. Obesity is a hot topic, from Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move” initiative to rising childhood diabetes rates to economic repercussions like “fat taxes.” Should a person’s weight be a matter of public discussion? Are the arguments that obesity is considered an epidemic sound? Provide research debating all sides of the issue and conclude with a personal decision on how obesity should be addressed in society. PROMPTS: THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
- 12. 1. American prisons have a disparate number of minority inmates in their populations. Is this trend due to a higher rate of minority crimes or the manner in which the judicial system operates? Research the possible answers, and defend a single cause of this disparity. ENG122: Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, LOWER DIVISION VERSION 2013 (FALL) P A G E | 3 2. The United States used to be called a melting pot, wherein different groups supposedly blended into one. Now a more popular term to describe the United States is “salad bowl,” wherein different racial, ethnic, and cultural groups maintain their identities as both non- European immigrants and Americans. Discuss the history of immigration in the United States and how it has transformed the nation. Why do you think this new term is in fashion? What do you think of it? Support your position by considering voices debating all aspects of this discussion.
- 13. 3. Is the use of military force the only way to prevent terrorism? What are the other possible alternatives? Research possible strategies for prevention of terrorism and propose the best choice for today’s American policymakers. 4. As a representative democracy, America’s popular vote can be undermined by the Electoral College in presidential elections. Should the United States move to a popular vote electoral system or keep the current system intact? Research the rationale, technology, and policies involved in presidential elections and persuade the reader to agree with your assertions. 5. Privacy was once valued and protected. Diaries came with locks to keep the writer’s privately recorded thoughts from being read by others. Public telephones were enclosed in booths so that conversations would not be overheard. But now with so many new and convenient technological advancements, is privacy in the 21st century possible? Write a well-researched paper, which defines “privacy,” and discusses whether or not it is possible in American society today. PROMPTS: BUSINESS AND BUSINESS ETHICS 1. Telecommuting (working from home) is a growing trend in the work world. Many people are attracted to the idea of not reporting to an office. While there might be positive impacts to telecommuting, such as preserving the environment and saving
- 14. the cost of office space, there could be negative impacts as well. Working at home challenges both business management practices (how businesses will organize work flow) and individual worker’s behavior (it requires self-motivation and discipline).Explore the topic by researching various angles to telecommuting and how it potentially the workforce. Identify studies that support it, and why. Identify arguments that question or oppose widespread telecommuting. Based on your research, establish your own position in a clearly stated thesis. If you support telecommuting, tell why and how it will benefit businesses. If you question its value, explain why. 2. In American today, statistics indicate that there is a gender income gap where men and women do not make the same money for the same job. Research the gender income gap and its causes. Is there a solution to this inequality? Support your conclusion. 3. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees prescription drug advertising with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and associated regulations. Should the FDA ban direct- to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs? Argue for or against the use of direct advertising by pharmaceutical companies in a well-researched essay. 4. Should “sin taxes” on alcohol and tobacco be increased to help pay for the increasing costs of medical care? Present a strong position that is supported by
- 15. academic research. 5. Should an American business be permitted to claim it is an ethical firm if it ignores unethical practices by its international suppliers? Research issues such as the use of child labor, manufacturing production in sweatshops, health/safety/environmental standards, etc. in the outsourced manufacturing of American goods, and defend a strong position on this issue. PROMPTS: EDUCATION AND CHILDCARE 1. Some educators and parents have expressed doubts about the benefits the No Child Left ENG122: Composition II Research Paper Guidelines ASHFORD UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, LOWER DIVISION VERSION 2013 (FALL) P A G E | 4 Behind Act (NCLBA). Write a well-researched paper defending or rejecting No Child Left Behind. 2. Common Core State Standards are the newest reforms in the field of education. Research
- 16. your own state’s Common Core Standards and defend or refute the program based on your research. 3. Popular news has reported on the risks of daycare as a potential cause of damage to children's cognitive development and social skills. Conversely, recent studies have shown no correlation between daycare attendance and negative child development. Conduct research and argue the case for or against daycare for babies and young children. 4. Distance learning, also known as online learning, for the high school student population has been increasing as an alternative model of education. Define and explain how this distance learning environment is different from the more traditional model of a high school. Research, discuss, and explain several of the pros and cons of this type of learning for this specific population. Make your own argument either for or against online learning for high school students and support your viewpoint by using the research you have found to support your argument. Finally, explain why this is an important issue to discuss. 5. Many public schools now require students to wear uniforms. Discuss this topic by explaining some of the possible reasons for or against this requirement. Do you feel that school uniforms should or should not be a requirement? Support your viewpoint with relevant scholarly research that will support your reasons for making this argument. Finally, discuss
- 17. why this is an important issue to consider.