Running head USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING .docx
- 1. Running head: USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING 1 USING IT TO MODEL BEHAVIOR FOR POLICY MAKING 9 Using IT to Model Behaviour for Policy Making Naga Devika Cheekati University of The Cumberlands Annotated Bibliography Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2014). Simulation of the smart grid communications: Challenges, techniques, and future trends. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 40(1), 270-288. Li and Zhang (2014), investigate how technology can be used in a simulation that would aid in determining how effectively
- 2. smart grid technology can be implemented. The successful implementation of smart grid technology requires the combination of several different frameworks that rely on information communication technology to aid in the regulation of power created and supplied. A simulation of possible communication networks that can be used is made in the study as a way of testing the viability of a smart grid system and its application in reality. The paper successfully identifies various simulation frameworks that can be used to successfully gauge how the system can be created. The findings show that information technology can play an integral role in creating simulations that can support policymaking. Sarabando, C., Cravino, J. P., & Soares, A. A. (2014). Contribution of a computer simulation to students' learning of the physics concepts of weight and mass. Procedia Technology, 13, 112-121. Sarabando, Cravino, and Soares (2014) investigate the use of computer simulation to analyse how students learn key concepts of physics. Software is used to analyse common learning processes used in teaching physics. Students in the sample population were asked to carry out learning activities ordinarily on the traditional learning environment. The results were then compared to learning activities that were carried out using computer software. The findings showed that the use of computer simulation in learning improved the retention rate, while the language used by teachers also impacted the speed of learning. The findings of the study can be used in the formulation of learning policies, which shows that IT simulation can be successfully used in the formulation of public policy. Mensah, P., Merkuryev, Y., & Longo, .. F. (2015). Using ICT in Developing a Resilient Supply Chain Strategy. Procedia Computer Science, 43, 101-108. Mensah, Merkuryev, and Longo (2015) analyse how simulation can be used to improve supply chain performance. According to the study, many different factors impact on the performance of a supply chain, some of which are not taken into consideration
- 3. when designing supply chain activities. Through simulation aided by information technology, all key factors that influence the performance of the supply chain can be analysed in-depth and included in simulation models. The models are then used to analyse how a supply chain will perform under different conditions, which aids managers in making better decisions about key design elements of their supply. Similar models can also be used in the design of key government processes and policies, using data collected on different variables that affect the performance of these processes. Belaud, J., Negny, S., Dupros, F., Michéa, D., & Vautrin, B. (2014). Collaborative simulation and scientific big data analysis: Illustration for sustainability in natural hazards management and chemical process engineering. Computers in Industry, 65(3), 521-535. Belaud, Negny, Dupros, Michéa, and Vautrin (2014), study the use of computer-aided simulation to investigate the possible ways of managing hazards in chemical processing facilities. According to the study, many different hazards are faced in chemical processing. Through simulation, it is possible to identify effective ways of managing these hazards as well as identifying the possible effects they can have on an organization as well as the environment. Through simulation, how different hazards can be successfully managed while taking into consideration the different environmental factors that exist in chemical processing are identified using 3D visualization and virtual process analysis. The findings of the study indicate that computer-aided simulation can be successfully used to analyse the effects of different government policies relating to the environment. Achachlouei, M., & Hilty, L. (2015). Modeling the Effects of ICT on Environmental Sustainability: Revisiting a System Dynamics Model Developed for the European Commission. ICT Innovations for Sustainability, 449-474. Achachlouei and Hilty (2015), study the use of simulation models to investigate the possible effects of information
- 4. communication technology on environmental sustainability. ICT is believed to have a major impact on information technology both positively and negatively. A computer-generated model is used to analyse all the possible effects that ICT can have the environment especially relating to greenhouse gas emissions. The findings of the simulation indicate that generally ICT contributes positively to environmental sustainability and is an effective means that can be used to manage greenhouse emissions from different sources. The findings indicate that computer-aided simulation models can be successfully used in providing information that can aid in the formulation of crucial government policies on the environment. Hilty, L., & Aebischer, B. (2015). ICT for Sustainability: An Emerging Research Field. ICT Innovations for Sustainability, 3- 36. Hilty and Aebischer (2015), analyse how simulation models can be used in the management of different types of resources as a way of contributing to sustainability. According to the study, different organizations can attain sustainability by efficiently using resources and identifying processes that contribute to conservation. Using simulation models aided by information technology, it is possible to identify highly efficient ways of using different resources, which aids in minimizing wastage and consequently contributes to sustainability. The study identifies a variety of simulation models that can be used to achieve this purpose including green ICT. The findings of the study indicate that information technology when used in simulations can enable government agencies to make policies on the most effective ways of using certain resources as a way of contributing to sustainability. Baiardi, F., Corò, F., Tonelli, F., & Sgandurra, D. (2014). Automating the assessment of ICT risk. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 19(3), 182-193 Baiardi, Corò, Tonelli, and Sgandurra (2014), use simulation models to analyse the risk that ICT systems pose in organizational contexts. According to the study, ICT plays an
- 5. increasingly prominent role in the successful operation of modern-day organizations. There is little information however on the possible effects that a failure of the system to perform as intended can have on an organization. Using a simulation model, the study investigates the different components of ICT systems and the risks that they pose to an organization. The findings of the study indicate that each component of the ICT system used by an organization needs to be investigated separately if all the risks that it poses are to be accurately identified. The findings of the study can be used in creating simulation models that risk that the use of ICT poses to the operation of the public sector. Khan, Z., Ludlow, D., Loibl, & Soomro, K. (2014). ICT enabled participatory urban planning and policy development: The UrbanAPI project. Transforming Government: People, Processes, and Policy, 8(2), 205-229. Khan, Ludlow, Loibl, and Soomro (2014), investigate how ICT models can be used in simulations that are meant to identify efficient urban plans for policy development. Using virtual simulation models, different urban plans are analysed in terms of their key features and different variables such as cost. Other considerations are also made about each model after which comparisons are made until the most efficient model is identified. Using this model, urban planners can be able to quickly compare different models and suggestions and make improvements that can be used to make policies on how actual development should take place. The findings of the paper indicate that ICT simulation is an effective tool that can be used to provide information for public policymaking. Baptista, G., Oliveira, T., & Popovic, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International Journal of Information Management, 34(1), 1-13. Baptista, Oliveira, and Popovic (2014) create a model that analyses key factors that people take into consideration when deciding whether or not to adopt internet banking. As part of
- 6. the study, the authors examine societal attitudes and factors that influence the use of technology to carry out important transactions. Using a sample of 249 cases the study identifies social influence and the relevant technical know-how as being the main factors that influence the rate of adoption of internet banking. The study shows that most people are comfortable with technological innovations that are widely accepted and that are known to have relatively low risk. The findings of the paper can be used in public policymaking about popular technological innovations that are considered to be controversial. Attuquayefio, S., & Addo, H. (2014). Using the UTAUT model to analyze students' ICT adoption. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 10(3). Attuquayefio and Addo (2014), analyses the adoption of information communication technology among college students using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). The main purpose of the study was to identify key factors that influence the intention and decision of college students to use ICT in their studies. A sample of 400 students was selected and online questionnaires used to identify how students in the sample used ICT. Performance expectancy and social influence were identified not having a statistically significant impact on the decision to use technology by students in the sample population. The findings indicate that simulation can provide useful information that can be used in making policies affecting education.
- 7. References Achachlouei, M., & Hilty, L. (2015). Modeling the Effects of ICT on Environmental Sustainability: Revisiting a System Dynamics Model Developed for the European Commission. ICT Innovations for Sustainability, 449-474. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-09228- 7_27 Attuquayefio, S., & Addo, H. (2014). Using the UTAUT model to analyze students' ICT adoption. International Journal of Education and Development using ICT, 10(3). Baiardi, F., Corò, F., Tonelli, F., & Sgandurra, D. (2014). Automating the assessment of ICT risk. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 19(3), 182-193. Baptista, G., Oliveira, T., & Popovic, A. (2014). Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International Journal of Information Management, 34(1), 1-13. Belaud, J., Negny, S., Dupros, F., Michéa, D., & Vautrin, B. (2014). Collaborative simulation and scientific big data analysis: Illustration for sustainability in natural hazards management and chemical process engineering. Computers in Industry, 65(3), 521-535. Hilty, L., & Aebischer, B. (2015). ICT for Sustainability: An Emerging Research Field. ICT Innovations for Sustainability, 3- 36. Khan, Z., Ludlow, D., Loibl, & Soomro, K. (2014). ICT enabled participatory urban planning and policy development: The UrbanAPI project. Transforming Government: People, Processes, and Policy, 8(2), 205-229. Li, W., & Zhang, X. (2014). Simulation of the smart grid communications: Challenges, techniques, and future trends.
- 8. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 40(1), 270-288. Mensah, P., Merkuryev, Y., & Longo, .. F. (2015). Using ICT in Developing a Resilient Supply Chain Strategy. Procedia Computer Science, 43, 101-108. Sarabando, C., Cravino, J. P., & Soares, A. A. (2014). Contribution of a computer simulation to students' learning of the physics concepts of weight and mass. Procedia Technology, 13, 112-121. Research Paper Rubric Component 100% 75% 50% 25% 0 Basic Requirements Formatted correctly, at least 500 words in length, citation page and internal citations correct (APA format), at least 2 cited peer reviewed sources. Does not meet required page length, and/or does not have 2 cited peer reviewed sources. Thesis Statement
- 9. Engaging, challenging, and clearly focuses the paper. Effectively stated in the introduction and carried throughout the paper. Clear and articulate, engaging and clearly focuses the paper, but is not challenging. Is effectively carried throughout the paper. Clearly stated in the introduction, attempts to be engaging, is adequate, but lacks insight and focus, and is carried through the paper. Included in the introduction, but is vague. Lacks insight, focus, and is not carried throughout the paper. Is vague or may be lacking in the introduction; is not focused and lacks development; is not carried throughout the paper.
- 10. Introduction Strong and effective, it is engaging and clearly defines the thesis, as well as provides a foundation for the body of the paper. Effective and engaging, defines the thesis and provides foundation for the body of the paper. Introduces the topic of the paper and builds a connection between the topic, the thesis, and the body of the paper. Informative but not engaging or strong. Introduces the topic of the paper loosely and includes the thesis statement. Provides little information regarding the topic. Includes little more than the thesis and shows no demonstrable knowledge of the topic of the paper. Content
- 11. Strongly and vividly supports the thesis and is reflective of strong, thorough research. Illustrates extensive knowledge of the topic. Every aspect of the thesis is supported by quality academic research. Strongly supports the thesis and is reflective of good, thorough research. Illustrates knowledge of the topic, but could be extended. Most aspects of the thesis are supported by quality academic research. Supports the thesis and reflects research, and illustrates adequate knowledge of the topic. Could be extended and shows some gaps in understanding of the topic. Although there may be some inconsistencies with support from quality academic research.
- 12. Related to the thesis but reflects inadequate research and knowledge of the topic, and demonstrates a lack of understanding. There may be a lack of support from quality academic research. Does not convey adequate understanding of the topic, the research, or the thesis. There are many unsupported aspects of the thesis and the research lacks quality sources. Organization Effectively organized. Logical structure of points and smooth transitions convey both understanding of topic and care in writing. Well organized, but may lack some transitions between ideas. Logical structure of most ideas conveys understanding of topic and composition. Ideas are logically
- 13. structured, but may lack transitions between ideas. Could benefit from reorganizing 1 or 2 ideas. Some significant gaps in organization are present but the basic framework of ideas is logical. Overall organization could be improved. Much of the paper lacks organization of ideas, making it difficult to understand the ideas expressed in the paper. Citation Format APA format is used accurately as needed throughout the entire paper. APA format is used throughout the entire paper, but may show variations or slight inconsistencies of format. APA format is used throughout the entire paper, but may be
- 14. noticeably inconsistent in format. APA format is used inaccurately and inconsistently in the paper. APA is not used (regardless of the number of sources or citations). Conclusion Strongly and clearly connects the thesis statement to the research to draw a specific conclusion that does not leave the reader with questions regarding the thesis. Clearly connects the thesis statement and the research to draw a clear conclusion that draws the research to a logical close. Connects the thesis statement and research to draw a conclusion regarding the research. Restates the topic statements throughout the paper.
- 15. Restates the thesis and the topic statements, but does not draw any specific conclusion about the research or the thesis. There is no conclusion; it restates the thesis at best. Conventions Conventions of standard written English are used with accuracy; there are few, if any, minor errors. Conventions of standard written English are used; there may be several minor errors of usage. Conventions of standard written English are used; however, there may be a few major errors and few minor errors of usage. Conventions of standard written English are used with numerous major errors
- 16. and several minor errors of usage. The paper shows significant errors in conventions of standard written English.