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RUNNING HEADER: GLOBALIZATION
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization
Joylyn Case
Rasmussen College-Vision of Am. – Section 01
Globalization
Established in 2000, Byte Level Research was the first firm
devoted only to the symbolization and exploration of web
globalization. It's a webpage that has counseled with several
multinationals and has realized what lives up to expectations
and what doesn't work and, exactly as imperative, where their
sites are going. This skill has continued into the strategy of the
Report Card, the first report devoted to best practices in web
globalization. The site does depict globalization as a
methodology of association and coordination among the
individuals, organizations, and legislatures of distinctive
countries, a procedure determined by universal exchange and
speculation and helped by data engineering.
Globalization, (davis 4) can likewise be depicted as a
"movement to a more incorporated and reliant world economy"
(Hill 7), has been the subject of numerous books and discourses
for as far back as decade. Alongside the advancement of
microchips, the Internet is maybe the most critical mechanical
development of our time, assuming a significant part in the
development of globalization. The Internet encouraged the
development of the development to a worldwide town through
the formation of less expensive, quicker and simpler method for
correspondence, the procurement of an unlimited pool of data,
and the extension of e-business.
The Internet gives a less expensive, speedier and simpler system
for correspondence, an option that has made a "worldwide group
of onlookers", as said by Renato Ruggiero, chief general of the
World Trade Organization. In surveying the expense of long
separation telephone calls versus that of online voice talk
sessions, the Internet is substantially more moderate
furthermore predominant in quality. Numerous web clients now
have web Polaroid’s, receivers, and the entire product important
to help this equipment. This permits clients to talk, see, and be
seen by the individual they are having a discussion with.
Individuals from Asia can convey discussions with Europeans,
Americans or Africans in the meantime, at no additional cost on
Msn Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, or MIRC. Correspondence is
likewise quicker on the web. An email is sent and got by the
other party in seconds, rather than customary mail, which may
take months to achieve its end when sent over the sea. Hence,
individuals everywhere throughout the world can stay in touch
all the time, impart online regular and even impart documents.
At the point when calculating in the usability of the Internet, it
is not difficult to see why such a variety of people lean toward
conveying thusly. In the site, they bring it out obviously that
globalization gives both positive and negative impacts on social
differing qualities which can have extensive effects.
The negative impact
Because of the phenomenal access to societies, a much more
extensive gathering of people than at any other time in recent
memory before has a portal to see, hear and experience
phenomena that were never open formerly (Smith, 2000).
Distortion, stereotyping and the danger of loss of social and
protected innovation rights are the results of unmonitored
access. Loss of independence and gathering personality happen
when globalization supports a 'Western perfect of
independence'. This pushes a homogeneous set of qualities and
convictions. The selection of Western Culture and belief
systems is seen as numerous machines intervened innovations
are produced, showcased and handled through western markets.
The positive impacts
The mechanical worldwide Mecca might be engaging for
different societies as it permits representation toward oneself
and data imparting on an entire new level. Innovation gives a
medium where portrayal of pictures and depictions of character
toward oneself can give the methods in which truism might be
built. Worldwide media focuses permit societies an unique
voice to advertise mindfulness and give open learning and
understanding of their stories and characters. It additionally
considers the correspondence of their important records and
discourses on issues that are vital in safeguarding the society
and information obtaining of social ways - permitting them to
hold their assorted qualities.
The political part
The site has portrayed political globalization as the expanding
number and force of human affiliations which impact or
administer the world overall. Political globalization has been
said to have a vital importance for people. Since political
globalization empowers to let governments consider all the
more in thought when they setting the arrangement.
Additionally, governments can ingest the encounters from
different nations. Case in point, today, china has learnt Open
political brain science and popularity based political origination
from different nations. In china, it has gotten to be prominent to
utilize western nations' encounters to tackle political issues, for
example, decision. Nonetheless, Political globalization likewise
has some negative impacts. Political globalization quickens the
clash in the middle of east and west.
The qualities are particularly American because of the way that
it is a standout amongst the most created states, it express that
The American economy is in an interestingly positive position
contrasted with whatever is left of the world, America having a
more extended independent mainland business, secure against
overall financial infection.
REFERENCES
Globalization has lowered wages for American workers, new
EPI study finds. (2013, March 22).
Retrieved September 12, 2014, from Economic Policy
Institution website: http://www.epi.org/press/globalization-
lowered-wages-american-workers/
Globalization and Politics: The Effects of globalization on
human life aspects
Presentation (Elaboration), 2001, 18 Pages Politics -
International Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political
Economics
The Politics of Globalization. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11,
2014, from John's Harvard Journal
website: http://harvardmagazine.com/1998/11/jhj.annan2.html
RUNNING HEAD: WATERGATE SCANDAL
Watergate scandal
Watergate Scandal
Joylyn Case
Rasmussen College- Vision of Am. Section 01
The cultural relevance of the article, promoter of the magazine
and their political biases
The article was funded by 400 associated Press managing
editors and to a greater extent the political opponents of
President Nixon (Kilpatrick, 1973). They wanted to publicize
the president’s view on the allegations that his administration
was involved in vices, especially the Watergate Scandal. In the
political scandal which occurred in the United States in the
70’s, the presidents administration was purported to have
broken into the Democratic National Committee headquarters
which was situated at Watergate office Complex in Washington.
People were massacred and the issue had been in picture for the
past few months, prior to the live session. Their political biases
were that they never asked about the positive things that the
president had done for the nation. They mainly focused in what
was not done in the right way by the president’s administration.
They mainly asked about Watergate scandal, milk rise and tax
evasion issues, all of which he were emphasized by the press in
their questions. They capitalized on his political weaknesses
instead of capitalizing on his strengths as well. The article
purports the president as being involved in the dirty tricks like
bugging the political opponents’ office out of suspicion. The
information on the issues was got from an FBI director who was
hired by the president’s opponents. The article depicted the
president as a hypocrite who dismissed the claims without clear
explanation. The article led to the president losing popular
support due to the bias that was exhibited in the article. The
president later resigned as a result of the scandals highlighted in
the question answer session.
Article’s main point and the writer's message to his/ her readers
The main point of the article was to inform the reader about the
turn of events during the hour long question answer session. In
the Associated Press Managing Editors annual convention, the
president disclosed a number of issues which were of concern to
the entire society. The article relives the questions which the
press asked on behalf of the society. The issues that the
president was questioned about were about unpaid income taxes,
Watergate scandal and a kickback from the milk lobby.
The article gives a clear description of the president’s
responses. The article outlined that, the president, in his
assertions, had acquitted himself in the best way. He was
described as being composed and atop the subject throughout
the session. It is only during the question about tax that he
showed a little panic. He was said to never criticize his
political enemies during the entire session. The article informs
the reader that the president, on being asked about the issue of
taxes which was reported on The Providence, R.I newspaper,
never disputed the little figures which he was said to have paid
in his refusal to paying income tax in 1971 and 1972(Kilpatrick,
1973).
The article also reminds the reader of the best part of the news
conference, and described it as being the time when he defended
himself on the claims that he had profited from his early years
in public service. Accordingly, he declared that, he had
previously made mistakes but he never profited from public
service and he had also never obstructed justice. The article’s
intention was to put across the message that the president did
not end the questions over his honesty issues. The statement “I
am not a crook”, was later used against him and the public
associated it with the water gate scandal.
The magazines impact on popular culture
The magazine made an impact on the popular culture. The
session was aired on the national television for every citizen to
watch. The citizens became aware of the president’s stand
concerning the Watergate scandal among the other issues which
he tackled (Kilpatrick, 1973). After, the magazine published
the article, the readers approved of the president’s skill in
dealing with the questions. The president used some words
while answering questions, some of which became common
phrase in future dialogues. In his defense to the Watergate case,
the president declared that he was not a crook and that he had
never profited from his public service. The statement said by
the president during the live interview session became popular
among the society. It was adapted by television shows such as
Family Guy and Saturday night live.
The magazine has made the president famous and he has been
remembered for the way he answered the questions asked by
press and the way he handled the situation has since been used
as reference in lawsuits. Since the time, presidents of other
countries have become democratic and give time for the press,
in case of issues of concern for the entire public. Presidents are
no longer feared by the press as it used to be in years prior to
the publishing of the question answer session between President
Nixon and the 400 associated Press managing editors. The
session brings laughter to the society as a result of the
statements uttered by president. He brought a sense of humor in
the serious issue when he was asked what he did about energy
conservation. He answered that he had saved energy by not
allowing a backup aircraft to follow him on that particular trip
to the press convention. He said that they would not impeach
him if the plane he used went down.
Reference
Kilpatrick, C. (1973). “Washington Post:Nixon Tells Editors,
'I'm Not a Crook'”. Retrieved from
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/111873-1.htm
RUNNING HEADER: POPULAR TELEVISION PROGRAM
Popular Television Program
Popular Television Program
Joylyn Case
Rasmussen College- Vision of Am. Section 01
Popular Television Program
I Love Lucy is one of the most legendary and popular situation
comedies of all time, maintaining its ability to charm audiences
even half a century later. The show follows the life of Lucy
Ricardo, a zany housewife in 1950s New York City as she
attempts to break into show business, defy her husband or just
keep life interesting through a series of schemes and mishaps.
Showcasing the exceptional comedic talents of its star, Lucille
Ball, the show has a timeless ability to entertain. In addition to
its entertainment value, the show’s 1950s setting provides a rich
point of cultural critique. It has been accused of reinforcing
patriarchal norms and being degrading to women. Lucy and her
best friend Ethel are often consumed by petty, material desires;
they are frequently depicted as incompetent; their messes are
usually cleaned up by their more sensible, authoritative
husbands. Still, what messages in I Love Lucy speak the
loudest? Do Lucy Ricardo’s never-quite-successful schemes as
a housewife overshadow Lucille Ball’s professional success as a
businesswoman, comedian and actress? Despite the show’s
outward adherence to some of the patriarchal ideology of the
times, I Love Lucy was a vehicle for Lucille Ball to empower
women, both within and outside the world of the show.
To understand the enormous success of I Love Lucy, it is
important to ground the show in the context of the early to mid-
1950s in America. The postwar era in the late 1940s and early
1950s brought a rise in suburban living. The single-family
home, the nuclear family, and a strong patriarch made up the
American ideal. The man of the home was the breadwinner, and
his wife made the home and raised the children. In the wake of
the war, upward mobility was the goal, and that meant more
leisure time, consumer goods, and predictability.
Lucille Ball was being presented with the opportunity to star in
her own TV show based on her hit radio show, My Favorite
Husband. Because of their careers, she and her husband,
bandleader Desi Arnaz, had been constantly dealing with the
stresses of a long distance relationship since their marriage in
1940. She saw the start of the television show as an opportunity
for she and Desi to work together; she wanted Desi, rather than
actor Richard Denning, to play her husband. The couple set to
work convincing CBS executives, who were skeptical because
of Arnaz’s Cuban heritage, that this casting could be a success
with the American people. I Love Lucy premiered on Monday,
October 15, 1951; within a few months, it was bringing over
sixteen million viewers a week and its popularity only
continued to increase (Edgerton 132). Lucy ran as a half hour
sitcom until May 1957, and as monthly hour-long specials from
November 1957 until April 1961 (“Television and Gender” 87).
I Love Lucy episodes follow a fairly consistent format; Lucy
either wants something or wants to hide something, and goes
about pursuing her desire in an outrageous fashion. She is
almost always joined by her best friend and landlord Ethel,
usually aligned in opposition against their husbands, Ricky and
Fred. Recurring themes include Lucy’s desire to enter show
business, division of the sexes, Lucy’s jealousy, elaborate plans
(and their undoing), traditional husband/wife conflicts, and the
use of trickery.
There is an alternative way to read the show, however. In an
article about Lucy and its commodification, Lori Landay asserts
that the show struck such a powerful chord with viewers
because of the way it, particularly its main character,
“dramatized and personified cultural conflicts about gender,
marriage, and commodification” (“Millions ‘Love Lucy’” 26).
The power of ideals represented on television persists today.
These picture-perfect TV families depicted 1950s domesticity
with none of the underlying conflict felt by many women at the
time. I Love Lucy, on the other hand, portrayed a domesticity
that was challenged by the woman of the house in her refusal to
settle for the life of a housewife (“Television in the Home” 12-
13). The show’s creator’s carefully balanced society’s
perspectives on domesticity with their own, creating a television
couple that lived by societies accepted standards but which, in
reality, was only possible through the rejection of those
standards. Lucy was received so well because it challenged the
strict gender roles of the domestic ideal, creating a televisual
reality that more closely represented peoples’ day to day
experiences. This is not to suggest that Lucy’s objective was to
critique gender roles, just that it made use of comedy to this
end. Sitcoms on American television are important points from
which to reflect upon and develop ideas about culture. A
unique power they possess is that they don’t need to recreate
our reality, they need only create a reality the audience likes
(“Television and Gender” 91). In this way, audiences can test
out new social ideas from a safe distance, and may become
accepting of perspectives they otherwise would not have
considered, simply because they’re packaged in a way they like
so much.
I Love Lucy is not a perfect show, but in the context of the
culture at large at the time of its production, it displays many
progressive qualities having to do with gender representation.
Lucy’s constant defiance of Ricky was made acceptable by its
entertainment value and the reassertion of male dominance at
the conclusion of every episode, but the audience knew Lucy
would defy him again in the next episode. This conflict spoke
to the tensions widely felt around the newly developed model of
domesticity in postwar America. In total opposition to societal
gender expectations, Lucille Ball was not only the life force of
the show, but also a producer and outstanding physical
comedian. The combination of the “Lucy” and “Lucille”
personas made her a sympathetic and truly empowering example
for women. Lucy/Lucille’s influence persists today in how we
view gender representations, how women see themselves, and
how we educate others.
Resources
Edgerton, Gary R. “Here Comes Television: Remaking
American Life – 1948-1954.” The Columbia History of
American Television. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. 113-55.
Print.
Landay, Lori. “I Love Lucy: Television and Gender in Postwar
Domestic Ideology.” The Sitcom Reader: America Viewed and
Skewed. Albany: State University of New York, 2005. 87-97.
Print.
“Millions ‘Love Lucy’: Commodification and the Lucy
Phenomenon.” NWSA Journal 11.2 (1999): 25-46. JSTOR. Web.
“Television in the Home and the Home on Television: Fifties
TV and Lucy TV.” I Love Lucy. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 2010.
7-21. Print.

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RUNNING HEADER GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATIONGlobalizati.docx

  • 1. RUNNING HEADER: GLOBALIZATION GLOBALIZATION Globalization Joylyn Case Rasmussen College-Vision of Am. – Section 01 Globalization Established in 2000, Byte Level Research was the first firm devoted only to the symbolization and exploration of web globalization. It's a webpage that has counseled with several multinationals and has realized what lives up to expectations and what doesn't work and, exactly as imperative, where their sites are going. This skill has continued into the strategy of the Report Card, the first report devoted to best practices in web globalization. The site does depict globalization as a methodology of association and coordination among the individuals, organizations, and legislatures of distinctive countries, a procedure determined by universal exchange and speculation and helped by data engineering. Globalization, (davis 4) can likewise be depicted as a "movement to a more incorporated and reliant world economy"
  • 2. (Hill 7), has been the subject of numerous books and discourses for as far back as decade. Alongside the advancement of microchips, the Internet is maybe the most critical mechanical development of our time, assuming a significant part in the development of globalization. The Internet encouraged the development of the development to a worldwide town through the formation of less expensive, quicker and simpler method for correspondence, the procurement of an unlimited pool of data, and the extension of e-business. The Internet gives a less expensive, speedier and simpler system for correspondence, an option that has made a "worldwide group of onlookers", as said by Renato Ruggiero, chief general of the World Trade Organization. In surveying the expense of long separation telephone calls versus that of online voice talk sessions, the Internet is substantially more moderate furthermore predominant in quality. Numerous web clients now have web Polaroid’s, receivers, and the entire product important to help this equipment. This permits clients to talk, see, and be seen by the individual they are having a discussion with. Individuals from Asia can convey discussions with Europeans, Americans or Africans in the meantime, at no additional cost on Msn Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, or MIRC. Correspondence is likewise quicker on the web. An email is sent and got by the other party in seconds, rather than customary mail, which may take months to achieve its end when sent over the sea. Hence, individuals everywhere throughout the world can stay in touch all the time, impart online regular and even impart documents. At the point when calculating in the usability of the Internet, it is not difficult to see why such a variety of people lean toward conveying thusly. In the site, they bring it out obviously that globalization gives both positive and negative impacts on social differing qualities which can have extensive effects. The negative impact Because of the phenomenal access to societies, a much more extensive gathering of people than at any other time in recent memory before has a portal to see, hear and experience
  • 3. phenomena that were never open formerly (Smith, 2000). Distortion, stereotyping and the danger of loss of social and protected innovation rights are the results of unmonitored access. Loss of independence and gathering personality happen when globalization supports a 'Western perfect of independence'. This pushes a homogeneous set of qualities and convictions. The selection of Western Culture and belief systems is seen as numerous machines intervened innovations are produced, showcased and handled through western markets. The positive impacts The mechanical worldwide Mecca might be engaging for different societies as it permits representation toward oneself and data imparting on an entire new level. Innovation gives a medium where portrayal of pictures and depictions of character toward oneself can give the methods in which truism might be built. Worldwide media focuses permit societies an unique voice to advertise mindfulness and give open learning and understanding of their stories and characters. It additionally considers the correspondence of their important records and discourses on issues that are vital in safeguarding the society and information obtaining of social ways - permitting them to hold their assorted qualities. The political part The site has portrayed political globalization as the expanding number and force of human affiliations which impact or administer the world overall. Political globalization has been said to have a vital importance for people. Since political globalization empowers to let governments consider all the more in thought when they setting the arrangement. Additionally, governments can ingest the encounters from different nations. Case in point, today, china has learnt Open political brain science and popularity based political origination from different nations. In china, it has gotten to be prominent to utilize western nations' encounters to tackle political issues, for example, decision. Nonetheless, Political globalization likewise has some negative impacts. Political globalization quickens the
  • 4. clash in the middle of east and west. The qualities are particularly American because of the way that it is a standout amongst the most created states, it express that The American economy is in an interestingly positive position contrasted with whatever is left of the world, America having a more extended independent mainland business, secure against overall financial infection. REFERENCES Globalization has lowered wages for American workers, new EPI study finds. (2013, March 22). Retrieved September 12, 2014, from Economic Policy Institution website: http://www.epi.org/press/globalization- lowered-wages-american-workers/ Globalization and Politics: The Effects of globalization on human life aspects Presentation (Elaboration), 2001, 18 Pages Politics - International Politics - Topic: Globalization, Political Economics The Politics of Globalization. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2014, from John's Harvard Journal website: http://harvardmagazine.com/1998/11/jhj.annan2.html RUNNING HEAD: WATERGATE SCANDAL Watergate scandal
  • 5. Watergate Scandal Joylyn Case Rasmussen College- Vision of Am. Section 01 The cultural relevance of the article, promoter of the magazine and their political biases The article was funded by 400 associated Press managing editors and to a greater extent the political opponents of President Nixon (Kilpatrick, 1973). They wanted to publicize the president’s view on the allegations that his administration was involved in vices, especially the Watergate Scandal. In the political scandal which occurred in the United States in the 70’s, the presidents administration was purported to have broken into the Democratic National Committee headquarters which was situated at Watergate office Complex in Washington. People were massacred and the issue had been in picture for the past few months, prior to the live session. Their political biases were that they never asked about the positive things that the president had done for the nation. They mainly focused in what was not done in the right way by the president’s administration. They mainly asked about Watergate scandal, milk rise and tax evasion issues, all of which he were emphasized by the press in their questions. They capitalized on his political weaknesses instead of capitalizing on his strengths as well. The article purports the president as being involved in the dirty tricks like bugging the political opponents’ office out of suspicion. The information on the issues was got from an FBI director who was hired by the president’s opponents. The article depicted the president as a hypocrite who dismissed the claims without clear explanation. The article led to the president losing popular support due to the bias that was exhibited in the article. The president later resigned as a result of the scandals highlighted in the question answer session.
  • 6. Article’s main point and the writer's message to his/ her readers The main point of the article was to inform the reader about the turn of events during the hour long question answer session. In the Associated Press Managing Editors annual convention, the president disclosed a number of issues which were of concern to the entire society. The article relives the questions which the press asked on behalf of the society. The issues that the president was questioned about were about unpaid income taxes, Watergate scandal and a kickback from the milk lobby. The article gives a clear description of the president’s responses. The article outlined that, the president, in his assertions, had acquitted himself in the best way. He was described as being composed and atop the subject throughout the session. It is only during the question about tax that he showed a little panic. He was said to never criticize his political enemies during the entire session. The article informs the reader that the president, on being asked about the issue of taxes which was reported on The Providence, R.I newspaper, never disputed the little figures which he was said to have paid in his refusal to paying income tax in 1971 and 1972(Kilpatrick, 1973). The article also reminds the reader of the best part of the news conference, and described it as being the time when he defended himself on the claims that he had profited from his early years in public service. Accordingly, he declared that, he had previously made mistakes but he never profited from public service and he had also never obstructed justice. The article’s intention was to put across the message that the president did not end the questions over his honesty issues. The statement “I am not a crook”, was later used against him and the public associated it with the water gate scandal. The magazines impact on popular culture The magazine made an impact on the popular culture. The session was aired on the national television for every citizen to watch. The citizens became aware of the president’s stand
  • 7. concerning the Watergate scandal among the other issues which he tackled (Kilpatrick, 1973). After, the magazine published the article, the readers approved of the president’s skill in dealing with the questions. The president used some words while answering questions, some of which became common phrase in future dialogues. In his defense to the Watergate case, the president declared that he was not a crook and that he had never profited from his public service. The statement said by the president during the live interview session became popular among the society. It was adapted by television shows such as Family Guy and Saturday night live. The magazine has made the president famous and he has been remembered for the way he answered the questions asked by press and the way he handled the situation has since been used as reference in lawsuits. Since the time, presidents of other countries have become democratic and give time for the press, in case of issues of concern for the entire public. Presidents are no longer feared by the press as it used to be in years prior to the publishing of the question answer session between President Nixon and the 400 associated Press managing editors. The session brings laughter to the society as a result of the statements uttered by president. He brought a sense of humor in the serious issue when he was asked what he did about energy conservation. He answered that he had saved energy by not allowing a backup aircraft to follow him on that particular trip to the press convention. He said that they would not impeach him if the plane he used went down. Reference Kilpatrick, C. (1973). “Washington Post:Nixon Tells Editors, 'I'm Not a Crook'”. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/111873-1.htm
  • 8. RUNNING HEADER: POPULAR TELEVISION PROGRAM Popular Television Program Popular Television Program Joylyn Case Rasmussen College- Vision of Am. Section 01 Popular Television Program I Love Lucy is one of the most legendary and popular situation comedies of all time, maintaining its ability to charm audiences even half a century later. The show follows the life of Lucy Ricardo, a zany housewife in 1950s New York City as she attempts to break into show business, defy her husband or just keep life interesting through a series of schemes and mishaps. Showcasing the exceptional comedic talents of its star, Lucille Ball, the show has a timeless ability to entertain. In addition to its entertainment value, the show’s 1950s setting provides a rich point of cultural critique. It has been accused of reinforcing patriarchal norms and being degrading to women. Lucy and her best friend Ethel are often consumed by petty, material desires; they are frequently depicted as incompetent; their messes are usually cleaned up by their more sensible, authoritative husbands. Still, what messages in I Love Lucy speak the loudest? Do Lucy Ricardo’s never-quite-successful schemes as a housewife overshadow Lucille Ball’s professional success as a businesswoman, comedian and actress? Despite the show’s
  • 9. outward adherence to some of the patriarchal ideology of the times, I Love Lucy was a vehicle for Lucille Ball to empower women, both within and outside the world of the show. To understand the enormous success of I Love Lucy, it is important to ground the show in the context of the early to mid- 1950s in America. The postwar era in the late 1940s and early 1950s brought a rise in suburban living. The single-family home, the nuclear family, and a strong patriarch made up the American ideal. The man of the home was the breadwinner, and his wife made the home and raised the children. In the wake of the war, upward mobility was the goal, and that meant more leisure time, consumer goods, and predictability. Lucille Ball was being presented with the opportunity to star in her own TV show based on her hit radio show, My Favorite Husband. Because of their careers, she and her husband, bandleader Desi Arnaz, had been constantly dealing with the stresses of a long distance relationship since their marriage in 1940. She saw the start of the television show as an opportunity for she and Desi to work together; she wanted Desi, rather than actor Richard Denning, to play her husband. The couple set to work convincing CBS executives, who were skeptical because of Arnaz’s Cuban heritage, that this casting could be a success with the American people. I Love Lucy premiered on Monday, October 15, 1951; within a few months, it was bringing over sixteen million viewers a week and its popularity only continued to increase (Edgerton 132). Lucy ran as a half hour sitcom until May 1957, and as monthly hour-long specials from November 1957 until April 1961 (“Television and Gender” 87). I Love Lucy episodes follow a fairly consistent format; Lucy either wants something or wants to hide something, and goes about pursuing her desire in an outrageous fashion. She is almost always joined by her best friend and landlord Ethel, usually aligned in opposition against their husbands, Ricky and Fred. Recurring themes include Lucy’s desire to enter show business, division of the sexes, Lucy’s jealousy, elaborate plans (and their undoing), traditional husband/wife conflicts, and the
  • 10. use of trickery. There is an alternative way to read the show, however. In an article about Lucy and its commodification, Lori Landay asserts that the show struck such a powerful chord with viewers because of the way it, particularly its main character, “dramatized and personified cultural conflicts about gender, marriage, and commodification” (“Millions ‘Love Lucy’” 26). The power of ideals represented on television persists today. These picture-perfect TV families depicted 1950s domesticity with none of the underlying conflict felt by many women at the time. I Love Lucy, on the other hand, portrayed a domesticity that was challenged by the woman of the house in her refusal to settle for the life of a housewife (“Television in the Home” 12- 13). The show’s creator’s carefully balanced society’s perspectives on domesticity with their own, creating a television couple that lived by societies accepted standards but which, in reality, was only possible through the rejection of those standards. Lucy was received so well because it challenged the strict gender roles of the domestic ideal, creating a televisual reality that more closely represented peoples’ day to day experiences. This is not to suggest that Lucy’s objective was to critique gender roles, just that it made use of comedy to this end. Sitcoms on American television are important points from which to reflect upon and develop ideas about culture. A unique power they possess is that they don’t need to recreate our reality, they need only create a reality the audience likes (“Television and Gender” 91). In this way, audiences can test out new social ideas from a safe distance, and may become accepting of perspectives they otherwise would not have considered, simply because they’re packaged in a way they like so much. I Love Lucy is not a perfect show, but in the context of the culture at large at the time of its production, it displays many progressive qualities having to do with gender representation. Lucy’s constant defiance of Ricky was made acceptable by its entertainment value and the reassertion of male dominance at
  • 11. the conclusion of every episode, but the audience knew Lucy would defy him again in the next episode. This conflict spoke to the tensions widely felt around the newly developed model of domesticity in postwar America. In total opposition to societal gender expectations, Lucille Ball was not only the life force of the show, but also a producer and outstanding physical comedian. The combination of the “Lucy” and “Lucille” personas made her a sympathetic and truly empowering example for women. Lucy/Lucille’s influence persists today in how we view gender representations, how women see themselves, and how we educate others. Resources Edgerton, Gary R. “Here Comes Television: Remaking American Life – 1948-1954.” The Columbia History of American Television. New York: Columbia UP, 2007. 113-55. Print. Landay, Lori. “I Love Lucy: Television and Gender in Postwar Domestic Ideology.” The Sitcom Reader: America Viewed and Skewed. Albany: State University of New York, 2005. 87-97. Print. “Millions ‘Love Lucy’: Commodification and the Lucy Phenomenon.” NWSA Journal 11.2 (1999): 25-46. JSTOR. Web. “Television in the Home and the Home on Television: Fifties TV and Lucy TV.” I Love Lucy. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 2010. 7-21. Print.