Sak os

K.L. SOCIETY’S
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
VIDYANAGAR,HUBLI.
Submitted to
Prof. Pradeep Laxetti
Subject Cordinator
Submitted by
Shweta Kori
B.Ed., 1st Sem
OPERATING SYSTEM
&
Functions

Operating System
An Operating System is an interface between
The User
&
Computer Hardware

Or
In simple words
Operating System is a System Software
THEN WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A SOFTWARE?

SOFTWARE
Software is the Collection of Programs

System Software and Application
Software
• System Software : is a type of program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware
and application programs. It is used to manage the computer itself. It :
– Has high speed
– Is hard to manipulate
– Is written in a low level computer language.
– Is close to the system
– Is Versatile
• Application Software : is a type of program which
– performs a particular function for the end user
– does not interact directly with hardware.
– needs system software to run.
– Such as Web browser, Email clients, Spread sheets, Word processers etc.

Thus,
An Operating System is an interface
between the User & Computer Hardware
that controls & Executes all kinds of Programs

Then
Let us understand
As to
What are the Advantages of Operting System?

Advantages of Operating System
1. Convenience
An OS makes a computer more convenient to use.
2. Efficiency
An OS allows the computer system resources to be used
efficiently.
3. Ability to Evolve
An OS should be constructed in such a way as to permit the
effective development, testing, and introduction of new
system functions..

Further,
We also need to understand the various
Functions of an Operating System

1. Memory Management
2. Processor Management
3. Device Management
4. File Management
5. Security
6. Control over system performance
7. Job accounting
8. Error detecting aids
9. Coordination between other software and users

Let Us briefly understand
what are these Functions?
Coming to the First One
Memory Management

Memory Management
refers to
Management of Primary Memory
or
Main Memory
Or
Random Access Memory(RAM)

1. Keeps tracks of primary memory, i.e., what part of it . . . is in
use by whom, what part it . .is not in use.
2. Keeps track of which process will get memory? when ? and
how much?
3. It allocates the memory when a process requests it.
4. De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it.
Activities for Memory Management

2. PROCESSOR MANAGEMENT
4. File Management
5. Security
7. Job accounting

Processor Management
refers as to
Which process gets the processor?
When?
& for
How much time?

Activities for Processor Management
1. Keeps tracks of processor and status of
process.
2. Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process.
3. De-allocates processor when a process is no
longer required.

3. DEVICE MANAGEMENT
4. File Management
5. Security
7. Job accounting

Device Management
refers as to
“The Process of
Communicating & Managing System Devices
using special programs called as
DRIVERS”.

Activities for Device Management
1. Keeps tracks of all devices using a Program
called as I/O controller.
2. Decides which process gets the device,
when and for how much time.
3. Allocates the device in the efficient way.
4. De-allocates devices.

4. FILE MANAGEMENT
5. Security
7. Job accounting

File Management
refers as to
“The Process of establishing a
File System & creating Files/Directories.
so as to manage
Data in an organized way”.

Activities for File Management
1. Keeps track of information, location, uses,
status etc.
2. Decides who gets the resources.
3. Allocates the resources.
4. De-allocates the resources.

3. DEVICE MANAGEMENT
4. File Management
5. Other Important Activities
– Security
– Job accounting
– Coordination between other software and users

Other Important Activities
• Security − By means of password and other techniques, to
prevent unauthorized access to programs.
• Job accounting − Keeping track of time and resources
used by various jobs and users.
• Coordination between other Softwares and Users −
Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters,
assemblers and other software to the various users of the
computer systems.

On the Basis of Processor,
Users Interfaces & Several other Technologies,
The Operating Systems
can be classified into different Types,
Different Types of Operating Systems

1. Batch operating system
2. Time-sharing operating systems
3. Distributed operating System
4. Network operating System
5. Real Time operating System
Different Types of Operating Systems

In a Batch Operating Systems,
jobs with similar type of needs are batched together and
run as a group.
Batch Operating System

ADVANTAGES
1. The overall time taken by the system to execute all the programmes
will be reduced.
2. The Batch Operating System can be shared between multiple users.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Manual interventions are required between two batches.
2. The CPU utilization is low because the time taken in loading and
unloading of batches is very high as compared to execution time.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Batch OS

In Time Sharing Operating System,
the processor time is shared among multiple users
Time Sharing Operating System

ADVANTAGES
1. Since equal time quantum is given to each process, so
each process gets equal opportunity to execute.
2. The CPU will be busy in most of the cases.
DISADVANTAGES
Process having higher priority will not get the chance to be
executed first because the equal opportunity is given to
each process.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Time Sharing OS

In Distributed Operating System,
many processors located in different machines provide fast
computation to its users.
Distributed Operating System

ADVANTAGES
• Reliability: A system crash on one server does not affect other servers.
• Scalability: You can add more machines as needed.
• Fast calculation : A distributed computer is faster than other systems.
DISADVANTAGES
• Difficult Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting is more difficult due to
distribution across multiple servers.
• Security issues: Open systems make data security highly difficult
Advantages & Disadvantages of Distributed OS

Network Operating Systems
provides the capability to Manage data & User groups
in Networked Environments.
Network Operating System

ADVANTAGES
• Files can easily be shared between users.
• Group software licences are Cheaper than Stand alone softwares.
• Data is easy to backup as all the data is stored on the file server.
DISADVANTAGES
• Managing a large network is complicated
• Viruses can spread to other computers throughout a computer
network.
• There is a danger of hacking,
Advantages & Disadvantages of Network OS

In Real Time Operating System, time interval to process and
respond to inputs is very small.
Examples: Military Software Systems, Space Software etc
Real Time Operating System

ADVANTAGES
• There is optimal utilization of devices and resources.
• These systems are almost error-free.
DISADVANTAGES
• The algorithms used in Real-time Operating System is
very complex.
• Specific device drivers are used for responding to the
interrupts as early as possible.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Real Time OS

Open source software is software with source code that
anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance.
Open Source

S.N
o.
OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE CLOSED SOURCE SOFTWARE
01. The source code of open source software is public. In closed source software the source code is protected.
02.
This code can be modified by other users and
organizations means that the source code is available for
anyone to look at.
The only individual or organization who has created the
software can only modify the code.
03. The price of open source software is very less. The price of closed source software is high.
04.
Programmers freely provide improvement for recognition
if their improvement is accepted.
Programmers are hired by the software firm/organization to
improve the software.
05. It is purchased with its source code. It is not purchased with its source code.
06. Open software can be installed into any computer.
Closed software needs have a valid license before
installation into any computer.
07. Open source software fails fast and fix faster. Closed source software has no room for failure.
08.
In closed source software no one is responsible for the
software.
In closed source software the vendor is responsible if
anything happened to software.
09.
Examples are Firefox, OpenOffice, Gimp, Alfresco,
Android, Zimbra, Thunderbird, MySQL, Mailman, Moodle,
TeX, Samba, Perl, PHP, KDE etc.
Examples are Skype, Google earth, Java, Adobe Flash,
Virtual Box, Adobe Reader, Microsoft office, Microsoft
Windows, WinRAR, mac OS, Adobe Flash Player etc.

1. Android
2. Linux
3. Macintosh
4. Ubuntu
Popular Open Source Software

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google used by
several smartphones and tablets.
Since Android is an open source, developers can modify and
customize the OS for each phone.
Android

Features of Android
• Beautiful UI
– Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive
user interface.
• Multi-Language
– Supports single direction and bi-directional text.
• Wi-Fi Direct
– technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a
high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.

Linux is one of the most popular open source Operating
Systems.
Infact Android, is powered by the Linux operating system.
Linux

Features of Linux
• Portability : This software and it’s application programs,
support their installation on any kind of hardware platform.
• Security : Linux provides user security using authentication
features like password protection/ controlled access to
specific files/ encryption of data etc.
• Most Reliable - Linux is one of the most reliable computer
OS
• Free - It is literally free

1. Android
2. Linux
3. Ubuntu
4. Macintosh
Popular Open Source Software

• Ubuntu is an open-source operating software.
• It is released in three editions
– Desktop,
– Server
– Core for Internet of things
• All the editions can run on the computer alone, or in a
virtual machine.
Ubuntu

Features of Ubuntu
• Ubuntu is best suited for development : Ubuntu
installation comes with an additional support for
programmers to get straight to work on development
projects.
• Minimal Hardware Requirements :This OS does not
require high-end system requirements can also run directly
from an external storage medium such as a USB flash drive
and DVDs.

• Mac OS system developed by Apple has gained a
considerable market grip due to effective business.
• Limited number are apps available in the App Store or
other sources
• Has good integration with other Apple products such as
iOS devices.
Macintosh

Features of Macintosh
Pros of Mac OS
• Consistent OS and Hardware integration : Since Apple is both a software developer
and a hardware designer, the integration between the OS and Hardware is efficient.
• Less malware and security issues : Mac OS has lesser susceptibility to security issues
and vulnerabilities.
Cons of Mac OS
• Mac computers are expensive : Device that use Mac OS are very expensive since Mac
OS is an operating system built exclusively for Mac devices.
• Limited options for upgrading the hardware : Seeing that some of the hardware
components of a Mac device such as CPU or RAM cannot be upgraded, there are very
limited for upgrading the hardware.

Sak os

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