Salesforce Multitenant Architecture: How We Do the Magic We Do
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1) Salesforce.com's multitenant architecture allows multiple customers to use the same application instance running on the same server infrastructure, lowering costs while maintaining performance and security. 2) All customer data and configurations are stored separately in the same database using unique customer IDs to isolate each tenant's data. 3) This approach provides significant benefits including automatic upgrades, high performance at scale through query optimization, and faster innovation since all customers use the same codebase.
![Apex: Force.com’s procedural frontier
Integer NUM = 10;
Account[] accs;
// Clean up old data
accs = [select id from account where name like 'test%'];
delete accs;
commit;
accs = new Account[NUM];
for (Integer i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
{
accs[i] = new Account(name='test ' + i, outstandingshares__c=i);
}
insert accs;
Contact[] cons = new Contact [0];
for (Account acc : accs)
{
cons.add(new Contact(lastName=acc.name + '1', accountid=acc.id));
cons.add(new Contact(lastName=acc.name + '2', accountid=acc.id));
}
insert cons;
SOQL
Query
Variable
Declaration
Commit
Transaction
Control
Structure
Array
Data
Operation](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/df14multitenantarchitecturedmv1-141120225619-conversion-gate01/85/Salesforce-Multitenant-Architecture-How-We-Do-the-Magic-We-Do-41-320.jpg)
Salesforce Multitenant Architecture: How We Do the Magic We Do
- 1. Salesforce.com’s Multitenant Architecture How we do the magic we do…
- 2. Safe Harbor Safe harbor statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This presentation may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. If any such uncertainties materialize or if any of the assumptions proves incorrect, the results of salesforce.com, inc. could differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements we make. All statements other than statements of historical fact could be deemed forward-looking, including any projections of product or service availability, subscriber growth, earnings, revenues, or other financial items and any statements regarding strategies or plans of management for future operations, statements of belief, any statements concerning new, planned, or upgraded services or technology developments and customer contracts or use of our services. The risks and uncertainties referred to above include – but are not limited to – risks associated with developing and delivering new functionality for our service, new products and services, our new business model, our past operating losses, possible fluctuations in our operating results and rate of growth, interruptions or delays in our Web hosting, breach of our security measures, the outcome of any litigation, risks associated with completed and any possible mergers and acquisitions, the immature market in which we operate, our relatively limited operating history, our ability to expand, retain, and motivate our employees and manage our growth, new releases of our service and successful customer deployment, our limited history reselling non-salesforce.com products, and utilization and selling to larger enterprise customers. Further information on potential factors that could affect the financial results of salesforce.com, inc. is included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year and in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the most recent fiscal quarter. These documents and others containing important disclosures are available on the SEC Filings section of the Investor Information section of our Web site. Any unreleased services or features referenced in this or other presentations, press releases or public statements are not currently available and may not be delivered on time or at all. Customers who purchase our services should make the purchase decisions based upon features that are currently available. Salesforce.com, inc. assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements.
- 3. Doug Merrett Principal Architect – Northern Europe
- 4. In the Internet of Customers, Apps Connect Everything Connected Employee s Connected Products Social Mobile Connected Partners Cloud Connected Customers Customer
- 5. Trunk Club CONSUMER FASHION APP Honeywell CONTRACTOR APP Zimmer PRODUCT CATALOG APP Virgin America EMPLOYEE INTRANET APP Academy of Art STUDENT SCHEDULING APP Time Warner Cable FIELD SALES APP Build Next Gen Apps. Lead Next Gen IT.
- 6. The World’s #1 Cloud Platform The Fastest Path From Idea To App
- 7. Salesforce1: A New Customer Platform for the Future Your Customers
- 8. At The Core Of The Customer Success Platform Multitenant Cloud Computing Enterprise Cloud Computing Fast Innovative Open Easy Trusted No Hardware No Software Faster ROI Automatic Upgrades Continuous Improvement Flexible Any Device API First Data Portability Transparent Secure Performance at Scale Real-time Customizations AppExchange Scalable
- 9. What Salesforce.com does for you YOU get to focus on innovation We do Infrastructure Services We do Application Services We do Operations Services Customize your CRM Build your data model Build your business logic Build your user interface Network Storage Operating System Database App Server Web Server Data Center Security Sharing Integration Customization Web Services API Multi-Language Authentication Availability Monitoring Patch Mgmt Upgrades Backup NOC
- 10. Multitenancy
- 11. One Cloud with Many Customers Shared Elastic Services One Primary Data Store per Production Instance 8K+ Customers per Instance 50+ Production Instances All data segregated by customer All operations include Org ID Disaster Recovery Per Org encryption keys
- 12. What is in an Instance Pivot tables Shared Database Metadata Cache Data tables Metadata tables Bulk data processing Multitenant aware Query optimizer Runtime App Generator Full text search engine Virtual Application Components Common Application Screens Tenant Specific Screens Objects (Tables)
- 13. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce.com R&D One Version No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone
- 14. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce.com R&D One Version No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone Automation 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well
- 15. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce.com R&D One Version No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone Instance Architecture Automation 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well Staggered Releases Scalability across all sizes
- 16. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce.com R&D Automation Predictability Three major releases per year Bug fixes every week One Version No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone Instance Architecture 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well Staggered Releases Scalability across all sizes
- 17. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce.com R&D Automation Predictability Three major releases per year Bug fixes every week One Version No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone Instance Architecture 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well Staggered Releases Scalability across all sizes
- 18. Key Architectural Principles • Stateless Appservers • Database system of record • No Database Definition Language (DDL) at Runtime • All tables partitioned by OrgId • Smart Primary Keys, Polymorphic Foreign Keys • Creative de-normalization and pivoting • Use every RDBMS feature & optimization
- 19. Metadata, data, and pivot table structures store data corresponding to virtual data structures
- 20. The Objects table stores metadata about custom objects (tables)
- 21. The Fields table stores metadata about custom fields (columns)
- 22. The Data heap table stores all structured data corresponding to custom objects
- 23. A single slot can store various types of data that originate from different objects
- 24. The Indexes pivot table manages tenant-specific selective indexes
- 25. The UniqueFields pivot table facilitates uniqueness for custom fields
- 26. The Relationships pivot table facilitates referential integrity and optimizes joins
- 27. All data & metadata structures are partitioned to improve performance and manageability • Tables hash partitioned by OrgId • Separate connection pools point to physical hosts • App tier is also dynamically partitioned by OrgId • Distributed metadata cache with transactional invalidation
- 28. Application Framework: a whole lot for free • Native Declarative features • Bulk Processing • The Recycle Bin • Full Text Search • Smart Bulk Data Manipulation Language (DML) • Web Services APIs
- 29. Force.com’s native Application Framework provides declarative development, no coding
- 30. Validation rules and simple formulas: Business analysts can “code” these
- 31. Not so simple: Rollup-summary fields provide for easy cross-object summaries
- 32. Force.com’s bulk processing optimizations reduce overhead for data loads
- 33. Data definition processing is optimized to avoid performance hits or concurrency limits Examples: • Sort all records by primary key before attempting DML • Operate on tables in deterministic order • Slot reallocation for field datatype change • Deferred calculation for new rollup-summary field • Background processing of mass changes
- 34. The Recycle Bin: Smart Undeletes Restore Individual object instances (records) Related object instances (parent/child records) Entire fields and objects (dropped columns and tables)
- 35. DR Instance Multitenant Search, anything but simple Index Backup Replication Primary Instance
- 36. Multitenancy delivers Blazing Performance Transactions Per Quarter 131B Transactions in Q2FY15 51% YOY Growth Average Page Time 217ms Latency in Q2FY15 13% YOY Improvement
- 37. • 4 Online copies of database • 2 Online backup copies Multitenant Core Data Storage Async Replication Production RAC Cluster Data Guard Replication Application Servers Standby RAC Cluster Primary Instance Production RAC Cluster Data Guard Replication Application Servers Standby RAC Cluster Secondary Instance
- 38. Multitenant Query Optimization Principles • Consistent SQL generation across the application • Deep awareness of pivot table structure – Flex schema does impose a cost • Tenant, user, object, fields statistics are crucial • No runaway queries allowed • Deep integration with the sharing model
- 39. Multitenant Query Optimizer Check user visibility Check filer selectivity Dynamically write query based on pre-queries Run Pre-Queries Execute optimized query user visibility = number of rows user can access filter selectivity = index corresponding to filter column Search originates from API or global search return results
- 40. The optimizer considers pre-query selectivity measurements when writing a query Pre-Query Selectivity Measurements Write final database access query, forcing … User Filter Low Low … nested loops join; drive using view of rows that the user can see. Low High … use of index related to filter. High Low … ordered hash join; drive using Data table. High High … use of index related to filter.
- 41. Apex: Force.com’s procedural frontier Integer NUM = 10; Account[] accs; // Clean up old data accs = [select id from account where name like 'test%']; delete accs; commit; accs = new Account[NUM]; for (Integer i = 0; i < NUM; i++) { accs[i] = new Account(name='test ' + i, outstandingshares__c=i); } insert accs; Contact[] cons = new Contact [0]; for (Account acc : accs) { cons.add(new Contact(lastName=acc.name + '1', accountid=acc.id)); cons.add(new Contact(lastName=acc.name + '2', accountid=acc.id)); } insert cons; SOQL Query Variable Declaration Commit Transaction Control Structure Array Data Operation
- 42. Apex code is stored as metadata, interpreted at runtime, and cached for scalability
- 43. Apex is deeply integrated with platform features • Bulk DML • Email and messaging • Asynchronous processing (Futures) • XmlStream / HTTP (RESTful) services classes • Declarative exposure as new Web Services
- 44. Social Feeds Profiles Files Social Graph Mobile Right Experience Any Device Customizable Real-time Real-time notifications Real-time workflow Real-time feeds Customer Success Platform Powered by Multitenancy Open Open Standards Open Technologies Open Interfaces Open Languages What Makes Us Different?
- 45. Where to go for more information... • http://developer.force.com/architect • http://developer.force.com/security • Other Sessions
- 46. Where to go for more information... (cont) • Other Sessions
- 47. BUILD APPS FAST. BUILD BUSINESS FASTER. Don’t miss the Salesforce1 Platform Keynote with Wednesday, October 15, 2 p.m. Moscone South, Main Keynote Hall Mike Rosenbaum EVP, Salesforce1 Platform Tod Nielsen CEO, Heroku Toby Lester VP, Technology Architecture And Innovation, Brown-Forman Mike Meadows VP, Chief Technology Officer Eli Lilly and Company
- 48. Q & A Please fill out your survey in Dreamforce App