Understanding the Salesforce Architecture: How We Do the Magic We Do
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The document discusses Salesforce's multitenant architecture, highlighting its capabilities such as scalability, data isolation, and efficient data handling. It includes details on safety statements regarding forward-looking risks and uncertainties, alongside an overview of the system's operational efficiency through shared services and application performance metrics. Additionally, it outlines the technological framework and operational strategies that contribute to Salesforce's service delivery and reliability.
![Apex: Force.com’s procedural frontier
Integer NUM = 10;
Account [] accs;
// Clean up old data
accs = [select id from account where name like 'test%'];
delete accs;
commit;
accs = new Account [NUM];
for (Integer i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
{
accs [i] = new Account (name='test ' + i, outstandingshares__c=i);
}
insert accs;
Contact [] cons = new Contact [0];
for (Account acc : accs)
{
cons.add (new Contact (lastName=acc.name + '1', accountid=acc.id));
cons.add (new Contact (lastName=acc.name + '2', accountid=acc.id));
}
insert cons;
SOQL
Query
Variable
Declaration
Control
Structure
Array
Data
Operation
Commit
Transaction](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tyedutjqrzueamgfgnkq-signature-7873c75031ac31677418d06ca1135ba58cf1db5a062456d83a04778887726afe-poli-151012220139-lva1-app6891/85/Understanding-the-Salesforce-Architecture-How-We-Do-the-Magic-We-Do-40-320.jpg)
Understanding the Salesforce Architecture: How We Do the Magic We Do
- 1. Salesforce’s Multitenant Architecture Doug Merrett Principal Enterprise Architect – Asia Pacific dmerrett@salesforce.com How we do the magic we do…
- 2. Safe harbor statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995: This presentation may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. If any such uncertainties materialize or if any of the assumptions proves incorrect, the results of salesforce.com, inc. could differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements we make. All statements other than statements of historical fact could be deemed forward- looking, including any projections of product or service availability, subscriber growth, earnings, revenues, or other financial items and any statements regarding strategies or plans of management for future operations, statements of belief, any statements concerning new, planned, or upgraded services or technology developments and customer contracts or use of our services. The risks and uncertainties referred to above include – but are not limited to – risks associated with developing and delivering new functionality for our service, new products and services, our new business model, our past operating losses, possible fluctuations in our operating results and rate of growth, interruptions or delays in our Web hosting, breach of our security measures, the outcome of any litigation, risks associated with completed and any possible mergers and acquisitions, the immature market in which we operate, our relatively limited operating history, our ability to expand, retain, and motivate our employees and manage our growth, new releases of our service and successful customer deployment, our limited history reselling non-salesforce.com products, and utilization and selling to larger enterprise customers. Further information on potential factors that could affect the financial results of salesforce.com, inc. is included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the most recent fiscal year and in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the most recent fiscal quarter. These documents and others containing important disclosures are available on the SEC Filings section of the Investor Information section of our Web site. Any unreleased services or features referenced in this or other presentations, press releases or public statements are not currently available and may not be delivered on time or at all. Customers who purchase our services should make the purchase decisions based upon features that are currently available. Salesforce.com, inc. assumes no obligation and does not intend to update these forward-looking statements. Safe Harbor
- 3. Shared services across applications The Customer Success Platform APIs 2,700+ Partner Apps Open Ecosystem Workflow Data & Objects Identity Fast App Dev & Customization AnalyticsCollaborationMobile UI Scalable Metadata Platform Complete CRM Trusted Multitenant Cloud AnalyticsCommunityMarketingServiceSales Apps
- 4. Multitenancy
- 5. One Cloud with Many Customers Shared Elastic Services One Primary Data Store per Production Instance 8K+ Customers per Instance 50+ Production Instances All data segregated by customer All operations include Org ID Disaster Recovery Per Org encryption keys
- 6. What is in an Instance Pivot tables Data tables Metadata tables Shared Database Metadata Cache Bulk data processing Multitenant aware Query optimizer Runtime App Generator Full text search engine Virtual Application Components Common Application Screens Tenant Specific Screens Objects (Tables)
- 7. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce R&D No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone One Version
- 8. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce R&D No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone One Version 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well Automation
- 9. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce R&D No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone One Version Instance Architecture 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well Automation Staggered Releases Scalability across all sizes
- 10. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce R&D Three major releases per year Bug fixes every week Predictability No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone One Version Instance Architecture 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well Automation Staggered Releases Scalability across all sizes
- 11. What Multitenancy means for Salesforce R&D Three major releases per year Bug fixes every week Predictability No Legacy Teams Bugs fixed for everyone One Version Instance Architecture 260K+ of our Tests Run your tests as well Automation Staggered Releases Scalability across all sizes
- 12. Stateless Appservers Database system of record No Database Definition Language (DDL) at Runtime All tables partitioned by OrgId Smart Primary Keys, Polymorphic Foreign Keys Creative de-normalization and pivoting Use every RDBMS feature & optimization Key Architectural Principles
- 13. Metadata, data, and pivot table structures store data corresponding to virtual data structures
- 14. The Objects table stores metadata about custom objects (tables)
- 15. The Fields table stores metadata about custom fields (columns)
- 16. The Data heap table stores all structured data corresponding to custom objects
- 17. A single slot can store various types of data that originate from different objects
- 18. The Indexes pivot table manages tenant-specific selective indexes
- 19. The UniqueFields pivot table facilitates uniqueness for custom fields
- 20. The Relationships pivot table facilitates referential integrity and optimizes joins
- 21. Tables hash partitioned by OrgId Separate connection pools point to physical hosts App tier is also dynamically partitioned by OrgId Distributed metadata cache with transactional invalidation All data & metadata structures are partitioned to improve performance and manageability
- 22. § Native Declarative features § Bulk Processing § The Recycle Bin § Full Text Search § Smart Bulk Data Manipulation Language (DML) § Web Services APIs Application Framework: a whole lot for free
- 23. Force.com’s native Application Framework provides declarative development, no coding
- 24. Validation rules and simple formulas: Business analysts can “code” these
- 25. Not so simple: Rollup-summary fields provide for easy cross- object summaries
- 26. Force.com’s bulk processing optimizations reduce overhead for data loads
- 27. Examples: § Sort all records by primary key before attempting DML § Operate on tables in deterministic order § Slot reallocation for field datatype change § Deferred calculation for new rollup-summary field § Background processing of mass changes Data definition processing is optimized to avoid performance hits or concurrency limits
- 28. The Recycle Bin: Smart Undeletes Restore § Individual object instances (records) § Related object instances (parent/ child records) § Entire fields and objects (dropped columns and tables)
- 29. Secondary Instance Multitenant Search, anything but simple Index Backup Replication Primary Instance
- 30. Multitenancy delivers Blazing Performance Transactions Per Quarter 234B Transactions in Q2FY16 79% YoY Growth Average Page Time 208ms Latency in Q2FY16 4% YoY Improvement API Web
- 31. Consistent SQL generation across the application Deep awareness of pivot table structure • Flex schema does impose a cost Tenant, user, object, fields statistics are crucial No runaway queries allowed Deep integration with the sharing model Multitenant Query Optimization Principles
- 32. Multitenant Query Optimizer Check user visibility Check filer selectivity Dynamically write query based on pre- queries Run Pre-Queries Execute optimized query user visibility = number of rows user can access filter selectivity = index corresponding to filter column Search originates from API or global search return results
- 33. The optimizer considers pre-query selectivity measurements when writing a query Pre-Query Selectivity Measurements … use of index related to filter.HighHigh … ordered hash join; drive using Data table.LowHigh … use of index related to filter.HighLow … nested loops join; drive using view of rows that the user can see.LowLow Write final database access query, forcing … FilterUser
- 35. Service isolation and redundant design ensures availability Highly Scalable Multitenant Architecture • Instances – Consistent deployment size – Easy to scale – Repeatable • Instance Groups – Shared service isolation within a Data Center • Data Centers – Consistent for Production and Disaster Recovery – Shared services across data centers Data Centre Shared Services Instance Group Shared Services Sandbox DR Instances Sandbox Instances Core DR Instances Core Instances Instance Group Shared Services Sandbox DR Instances Sandbox Instances Core DR Instances Core Instances Data Centre Shared Services Instance Group Shared Services Sandbox DR Instances Sandbox Instances Core DR Instances Core Instances Instance Group Shared Services Sandbox DR Instances Sandbox Instances Core DR Instances Core Instances
- 36. Production cluster capacity • 7+1 (active + spare) nodes • Active Data Guard to local standby (2 node cluster) for fast data recovery Data replication to secondary instance • Encrypted block-level replication • Enables site switching for disaster recovery Redundant Site Design with 4 Online Copies of Data Today: Reliable Core by Design Encrypted Async ReplicationData Guard Replication Primary Instance Application Servers Production DB Cluster Standby DB Cluster Data Guard Replication Application Servers Production DB Cluster Standby DB Cluster Secondary Instance
- 37. 6+2 Production RAC Cluster • 2 spare nodes provides additional DB cluster resilience Data Guard to remote site • Hardens remote replication • Enables faster site switching • Shorter planned and unplanned maintenance windows Faster Site Switches Tomorrow: Enhancing Core Reliability Encrypted Async DB Replication Data Guard Replication Primary Instance Application Servers Production DB Cluster Standby DB Cluster Data Guard Replication Application Servers Production DB Cluster Standby DB Cluster Secondary Instance
- 38. 4 key methods to enable performance at scale Adaptive Capacity Planning Horizontally Scaling Scale by adding additional servers or storage for each application Scale by using more powerful servers • More CPU cores • Larger memory Continuous Salesforce application and database optimizations Regular customer and partner application tuning to improve individual org performance Vertically Scaling Application and DB Tuning Customer Application Tuning 45% Reduction in Latency NA7 Aug 20 NA7 Aug 27 360ms 250ms 140+ Hours Loading Time 21 Hours Loading Time 85% Reduction in Load Time 1 2 3 4 Automatically Done For Customers 48c 48c 64c 64c
- 39. Force.com Extras
- 40. Apex: Force.com’s procedural frontier Integer NUM = 10; Account [] accs; // Clean up old data accs = [select id from account where name like 'test%']; delete accs; commit; accs = new Account [NUM]; for (Integer i = 0; i < NUM; i++) { accs [i] = new Account (name='test ' + i, outstandingshares__c=i); } insert accs; Contact [] cons = new Contact [0]; for (Account acc : accs) { cons.add (new Contact (lastName=acc.name + '1', accountid=acc.id)); cons.add (new Contact (lastName=acc.name + '2', accountid=acc.id)); } insert cons; SOQL Query Variable Declaration Control Structure Array Data Operation Commit Transaction
- 41. Apex code is stored as metadata, interpreted at runtime, and cached for scalability
- 42. § Bulk DML § Email and messaging § Asynchronous processing (@future) § XmlStream / HTTP (RESTful) services classes § Declarative exposure as new Web Services § Platform Encryption Apex is deeply integrated with platform features
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