SlideShare a Scribd company logo
2
Most read
3
Most read
Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size
First Author#1
, Second Author*2
, Third Author#3
#
First-Third Department, First-Third University
Address Including Country Name
1first.author@first-third.edu
3third.author@first-third.edu
*
Second Company
Address Including Country Name
2second.author@second.com
Abstract— This document gives formatting instructions for
authors preparing papers for publication in the Proceedings of
an IEEE conference. The authors must follow the instructions
given in the document for the papers to be published. You can
use this document as both an instruction set and as a template
into which you can type your own text.
Keywords— Include at least 5 keywords or phrases
I. INTRODUCTION
This document is a template. An electronic copy can be
downloaded from the conference website. For questions on
paper guidelines, please contact the conference publications
committee as indicated on the conference website.
Information about final paper submission is available from the
conference website.
II. PAGE LAYOUT
An easy way to comply with the conference paper
formatting requirements is to use this document as a template
and simply type your text into it.
A. Page Layout
Your paper must use a page size corresponding to A4
which is 210mm (8.27") wide and 297mm (11.69") long. The
margins must be set as follows:
• Top = 19mm (0.75")
• Bottom = 43mm (1.69")
• Left = Right = 14.32mm (0.56")
Your paper must be in two column format with a space of
4.22mm (0.17") between columns.
III. PAGE STYLE
All paragraphs must be indented. All paragraphs must be
justified, i.e. both left-justified and right-justified.
A. Text Font of Entire Document
The entire document should be in Times New Roman or
Times font. Type 3 fonts must not be used. Other font types
may be used if needed for special purposes.
Recommended font sizes are shown in Table 1.
B. Title and Author Details
Title must be in 24 pt Regular font. Author name must be
in 11 pt Regular font. Author affiliation must be in 10 pt
Italic. Email address must be in 9 pt Courier Regular font.
TABLE I
FONT SIZES FOR PAPERS
Font
Size
Appearance (in Time New Roman or Times)
Regular Bold Italic
8 table caption (in
Small Caps),
figure caption,
reference item
reference item
(partial)
9 author email address
(in Courier),
cell in a table
abstract
body
abstract heading
(also in Bold)
10 level-1 heading (in
Small Caps),
paragraph
level-2 heading,
level-3 heading,
author affiliation
11 author name
24 title
All title and author details must be in single-column format
and must be centered.
Every word in a title must be capitalized except for short
minor words such as “a”, “an”, “and”, “as”, “at”, “by”, “for”,
“from”, “if”, “in”, “into”, “on”, “or”, “of”, “the”, “to”, “with”.
Author details must not show any professional title (e.g.
Managing Director), any academic title (e.g. Dr.) or any
membership of any professional organization (e.g. Senior
Member IEEE).
To avoid confusion, the family name must be written as the
last part of each author name (e.g. John A.K. Smith).
Each affiliation must include, at the very least, the name of
the company and the name of the country where the author is
based (e.g. Causal Productions Pty Ltd, Australia).
Email address is compulsory for the corresponding author.
C. Section Headings
No more than 3 levels of headings should be used. All
headings must be in 10pt font. Every word in a heading must
be capitalized except for short minor words as listed in
Section III-B.
1) Level-1 Heading: A level-1 heading must be in Small
Caps, centered and numbered using uppercase Roman
numerals. For example, see heading “III. Page Style” of this
document. The two level-1 headings which must not be
numbered are “Acknowledgment” and “References”.
2) Level-2 Heading: A level-2 heading must be in Italic,
left-justified and numbered using an uppercase alphabetic
letter followed by a period. For example, see heading “C.
Section Headings” above.
3) Level-3 Heading: A level-3 heading must be indented,
in Italic and numbered with an Arabic numeral followed by a
right parenthesis. The level-3 heading must end with a colon.
The body of the level-3 section immediately follows the level-
3 heading in the same paragraph. For example, this paragraph
begins with a level-3 heading.
D. Figures and Tables
Figures and tables must be centered in the column. Large
figures and tables may span across both columns. Any table
or figure that takes up more than 1 column width must be
positioned either at the top or at the bottom of the page.
Graphics may be full color. All colors will be retained on
the CDROM. Graphics must not use stipple fill patterns
because they may not be reproduced properly. Please use
only SOLID FILL colors which contrast well both on screen
and on a black-and-white hardcopy, as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 A sample line graph using colors which contrast well both on screen
and on a black-and-white hardcopy
Fig. 2 shows an example of a low-resolution image which
would not be acceptable, whereas Fig. 3 shows an example of
an image with adequate resolution. Check that the resolution
is adequate to reveal the important detail in the figure.
Please check all figures in your paper both on screen and on
a black-and-white hardcopy. When you check your paper on
a black-and-white hardcopy, please ensure that:
• the colors used in each figure contrast well,
• the image used in each figure is clear,
• all text labels in each figure are legible.
E. Figure Captions
Figures must be numbered using Arabic numerals. Figure
captions must be in 8 pt Regular font. Captions of a single
line (e.g. Fig. 2) must be centered whereas multi-line captions
must be justified (e.g. Fig. 1). Captions with figure numbers
must be placed after their associated figures, as shown in
Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 Example of an unacceptable low-resolution image
Fig. 3 Example of an image with acceptable resolution
F. Table Captions
Tables must be numbered using uppercase Roman
numerals. Table captions must be centred and in 8 pt Regular
font with Small Caps. Every word in a table caption must be
capitalized except for short minor words as listed in Section
III-B. Captions with table numbers must be placed before
their associated tables, as shown in Table 1.
G. Page Numbers, Headers and Footers
Page numbers, headers and footers must not be used.
H. Links and Bookmarks
All hypertext links and section bookmarks will be removed
from papers during the processing of papers for publication.
If you need to refer to an Internet email address or URL in
your paper, you must type out the address or URL fully in
Regular font.
I. References
The heading of the References section must not be
numbered. All reference items must be in 8 pt font. Please
use Regular and Italic styles to distinguish different fields as
shown in the References section. Number the reference items
consecutively in square brackets (e.g. [1]).
When referring to a reference item, please simply use the
reference number, as in [2]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or
“Reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence, e.g.
“Reference [3] shows …”. Multiple references are each
numbered with separate brackets (e.g. [2], [3], [4]–[6]).
Examples of reference items of different categories shown
in the References section include:
• example of a book in [1]
• example of a book in a series in [2]
• example of a journal article in [3]
• example of a conference paper in [4]
• example of a patent in [5]
• example of a website in [6]
• example of a web page in [7]
• example of a databook as a manual in [8]
• example of a datasheet in [9]
• example of a master’s thesis in [10]
• example of a technical report in [11]
• example of a standard in [12]
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The version of this template is V2. Most of the formatting
instructions in this document have been compiled by Causal
Productions from the IEEE LaTeX style files. Causal
Productions offers both A4 templates and US Letter templates
for LaTeX and Microsoft Word. The LaTeX templates
depend on the official IEEEtran.cls and IEEEtran.bst files,
whereas the Microsoft Word templates are self-contained.
Causal Productions has used its best efforts to ensure that the
templates have the same appearance.
Causal Productions permits the distribution and revision of
these templates on the condition that Causal Productions is
credited in the revised template as follows: “original version
of this template was provided by courtesy of Causal
Productions (www.causalproductions.com)”.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The heading of the Acknowledgment section and the
References section must not be numbered.
Causal Productions wishes to acknowledge Michael Shell
and other contributors for developing and maintaining the
IEEE LaTeX style files which have been used in the
preparation of this template. To see the list of contributors,
please refer to the top of file IEEETran.cls in the IEEE LaTeX
distribution.
REFERENCES
[1] S. M. Metev and V. P. Veiko, Laser Assisted Microtechnology, 2nd
ed., R. M. Osgood, Jr., Ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
[2] J. Breckling, Ed., The Analysis of Directional Time Series:
Applications to Wind Speed and Direction, ser. Lecture Notes in
Statistics. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 1989, vol. 61.
[3] S. Zhang, C. Zhu, J. K. O. Sin, and P. K. T. Mok, “A novel ultrathin
elevated channel low-temperature poly-Si TFT,” IEEE Electron
Device Lett., vol. 20, pp. 569–571, Nov. 1999.
[4] M. Wegmuller, J. P. von der Weid, P. Oberson, and N. Gisin, “High
resolution fiber distributed measurements with coherent OFDR,” in
Proc. ECOC’00, 2000, paper 11.3.4, p. 109.
[5] R. E. Sorace, V. S. Reinhardt, and S. A. Vaughn, “High-speed digital-
to-RF converter,” U.S. Patent 5 668 842, Sept. 16, 1997.
[6] (2002) The IEEE website. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieee.org/
[7] M. Shell. (2002) IEEEtran homepage on CTAN. [Online]. Available:
http://www.ctan.org/tex-
archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/
[8] FLEXChip Signal Processor (MC68175/D), Motorola, 1996.
[9] “PDCA12-70 data sheet,” Opto Speed SA, Mezzovico, Switzerland.
[10] A. Karnik, “Performance of TCP congestion control with rate
feedback: TCP/ABR and rate adaptive TCP/IP,” M. Eng. thesis, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Jan. 1999.
[11] J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, and D. Towsley, “A stochastic model of TCP
Reno congestion avoidance and control,” Univ. of Massachusetts,
Amherst, MA, CMPSCI Tech. Rep. 99-02, 1999.
[12] Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) Specification, IEEE Std. 802.11, 1997.

More Related Content

PPTX
Software engineering.pptx
DOCX
GE3361-PD lab anna university questions .docx
PPTX
Data and database administration(database)
PPTX
Database system environment ppt.
PPT
System design
PPTX
Database systems - Chapter 1
PPT
software development and programming languages
Software engineering.pptx
GE3361-PD lab anna university questions .docx
Data and database administration(database)
Database system environment ppt.
System design
Database systems - Chapter 1
software development and programming languages

What's hot (20)

DOC
Ieee paper format
DOC
Ieee format paper
PDF
prompt engineering
DOC
Friendbook a semantic based friend recommendation system for social networks
PPTX
CHATGPT VS BARD AI
PPSX
Introduction to MATLAB
PPTX
Theory of computation Lec7 pda
PDF
IoT in aircraft manufacturing-tech m
PDF
Career opportunities for engineering students
PPTX
Prompt Engineering Guide.pptx
PPTX
Compiler design lab
PPTX
My new TA ChatGPT .pptx
PPTX
What is ChatGPT
PPTX
COMPILER DESIGN OPTIONS
PPTX
Two pass Assembler
PDF
Generative AI
PDF
Ptc creo harness manufacturing extension (hmx) sales presentation
PDF
Aws certification roadmap yogesh-sharma
PDF
Algorithms
PDF
PTC Creo customization using VB API - Lecture 1 - Overview
Ieee paper format
Ieee format paper
prompt engineering
Friendbook a semantic based friend recommendation system for social networks
CHATGPT VS BARD AI
Introduction to MATLAB
Theory of computation Lec7 pda
IoT in aircraft manufacturing-tech m
Career opportunities for engineering students
Prompt Engineering Guide.pptx
Compiler design lab
My new TA ChatGPT .pptx
What is ChatGPT
COMPILER DESIGN OPTIONS
Two pass Assembler
Generative AI
Ptc creo harness manufacturing extension (hmx) sales presentation
Aws certification roadmap yogesh-sharma
Algorithms
PTC Creo customization using VB API - Lecture 1 - Overview
Ad

Similar to Sample IEEE Paper Format (20)

DOC
Ieee final-paper-format
DOCX
Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size First Author#1, Sec.docx
DOCX
Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size First Author#1, Sec.docx
PDF
Ieee paper template
DOC
Ieeepaperformat 130114110008-phpapp01
PDF
A study of mmmmmmmmmmmmnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
DOC
Icme2013templatecr
DOC
Ieee format
PDF
how to make a research paper ?
DOCX
Plantilla ieee
DOC
DOCX
Project guidelines
DOCX
IEEE-Template.docx
DOCX
Plantilla IEEE
DOCX
ijetms-latest-format.docx
DOCX
Trans jour
DOC
Ieee rules for paper presentation
DOC
ACM Word Template for SIG Site
PDF
Rtetmsd format1
DOCX
T template
Ieee final-paper-format
Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size First Author#1, Sec.docx
Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size First Author#1, Sec.docx
Ieee paper template
Ieeepaperformat 130114110008-phpapp01
A study of mmmmmmmmmmmmnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
Icme2013templatecr
Ieee format
how to make a research paper ?
Plantilla ieee
Project guidelines
IEEE-Template.docx
Plantilla IEEE
ijetms-latest-format.docx
Trans jour
Ieee rules for paper presentation
ACM Word Template for SIG Site
Rtetmsd format1
T template
Ad

More from Aanand Kumar (12)

PDF
Project Report On Solar Air Conditioner
PPT
PPT On Lathe Machine
PPT
PPT On Hydraulic Machines - Turbines
PPTX
PPT On Dynamometers
DOCX
Presentation Report On Dynamometers
DOCX
Presentation Report on Governor
PPTX
Analysis of Welding Defects
PPT
Unconventional Machining Process
PPT
Power Plant Familiarization
PDF
PTPS Panipat Summer Training Project Report
DOC
Thermoacoustic Refrigerator
PPT
Thermoacoustic Refrigerator
Project Report On Solar Air Conditioner
PPT On Lathe Machine
PPT On Hydraulic Machines - Turbines
PPT On Dynamometers
Presentation Report On Dynamometers
Presentation Report on Governor
Analysis of Welding Defects
Unconventional Machining Process
Power Plant Familiarization
PTPS Panipat Summer Training Project Report
Thermoacoustic Refrigerator
Thermoacoustic Refrigerator

Recently uploaded (20)

PPTX
UNIT 4 Total Quality Management .pptx
PDF
Mohammad Mahdi Farshadian CV - Prospective PhD Student 2026
PPTX
Construction Project Organization Group 2.pptx
PDF
Mitigating Risks through Effective Management for Enhancing Organizational Pe...
PDF
PPT on Performance Review to get promotions
PPTX
Infosys Presentation by1.Riyan Bagwan 2.Samadhan Naiknavare 3.Gaurav Shinde 4...
PPTX
Recipes for Real Time Voice AI WebRTC, SLMs and Open Source Software.pptx
PPTX
KTU 2019 -S7-MCN 401 MODULE 2-VINAY.pptx
PDF
Automation-in-Manufacturing-Chapter-Introduction.pdf
PDF
Well-logging-methods_new................
PDF
SM_6th-Sem__Cse_Internet-of-Things.pdf IOT
DOCX
ASol_English-Language-Literature-Set-1-27-02-2023-converted.docx
PDF
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes
PPTX
bas. eng. economics group 4 presentation 1.pptx
PPTX
Lecture Notes Electrical Wiring System Components
PDF
Model Code of Practice - Construction Work - 21102022 .pdf
PPT
Project quality management in manufacturing
PDF
Enhancing Cyber Defense Against Zero-Day Attacks using Ensemble Neural Networks
PDF
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
PPTX
Welding lecture in detail for understanding
UNIT 4 Total Quality Management .pptx
Mohammad Mahdi Farshadian CV - Prospective PhD Student 2026
Construction Project Organization Group 2.pptx
Mitigating Risks through Effective Management for Enhancing Organizational Pe...
PPT on Performance Review to get promotions
Infosys Presentation by1.Riyan Bagwan 2.Samadhan Naiknavare 3.Gaurav Shinde 4...
Recipes for Real Time Voice AI WebRTC, SLMs and Open Source Software.pptx
KTU 2019 -S7-MCN 401 MODULE 2-VINAY.pptx
Automation-in-Manufacturing-Chapter-Introduction.pdf
Well-logging-methods_new................
SM_6th-Sem__Cse_Internet-of-Things.pdf IOT
ASol_English-Language-Literature-Set-1-27-02-2023-converted.docx
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes
bas. eng. economics group 4 presentation 1.pptx
Lecture Notes Electrical Wiring System Components
Model Code of Practice - Construction Work - 21102022 .pdf
Project quality management in manufacturing
Enhancing Cyber Defense Against Zero-Day Attacks using Ensemble Neural Networks
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
Welding lecture in detail for understanding

Sample IEEE Paper Format

  • 1. Sample IEEE Paper for A4 Page Size First Author#1 , Second Author*2 , Third Author#3 # First-Third Department, First-Third University Address Including Country Name 1first.author@first-third.edu 3third.author@first-third.edu * Second Company Address Including Country Name 2second.author@second.com Abstract— This document gives formatting instructions for authors preparing papers for publication in the Proceedings of an IEEE conference. The authors must follow the instructions given in the document for the papers to be published. You can use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which you can type your own text. Keywords— Include at least 5 keywords or phrases I. INTRODUCTION This document is a template. An electronic copy can be downloaded from the conference website. For questions on paper guidelines, please contact the conference publications committee as indicated on the conference website. Information about final paper submission is available from the conference website. II. PAGE LAYOUT An easy way to comply with the conference paper formatting requirements is to use this document as a template and simply type your text into it. A. Page Layout Your paper must use a page size corresponding to A4 which is 210mm (8.27") wide and 297mm (11.69") long. The margins must be set as follows: • Top = 19mm (0.75") • Bottom = 43mm (1.69") • Left = Right = 14.32mm (0.56") Your paper must be in two column format with a space of 4.22mm (0.17") between columns. III. PAGE STYLE All paragraphs must be indented. All paragraphs must be justified, i.e. both left-justified and right-justified. A. Text Font of Entire Document The entire document should be in Times New Roman or Times font. Type 3 fonts must not be used. Other font types may be used if needed for special purposes. Recommended font sizes are shown in Table 1. B. Title and Author Details Title must be in 24 pt Regular font. Author name must be in 11 pt Regular font. Author affiliation must be in 10 pt Italic. Email address must be in 9 pt Courier Regular font. TABLE I FONT SIZES FOR PAPERS Font Size Appearance (in Time New Roman or Times) Regular Bold Italic 8 table caption (in Small Caps), figure caption, reference item reference item (partial) 9 author email address (in Courier), cell in a table abstract body abstract heading (also in Bold) 10 level-1 heading (in Small Caps), paragraph level-2 heading, level-3 heading, author affiliation 11 author name 24 title All title and author details must be in single-column format and must be centered. Every word in a title must be capitalized except for short minor words such as “a”, “an”, “and”, “as”, “at”, “by”, “for”, “from”, “if”, “in”, “into”, “on”, “or”, “of”, “the”, “to”, “with”. Author details must not show any professional title (e.g. Managing Director), any academic title (e.g. Dr.) or any membership of any professional organization (e.g. Senior Member IEEE). To avoid confusion, the family name must be written as the last part of each author name (e.g. John A.K. Smith). Each affiliation must include, at the very least, the name of the company and the name of the country where the author is based (e.g. Causal Productions Pty Ltd, Australia). Email address is compulsory for the corresponding author. C. Section Headings No more than 3 levels of headings should be used. All headings must be in 10pt font. Every word in a heading must be capitalized except for short minor words as listed in Section III-B. 1) Level-1 Heading: A level-1 heading must be in Small Caps, centered and numbered using uppercase Roman
  • 2. numerals. For example, see heading “III. Page Style” of this document. The two level-1 headings which must not be numbered are “Acknowledgment” and “References”. 2) Level-2 Heading: A level-2 heading must be in Italic, left-justified and numbered using an uppercase alphabetic letter followed by a period. For example, see heading “C. Section Headings” above. 3) Level-3 Heading: A level-3 heading must be indented, in Italic and numbered with an Arabic numeral followed by a right parenthesis. The level-3 heading must end with a colon. The body of the level-3 section immediately follows the level- 3 heading in the same paragraph. For example, this paragraph begins with a level-3 heading. D. Figures and Tables Figures and tables must be centered in the column. Large figures and tables may span across both columns. Any table or figure that takes up more than 1 column width must be positioned either at the top or at the bottom of the page. Graphics may be full color. All colors will be retained on the CDROM. Graphics must not use stipple fill patterns because they may not be reproduced properly. Please use only SOLID FILL colors which contrast well both on screen and on a black-and-white hardcopy, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1 A sample line graph using colors which contrast well both on screen and on a black-and-white hardcopy Fig. 2 shows an example of a low-resolution image which would not be acceptable, whereas Fig. 3 shows an example of an image with adequate resolution. Check that the resolution is adequate to reveal the important detail in the figure. Please check all figures in your paper both on screen and on a black-and-white hardcopy. When you check your paper on a black-and-white hardcopy, please ensure that: • the colors used in each figure contrast well, • the image used in each figure is clear, • all text labels in each figure are legible. E. Figure Captions Figures must be numbered using Arabic numerals. Figure captions must be in 8 pt Regular font. Captions of a single line (e.g. Fig. 2) must be centered whereas multi-line captions must be justified (e.g. Fig. 1). Captions with figure numbers must be placed after their associated figures, as shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 Example of an unacceptable low-resolution image Fig. 3 Example of an image with acceptable resolution F. Table Captions Tables must be numbered using uppercase Roman numerals. Table captions must be centred and in 8 pt Regular font with Small Caps. Every word in a table caption must be capitalized except for short minor words as listed in Section III-B. Captions with table numbers must be placed before their associated tables, as shown in Table 1. G. Page Numbers, Headers and Footers Page numbers, headers and footers must not be used. H. Links and Bookmarks All hypertext links and section bookmarks will be removed from papers during the processing of papers for publication. If you need to refer to an Internet email address or URL in your paper, you must type out the address or URL fully in Regular font.
  • 3. I. References The heading of the References section must not be numbered. All reference items must be in 8 pt font. Please use Regular and Italic styles to distinguish different fields as shown in the References section. Number the reference items consecutively in square brackets (e.g. [1]). When referring to a reference item, please simply use the reference number, as in [2]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “Reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence, e.g. “Reference [3] shows …”. Multiple references are each numbered with separate brackets (e.g. [2], [3], [4]–[6]). Examples of reference items of different categories shown in the References section include: • example of a book in [1] • example of a book in a series in [2] • example of a journal article in [3] • example of a conference paper in [4] • example of a patent in [5] • example of a website in [6] • example of a web page in [7] • example of a databook as a manual in [8] • example of a datasheet in [9] • example of a master’s thesis in [10] • example of a technical report in [11] • example of a standard in [12] IV. CONCLUSIONS The version of this template is V2. Most of the formatting instructions in this document have been compiled by Causal Productions from the IEEE LaTeX style files. Causal Productions offers both A4 templates and US Letter templates for LaTeX and Microsoft Word. The LaTeX templates depend on the official IEEEtran.cls and IEEEtran.bst files, whereas the Microsoft Word templates are self-contained. Causal Productions has used its best efforts to ensure that the templates have the same appearance. Causal Productions permits the distribution and revision of these templates on the condition that Causal Productions is credited in the revised template as follows: “original version of this template was provided by courtesy of Causal Productions (www.causalproductions.com)”. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The heading of the Acknowledgment section and the References section must not be numbered. Causal Productions wishes to acknowledge Michael Shell and other contributors for developing and maintaining the IEEE LaTeX style files which have been used in the preparation of this template. To see the list of contributors, please refer to the top of file IEEETran.cls in the IEEE LaTeX distribution. REFERENCES [1] S. M. Metev and V. P. Veiko, Laser Assisted Microtechnology, 2nd ed., R. M. Osgood, Jr., Ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, 1998. [2] J. Breckling, Ed., The Analysis of Directional Time Series: Applications to Wind Speed and Direction, ser. Lecture Notes in Statistics. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 1989, vol. 61. [3] S. Zhang, C. Zhu, J. K. O. Sin, and P. K. T. Mok, “A novel ultrathin elevated channel low-temperature poly-Si TFT,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 20, pp. 569–571, Nov. 1999. [4] M. Wegmuller, J. P. von der Weid, P. Oberson, and N. Gisin, “High resolution fiber distributed measurements with coherent OFDR,” in Proc. ECOC’00, 2000, paper 11.3.4, p. 109. [5] R. E. Sorace, V. S. Reinhardt, and S. A. Vaughn, “High-speed digital- to-RF converter,” U.S. Patent 5 668 842, Sept. 16, 1997. [6] (2002) The IEEE website. [Online]. Available: http://www.ieee.org/ [7] M. Shell. (2002) IEEEtran homepage on CTAN. [Online]. Available: http://www.ctan.org/tex- archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported/IEEEtran/ [8] FLEXChip Signal Processor (MC68175/D), Motorola, 1996. [9] “PDCA12-70 data sheet,” Opto Speed SA, Mezzovico, Switzerland. [10] A. Karnik, “Performance of TCP congestion control with rate feedback: TCP/ABR and rate adaptive TCP/IP,” M. Eng. thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Jan. 1999. [11] J. Padhye, V. Firoiu, and D. Towsley, “A stochastic model of TCP Reno congestion avoidance and control,” Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, CMPSCI Tech. Rep. 99-02, 1999. [12] Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specification, IEEE Std. 802.11, 1997.