SAP UI5 is a framework for building responsive web applications that adapt to different devices. It addresses common questions about UI5, JavaScript, OData, and Fiori including how applications are built and configured in the SAP Fiori launchpad. Sample interview questions are provided related to UI5 development, OData, Fiori elements, and testing. The document also outlines the process for configuring Fiori launchpad roles and applications using transaction codes to integrate UI5 apps and provide user access.