Sass is a CSS preprocessor that adds powerful features like variables, nesting, mixins, and functions to regular CSS. It allows for more organized and reusable CSS code. This document outlines Sass features like variables, nesting, mixins, extends, functions, control directives, and maps. It provides examples of useful mixins like clearfix, vertical align, media queries, and grids. It recommends best practices like good file structure, proper variable usage, limiting nesting, and checking the compiled CSS output.