Scanned with CamScannerApplication Assignment 2 Part 2 .docx
- 1. Scanned with CamScanner Application Assignment 2: Part 2 - Developing an Advocacy Campaign The following application, Part 2, will be due in Week 7. To prepare: · Review Chapter 3 of Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide. · In the first assignment, you reflected on whether the policy you would like to promote could best be achieved through the development of new legislation, or a change in an existing law or regulation. Refine as necessary using any feedback from your first paper. · Contemplate how existing laws or regulations may affect how you proceed in advocating for your proposed policy. · Consider how you could influence legislators or other policymakers to enact the policy you propose. · Think about the obstacles of the legislative process that may prevent your proposed policy from being implemented as intended. · To complete: Part Two will have approximately 3–4 pages of content plus a title page and references. Part Two will address the following: · Explain whether your proposed policy could be enacted through a modification of existing law or regulation or the creation of new legislation/regulation. · Explain how existing laws or regulations could affect your advocacy efforts. Be sure to cite and reference the laws and regulations using primary sources.
- 2. · Provide an analysis of the methods you could use to influence legislators or other policymakers to support your policy. In particular, explain how you would use the “three legs” of lobbying in your advocacy efforts. · Summarize obstacles that could arise in the legislative process and how to overcome these hurdles. Milstead: 3 Legs of Lobbying “According to Milstead (2013), Leg One of the Three-Legged Stool consists of lobbying which is the act of influencing – the art of persuading-a government entity. “Legislators often rely on lobbyists’ expertise to help them understand what they are voting for or against.” (Milstead, 2013, p. 53). Local State Representatives should be targeted as a champion for the bill and that’s likely where an average voter can begin for their voice to be heard at the local and state levels.Leg Two of the Three-Legged Stool also includes the grassroots lobbyists. The AmericanNurses Association often spear-heads lobbying efforts in the best interest of the public on healthcare related issues and has a strong history of working with Congress on these important issues. “Grassroots lobbyists are constituents who have the power to elect officials through their vote and have expertise and knowledge about a particular issue (such as nurses in healthcare reform debates)” (Milstead, 2013, p. 54). Nurses can become a member of the American Nurses Association or other associations to ensure nurses have a voice on these important issues” Reflection Associate Professor Michael Segon Director MBA
- 3. 1 Reflection Reflection is used as a learning tool to make sense of what we have experienced and how we can optimise our learning from that experience. Mezirow understands reflection as an assessment of how or why we have perceived, thought, felt, or acted (Mezirow, 1990, p. 6). Reflection is a mental activity aimed at investigating one's own action in a certain situation and involving a review of the experience, an analysis of causes and effects, and the drawing of conclusions concerning future action (Woerkom, 2003, p. 40). 2 Reflection Morris and Wood (2011, p. 275) note the importance of reflection as a means by which people can develop a theoretical understanding that allows them to connect their own experiences past, present and future. The ability to be aware of oneself and the differing values, beliefs and attitudes of others requires self-reflection, disclosure and active interaction with others (Sims &
- 4. Brinkmann, 2003; Sims & Felton, 2006). The process of reflection must be seen as a critical step in the learning process as individuals need to time to think back on the experience and try to make sense of action and casual links between behaviour and performance 3 Critical Reflection Reynolds (1999, p. 538) states that critical reflection involves a commitment to questioning assumptions and taken-for-granted concepts embodied in both theory and professional practice. The participant’s ability to engage in reflection determines the extent to which they can learn from their own experiences (Boud et al., 1985) and therefore reflection provides a meaningful way for leaders to gain genuine understanding. 4 Self Awareness Self -awareness/self knowledge has been shown to be a key factor in differentiating successful managers from those that have failed (Shipper & Dillard, 2000 ) Successful managers must know themselves, their strengths, values and how they best perform (Drucker, 1999). According to Goleman (2002) the three dimensions of self awareness are:-
- 5. Emotional awareness Self-assessment Self-confidence 5 The Importance of Self Awareness In addition to knowing your emotions, your strengths and limits, and how others perceive you, it is important to know what motivates your behaviours. A major influence on your behaviour is your personality, usually described as those relatively permanent psychological and behavioural attributes that distinguish individuals from others (Quinn et al, 2015) 6 The Enigma of Self Awareness Hayakawa (1962) asserts that the first law of life is not self- preservation but self-image preservation. In other words prefer to see who we want to be, or who we think we are, rather than who we actually are. Without self analysis and self disclosure, we will be trapped in the self-image and unable to develop critical capabilities.
- 6. 7 How To Gain Self Awareness Others Perception, Feedback, Social Mirror Self- Disclosure Diverse Experiences Self- Awareness Self Analysis Behaviour Personality Attitudes Perceptions modes of thinking Traits stereotypes modes of acting Factors projections modes of interacting expectations motivation interests The Role of Reflection in Management Development Reflection offers the opportunity to: View our own thoughts, feelings & behaviours. Build a picture of who we are. Make sense of what we see, do & feel. Work through feelings & beliefs.
- 7. See the impact of, and attempt to integrate the experiences of the past and present. See patterns in our thoughts, feelings & behaviours. Map our progress and development. Individual Reflection It means stepping back from the activity you have been engaged in and reflecting on the process- What is happening? What have I been doing? What thoughts have I been having? What feelings have I experienced? What effect has my behaviour had on others? In what ways could I be more effective? What has affected my ability to do this? What does this mean about myself and the way I approach situations? What does it tell me about the assumptions I make? What does it tell me about the way I behave? What do I want to change about this? How can I do this? The Kolb Learning Cycle Researchers such as Laird (1985), and Knowles (1984) identified that adults learn differently from children with a preference for experiential and activities . Kolb (1984, pp. 2931) developed an experiential learning model that encompasses most of these learning preferences, and is consistent with social learning theory. This theory, (Bandura, 1977), says that the development of
- 8. behavioural and conceptual skills comes from observation and practice. The Kolb Learning Cycle Kolb (1984) suggested that in order to learn effectively, adults need to go through all of the four stages and that the process is an ongoing one. This implies that adults continually engage in learning, and that understanding has to be attained through a process of thinking and testing as well as experience. The Kolb Learning Cycle Concrete Experience: Kolb simply says that adults prefer to actually do something, engage in a process and be given the freedom to act for themselves. They do not like to be told but rather have a real experience to be able to consider. Observation and reflection The second step is that of observation and reflection. Because adults have greater cognitive skills, they will be able to gather more information than is given to them. They will watch and observe others, how the situation changes and start to question how and why things are happening. – i.e. to observe & reflect. The Kolb Learning Cycle
- 9. Abstract conceptualisation and concept application The third step in the process is the formulation of ‘hunches’ or more specifically, hypotheses about what has happened, what the underlying relationships are and what are the likely scenarios in the future. Evaluation and Testing The fourth and final stage in which the learners put their impressions to the test so as to verify their conclusions. In this way the learners will either be satisfied with the outcomes, or recognise the need for further reflection and re- conceptualisation. Maximizing Learning Using Kolb's model as a guide the learning of skills is maximised when participants get the opportunity to combine watching, thinking and doing. (Latham and Saari, 1979b; Manz & Sims, 1981; Decker, 1982; and Clark et al., 1985) 15 Reflection on Action Schon (1983) describes the process of reflection-on-action”. This is a retrospective process, "in which practitioners return to the experience, attend to their own and others' feelings about
- 10. the experience, and re-evaluate the experience" (Foley, 2000, p. 52; Schon 1983, pp. 61-62). 16 The Reflection Assignment in MGMT 20134 The third assignment in MGMT20134 is designed as a reflection process. By asking students to undertake diagnostic tools, case studies in class, and make regular commentaries after each class, the first three key stages of the Kolb Learning cycle are undertaken and the review of experiences and thoughts at the end of term is consistent with the “reflection-on-action” task. The fourth stage of testing occurs in either future classes and processes or in the work environment. 17 Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner
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- 13. Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner Sheet1BUSN20134 Business Ethics and Sustainability- Reflection Assignment 2 Part B .2 - Assessment Rubric (This information is provided as a guide to expectations regarding the reflective assignment. As with any assessment tasks students should seek further clarification from the facilitator and unit coordinator to insure they understand the requirements of the assessment task)WeightingFail-IIIFail-IIFail- IPassCreditDistinctionHigh DistinctionDiagnostic Tools & Cases30%3 or fewer ethical diagnostic tools used and or referred to- Incomplete results sheets attached as appendices. No evidence of the nominated case.3 or fewer ethical diagnostic tools used and or referred to- Incomplete results sheets attached as appendices. 1-2 cases attached but not verified or not the nominated cases. 3 or fewer ethical diagnostic tools used and or referred to- Incomplete results sheets attached as appendices3 ethical diagnostic tools referred to and evidenced 2 nominated and verified cases attached.3-5 ethical diagnostic tools referred to and evidenced the 2 nominated and verified cases attached and at least 2 others referred to.6-10 ethical diagnostic tools referred to and evidenced the 2 nominated with the 2 verified cases attached and at least 3 others referred to.11-15 ethical diagnostic tools referred to and evidenced the 2 nominated with the 2 verified cases attached and at least 5 others referred toReflective Essay , Analysis and Learning Assessment.
- 14. Discussion of key events linked to ethical practice, directly linked to diagnostic results and to the nominated case.50%No evidence of self-development in the essay. Very poorly developed and limited evidence of self-reflection in the essay or links to diagnostic results or clear plans for developmentLimited self-reflection and vague links to diagnostic tools. Lack of clear examples from professional practice as basis for arguments for reflective practice. Little clear discussion of learning activitiesSatisfactory reflection using 2-3 critical incidents and general reference to the ethical diagnostic tools and cases. Some attempt to use ethical theories to analyse the cases and decision making.Good reflection referring to the ethical diagnostic tools and cases diagnostic results, and using 4-5 examples from professional ethical practice as basis for reflection. Links to the specific cases and ethical theories as a way of engaging in self analysis. Some reference to the value of the unit content.Very good reflection, specific reference to the ethical tools diagnostic tools contrasting results and using more than 5 examples as the basis for reflective practice. Specific use of the cases and decision making and using a range of ethical theories as the basis for analysing the decision and drawing conclusion about future practice. Clear discussion of the value of the unit and how the material will be applied in future. Superior reflection based on multiple, concise examples from professional practice. Contrasting result of multiple relevant ethical tools and specific ethical theories to analyse decision making from the nominated cases and other cases, specific use ethical theories to analyse decision making and directly contrast against tools. Inference drawn about applicability as a future manager and concise overview of learning.Report Presentation Layout, structure and readability of the written reflection20%Very poorly presented reflection essay. Attachments incomplete.Poorly presented reflection essay.- very little effort spent on structure, and general presentation. Attachments incomplete.Poor reflection essay, limited evidence
- 15. cohesive and integrated structure Attachments incomplete or use of non-verified cases.Satisfactory reflection essay. presentation - clear and readable layout, appropriate use of headings. Minimum standard of required attachmentsClear, attractive and readable reflection, good layout and structure. Required attachments. Very good reflective essay, well presented, good layout and structure. Good use of headings and clear expression and grammar. Required attachmentsSuperior reflective essay, well presented, good layout and structure. Excellent use of headings and clear expression and grammar. Clear and concise language content flow. Required attachments . Scanned with CamScanner Reflection Trigger Questions The key to effective reflection is to analyze your own behaviours, and decisions so as to gain a better understanding of why you do what you do, and to challenge whether this is appropriate or not. Most students simply describe what they did or the decision they took, then jump immediately to an assessment of whether it was right or not- this is not reflection. This is description and will only result in a pass. Key questions to consider · What decision did I make or behaviour did I exhibit? · What assumptions or beliefs did I hold that informed my practice?
- 16. · Why did I hold these views or assumption- explore your upbringing, education, religious beliefs, cultural background- does this explain it? · How did I feel about the decision? Examples of emptions might include: anger, ambivalence, confusion, annoyance- etc. · Explore why you held these feelings! Is it due to a conflict between what you thought was acceptable and the ethical content we considered in class or the unit? You need to refer to at least 2 cases or activities we undertook in class as the basis for your discussion. These two minimum cases will be nominated by the unit co-ordinator, but referring to more cases and how you reached your decisions is likely to display greater depth. Cases might include, e.g. the Ford Pinto, All Asia Airways, Moral Triggers, etc Using the trigger questions analyze what you did, or the position you held and why. (Assumption, background etc.) As part of the analysis you must directly refer to the results of a minimum of 3 verified diagnostic tools. E.g. does you result from the Values questionnaire explain your behaviours or decision making, or does it help you understand your assumptions etc. Contrast and compare the results of the tools to seek understanding of your behaviours and assumption, decisions etc. These must be attached to the assignments as appendices. ( Just the results page) (Remember that the minimum is 3 diagnostic tools- if you only refer to 3 results then you will only score the minimum grade for this section.
- 17. One of the key objectives of this unit was to provide you with the tools to analyze the ethical dimension of a decision or situation that you might find yourself in, so that you can assess the ethical risk to you and your organisation. To allow you to make a more informed decision. Determine whether the content of the unit has given you greater insight into ethics and behaviour. Think about this objective and provide a final commentary about how you will use this information as a manager in the future.