SCIENTIFIC METHOD.ppt
- 1. We all see the world differently! ? C A B Truth Non truth Beliefs Biases Perceptions
- 8. Hello 9-SSC Students! I’m Mr.Q, Teacher Jessa’s best friend. Everytime you see me, take note coz I may ask questions with corresponding points.
- 9. What is scientific method? The scientific method is a tool that helps scientists and the rest of us to solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format. It provides step-by-step, general directions to help us work through problems.
- 10. Steps in the Scientific Method • Identify a problem. • Research the problem. • Formulate a hypothesis. • Conduct an experiment. • Reach a conclusion.
- 11. Identify the Problem Gathered through your senses. Includes you observations. A scientist notices something in their natural world.
- 12. Snakes hear from their jawbones! Their inner ears are connected to their jawbones, so vibrations travel from the jawbones to the ear before being processed.
- 13. Observations An example of an observation might be noticing the drastic change of the Earth’s climate.
- 15. Hypothesis A suggested solution to the problem. Must be testable Sometimes written as If…Then… statements Predicts an outcome
- 16. Hypothesis An example of a hypothesis, climate change is caused by deforestation and burning of plastics.
- 18. Experiment A procedure to test the hypothesis.
- 19. Experiment Variable Factor in the experiment that is being tested
- 20. What was the name of the first animal being experimented and undergone cloning? First successful cloning of a mammal. Year 1996, Dolly the sheep–the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell–is born at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. “Dolly the sheep”
- 21. Scientific Experiments Follow Rules An experimenter changes one factor and observes or measures what happens.
- 22. Variables A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types. 1.Independent 2.Dependent 3.Controlled The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist. As the scientist changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens.
- 23. The scientist focuses his or her observations on the dependent variable to see how it responds to the change made to the independent variable. Experiments also have controlled variables. Controlled variables are quantities that a scientist wants to remain constant, and he must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables.
- 25. Question Independent Variable (What I change) Dependent Variables (What I observe) Controlled Variables (What I keep the same) Does an electric motor turn faster if you increase the voltage? Voltage of the electricity measured in volts Speed of rotation measured in revolutions per minute (RPMs) Same motor for every test
- 26. How much water flows through a faucet at different openings? Water faucet opening (closed, half open, fully open) Amount of water flowing measured in liters per minute •The Faucet •Water pressure, or how much the water is "pushing“
- 27. Example of Controls & Variables For example, suppose you want to figure out the fastest route to walk home from school. You will try several different routes and time how long it takes you to get home by each one. Since you are only interested in finding a route that is fastest for you, you will do the walking yourself.
- 28. Varying the route is the What are the Variables in your Experiment? independent variable
- 29. The time it takes is the Keeping the same walker throughout makes the walker a dependent variable. control variable.
- 30. Does heating a cup of water allow it to dissolve more sugar? Temperature of the water measured in degrees Centigrade Amount of sugar that dissolves completely measured in grams Stirring Type of sugar
- 31. Conclusion The answer to the hypothesis based on the data obtained from the experiment
- 32. Solving a Problem 1)Identify a Problem 2) State Observations about the problem 3) Form a Hypothesis about the problem (if…then…) 4) Design an Experiment to test the hypothesis 5) Collect Data 6) Form a Conclusion 7) Retest
- 33. Oh! Your pen torch works. You're faced with the problem of not being able to read because your pen torch doesn't work, and you're not happy about it. You think back to the last time your pen torch didn't work, and you remember that it was because of worn- out batteries. You guess that worn-out batteries is the reason your pen torch isn't working Now, so you get some new batteries from the drawer next to your bed and replace the ones in your pen torch.
- 34. Reach a conclusion. Oh! Your pen torch works. You're faced with the problem of not being able to read because your pen torch doesn't work, and you're not happy about it. Identify a problem. You think back to the last time your pen torch didn't work, and you remember that it was because of worn- out batteries. Research the problem. Formulate a hypothesis. You guess that worn-out batteries is the reason your pen torch isn't working now, so you get some new batteries from the drawer next to your bed and replace the ones in your pen torch. Conduct an experiment.