Sedimentary

Sedimentary
rocks originate
from:

Sedimentary rock forms
layer
a thin ____________
on top of existing rock.

1.CLASTIC
Sediments
cemented
together

2.BIOCLASTIC
Remains of
plants &
animals

3.CRYSTALLINE
newly
reformed
mineral
crystals

1. CLASTIC
Sedimentary Rock:
Contain layers of
particles (sediments)
______________
formed from the
breakdown of other
rocks ( weathering)
________

Characteristics of
clastic sedimentary
fragmental
rock: (__________)
A. Varied particle size
B. Horizontal layers
C. Formed in water

CONGLOMERATE
MIXED PARTICLE SIZE

Sedimentary rock
is UNLIKE loose
sediment because
sediments have
been

compressed
______________

and
cemented
______________
together.

How do Sedimentary Rocks Form?

Three examples
of natural
cement are:
lime &
silica & calcite

Classification of
sedimentary rock is
based on:
Texture or
Grain size

2. BIOCLASTIC
Sedimentary Rocks
are formed by the
accumulation of
plant
_________ or
animal
_________ remains

*Limestone is
the Accumulation
of Shells and
animal skeletons
(calcite)

GREAT BARRIER REEF MAY
SOMEDAY BE LIMESTONE

*Coal is the remains of
BECOME

Coal
Plants that
BURIED
accumulate in
&
layers and
COMPRESSED
FOR MILLIONS
OF YEARS!!!!!!

THIN COAL LAYERS

CLASTIC

BIO-CLASTIC

3. Crystalline
sedimentary rocks
are formed from
minerals that WERE
dissolved
_______________
in water.

Minerals that were
once dissolved are
called: evaporites
and
precipitates

crystalline
sedimentary rocks
are made of only
one
mineral

and are
called
monomineralic

A fossil is
evidence
a rock is
sedimentary
_____________

Sedimentary
Rock layers
Near Albany
New York

Marine fossils in the limestone

A Waterfall weathering
The rock

ru

Running water at work again

Weathered layers of
sedimentary rock

Roadcut …perfect place to
Find fossils

Devonian fossils
of marine life

Fossil are rare
in
igneous and
metamorphic
rocks

USE YOUR
REFERENCE
TABELS
TO ANSWER
QUESTIONS
1-11

SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
Clastic
Bioclastic
Crystalline

Rock Candy
1 Glass jar or drinking glass 1 Food coloring (optional)
1 Piece of cotton string 1 c Water
1 Pencil or stick 2 c Sugar
1 Paper clip Additional sugar

Tie a short piece of cotton string to the middle of the pencil or stick.
Attach a paper clip to the end of the string for a weight.
Moisten the string very lightly, and roll in a bit of sugar
(this will "attract" the sugar crystals from the syrup to the string).
Place the pencil or stick over the top of the glass or jar with the
string hanging down inside.
Heat the water to boiling, and dissolve the 2 cups of sugar into it.
For the biggest crystals FAST, heat the sugar-water solution a
SECOND time, and dissolve as much
additional sugar as you can into it.
Add a few drops of food coloring to the solution if desired.
Pour the solution into the prepared glass or jar and leave undisturbed
for a couple of days.
Depending on how much sugar you were able to dissolve into the water,
you should start to see crystals growing in a few hours to a few days.

Just Recipes: http://www.melborponsti.com/index.htm

Rocks,
Minerals,
&
Resources

Rock and
Mineral
resources are
Non-renewable

Conservation
And Recycling are
essential….

1. The Lithosphere:

Composed of
ROCKS

2. Rocks:of
Composed

MINERALS

3. Minerals:
Composed of

ELEMENTS

Most Abundant
Elements:
Oxygen O
Silicon Si

Minerals Containing
these elements
(oxygen & silicon)
are known as:
Silicates

MINERALS
NONSILICATE MINERALS
NATIVE ELEMENTS
Elements are generally solitary (homogeneous).
Do not combine with other elements in nature.
Gold
Gold (Au)
Silver (Ag)
Platinum (Pt)
Diamond (C)
Graphite (C)
Sulfur (S) Copper
Copper (Cu)
Silver

MINERALS
NONSILICATE MINERALS
CARBONATES

Bonds generally weak.
Minerals are soft (3-4). CALCITE
Minerals are soluble in acidic water.
Leads to cave development.

Calcite (CaCO3)
Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2)

DOLOMITE

Minera
ls:
Naturally occurring
inorganic
solids
definite:
chemical composition,
molecular structure &
physical properties

The most common
rock-formers:

Listed on the
reference tables
see back page

Luster:
Light
Appearance of________
reflected from a
minerals surface
® metallic
® non-metallic
® glassy, waxy, greasy,
pearly,earthy, dull

Non-
Metallic
glassy, waxy, greasy,
pearly,earthy, dull

Hardness:
Resistance to
being
®SCRATCHED
_________

Moh’s Scale of Hardness

The scale is from 1-10
diamond is the hardest mineral

Hardness is due
to the internal
arrangement
of the molecules
or the Atoms

This mineral will
be soft due to the
loose arrangement
of the molecules

This mineral will
be hard due to the
tight arrangement
of the molecules

We will compare
a minerals
hardness to
glass

If it scratches
the glass
It must be as
hard or
harder

Cleavage:
Some minerals tend
to break along one
or more smooth
surfaces

Cleavage is also
due to :
the internal
arrangement of
the molecules

ook at the patte
patt
It can tell you how
the mineral might break

Fracture:
When a mineral has
no well-defined
cleavage plane
uneven
Breaks in _______
jagged surfaces

Color:
May be used to identify
some
___________ minerals
many minerals have the
same
___________color
some minerals come in
many
___________ colors

Streak:
Color of the
powder
______ of a
mineral when
crushed or
scratched across

Crystal:
The appearance that
results from the
internal atomic
arrangement
_______________

HALITE (NaCl)

FLUORITE (CaF2)

Common
minerals
And their uses:

Specific
Gravity:
Equal to
it’s _____
density

•magnetis
•Optical
Double
refraction
•Radioactivity
•Fluorescen
*Acid test

A mineral
containing
calcite
________will
“fizz” when
in contact
acid
with ________

Using Your
Reference Table:
You will be able to
identify a mineral
using the properties
and characteristics

determines a
minerals
basic
properties
such as its

The internal

arrangement
of the
molecules

1. What
properties are
most important in
identifying a
mineral?

2. What property
causes a mineral
to break in a
particular
pattern?

Sedimentary

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