seer cancer incidence using machine learning with data analysis

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CANCER INCIDENCE RATES
ABSTRACT
Among various diseases, cancer has become a big threat to human
beings globally. As per Indian population census data, the rate of
mortality due to cancer in India was high and alarming with about
806000 existing cases by the end of the last century. Cancer is the
second most common disease in India responsible for maximum
mortality with about 0.3 million deaths per year. This is owing to the
poor availability of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
All types of cancers have been reported in Indian population
including the cancers of skin, lungs, breast, rectum, stomach, prostate,
liver, cervix, esophagus, bladder, blood, mouth etc. The causes of
such high incidence rates of these cancers may be both internal
(genetic, mutations, hormonal, poor immune conditions) and external
or environmental factors (food habits, industrialization, over growth
of population, social etc.). In view of these facts, the present article
describes the status of various types of cancers in India and its
comparison at global level. Besides, attempts have been made to
describe the main causes of cancer along with their preventive
measures. In addition to this, efforts have also been made to predict
the effect of increasing number of cancer patients on the Indian
economy.
INTRODUCTION
In spite of good advancements for diagnosis and treatment, cancer is
still a big threat to our society (Kotnis et al, 2005). This is the second

most common disease after cardiovascular disorders for maximum
deaths in the world (Jemal et al, 2007). It accounts for about 23 and
7% deaths in USA and India, respectively. The world’s population is
expected to be 7.5 billion by 2020 and approximations predict that
about 15.0 million new cancer cases will be diagnosed; with deaths of
about 12.0 million cancer patients (Brayand et al, 2006). The
prevalence of cancer in India is estimated to be around 2.5 million,
with about 8, 00,000 new cases and 5, 50,000 deaths per annum
(Nandakumar, 1990-96). According to 1991 Indian census data, about
609000 cancer cases have been observed. This number had drastically
increased to 806,000 by the end of the last century; with 96.4 and
88.2% age standardized rates for males and females; out of 100,000
cases analyzed (Rao et al, 1998). During last one decade, about 70%
cancer cases have been diagnosed and treated with survival of a few
patients (Dinshaw et al, 1999). It is believed that in near future the
number of cancer patients will increase in the developing and under
developed countries, which may rise up to 70%; a serious issue for all
of us. The magnitude of cancer problem in the Indian Sub-continent
(sheer numbers) is increasing due to poor to moderate living standards
(Wynder et al, 1974) and inadequate medical facilities. Most
frequently observed cancers in Indian population are of lungs, breast,
colon, rectum, stomach and liver (Nandakumar, 1990-96; Rao et al,
1998; Murthy et al, 2004). Nowadays, India is growing with a good
progress rate and probably will become a developed country within a

few decades resulting into its participation in the world development.
Therefore, it is important to study the status of cancers in India so that
advance measures may be taken to control this havoc in near future.
In view of these facts, attempts have been made to study the status of
cancers in India including its causes, preventive measures, effect on
Indian economy and comparison with global scenario.
MODULES
The methodology to reduce cancer is to study the status of cancers in
India so that advance measures may be taken to control.
Cancer scenario in India: Based on the increasing trends of cancer
patients during the last few decades, the numbers of cancer patients
have been predicted by the end of 2015 and 2020 in India. These
compiled data show that the number of male, female and the total
cancer patients in 2004 were 390809, 428545 and 819354
respectively. The number of male and female cancer patients
increased continuously up to 2009, with 454842, 507990 and 962832
cases for male, female and total cancer patients, respectively.
Similarly, 462408 male cancer patients and 517378 female cancer
patients were recorded, with a total number of 979786 patients in
2010. Thus, it is clear from this Figure that the number of cancer
cases has increased gradually with time. Moreover, a prediction of
cancer patients in 2015 and 2020, respectively, has also been made.

The different types of cancers observed in India are Lung cancer,
Breast cancer, Stomach cancer, Gall bladder cancer, Cervical cancer,
Oral cancer, Miscellaneous cancers.
Indian states and cancers: The most effected states of India due to
this cancer are Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi,
Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, West Bengal,
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tripura and Manipur. It is also clear from
this Figure that cervical cancer is the second most common form of
malignancy in female population of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Goa, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal while it stands at third
position in females of Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in the women of
Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Rajasthan, Nagaland and Goa, and the
second most common form of malignancy in females of Punjab,
Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Cancer causes in India: The cancer causes in India are almost same
as in other parts of the world. The chemical, biological and other
environmental identities are responsible for uncontrolled and
unorganized proliferation of cells (carcinogens). Basically, under
special circumstances carcinogens interact with DNA of the normal
cells resulting into a series of complex multistep processes
responsible for uncontrolled cell proliferation or tumors (Carmaeia,
1993). The causes for cancers can be both either internal factors like

inherited mutations, hormones, and immune conditions or
environmental factors such as tobacco, diet, radiation, and other
infectious agents. A significant variation of cancer has been reported
due to life styles and food habits (Helbock et al, 1998). For example,
Asians have 25 and 10 times lower incidences of prostate and breast
cancers, respectively, as compared to Western countries which may
be attributed to comparatively simple life styles adopted by Asians,
and safe sexual practices.
Preventive measures of cancer in India: As per the proverb,
“prevention is better than cure” the prevention strategies are crucial in
cancer eradication. This approach offers a great public health concern
and inexpensive long term method of cancer control. National Cancer
Control Programme (started in 1975- 1976 in India) led to the
development of Regional Cancer Centers (RCCs), a number of
oncology wings in Medical Colleges; supported the purchase of
teletherapy machines. District Cancer Control Programme was also
initiated but could not result into sustainable and productive activity
(National Cancer Control Programme). The education should focus on
harmful effects of tobacco and discourage its use.
Algorithms:
 Linear Regression
 Naïve Baye’s Algorithm

 K-NN Algorithm
 Support Vector Machines
EXISTING SYSTEM
During last one decade, about 70% cancer cases have been diagnosed
and treated with survival of a few patients (Dinshaw et al, 1999). It is
believed that in near future the number of cancer patients will increase
in the developing and under developed countries, which may rise up
to 70%; a serious issue for all of us. The magnitude of cancer problem
in the Indian Sub-continent (sheer numbers) is increasing due to poor
to moderate living standards (Wynder et al, 1974) and inadequate
medical facilities. Most frequently observed cancers in Indian
population are of lungs, breast, colon, rectum, stomach and liver.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
India is growing with a good progress rate and probably will become
a developed country within a few decades resulting into its
participation in the world development. Therefore, it is important to
study the status of cancers in India so that advance measures may be
taken to control this havoc in near future. In view of these facts,
attempts have been made to study the status of cancers in India
including its causes, preventive measures, effect on Indian economy
and comparison with global scenario.

In view of these facts, the present article describes the status of
various types of cancers in India and its comparison at global level.
Besides, attempts have been made to describe the main causes of
cancer along with their preventive measures. In addition to this,
efforts have also been made to predict the effect of increasing number
of cancer patients on the Indian economy.
 readFIPS.py: script to ensure that proper Census Tract codes are
attached to each record in the table. In this case, the air emissions
data was supplied with latitude and longitude coordinates for
each facility. We used the FCC API to return the U.S. Census
Bureau Census Block number (i.e. the 15 character FIPS Code)
given the passed latitude and longitude for each facility.
 airEmissions.py: script for processing and cleaning.
 main.py file: to incorporate within the model and perform the
linear regression perform using the ordinary least squares (OLS)
method as provided by the statsmodel library found within the
SciPy python package. We find that our cross-sectional air
emissions data is heteroscedastic and therefore we run our OLS
model using heteroscedastic standard errors by calling the HC0
method within statsmodel.
 Found within the SciPy python package. We find that our cross-
sectional air emissions data is heteroscedastic and therefore we

run our OLS model using heteroscedastic standard errors by
calling the HC0 method within statsmodel.
CONCLUSION
A careful reading of the above discussion in this article clearly
indicates an increased number of cancer patients every year in India.
Various factors responsible for cancer genesis have been discussed,
which need to be controlled for their eradication. India is a growing
country playing a crucial role in the development of the whole world,
and, hence, needs special attention on this issue. We should create
awareness among public about the cancer havoc and its prevention.
The different programs should be started by Government and NGOs
for creating awareness among Indian public. The diet and living style
are important factors to control the spreading of cancers and, hence,
Indians should be careful about these facts. Briefly, cancer is
disturbing the growing economy of the country, which can be saved
by proper handling of this disease. In view of these facts, it is very
important to eradicate this havoc. Let us hope for the best future of
this country, which is playing an essential role in the development of
the whole world.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Abegunde D, Mathers C, Adam T, Ortegon M, Strong K (2007)
The burden and costs of chronic diseases in lowincome and
middle-income countries. The Lancet 370,1929-38.
2. Alabaster O (1972) Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology risks and
prevention. JP Lippincott, Philadelphia.
3. Ali I, Rahis-ud-din, Saleem k, Aboul-Enein HY, Rather MA
(2011) Social Aspects of Cancer Genesis. Cancer Therapy 8, 6-
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seer cancer incidence using machine learning with data analysis

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seer cancer incidence using machine learning with data analysis