General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade and the World Trade Organization

Learning Resources – Information Research
General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade
World Trade Organization
Learning Resources
Regent’s University London

Online Research Induction
Segment Three – WTO / GATT
Cluster
Bretton Woods Institutions
Segment 1: International Monetary Fund
Segment 2: World Bank
Segment 3: General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Segment 4: Alternative / Critical Research on the Bretton
Woods Institutions

Segment Two – World Bank
Online Research Induction for Students of
• International Management
• International Political Economy
• International Business
• International Relations

• providing information about statistics, reports, working
papers, publications provided by the World Bank
• enable students to find supportive arguments for
essays, assignments and discussions
• delivering main-stream information and alternative
views
The topic will be

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
World Trade Organisation (WTO)
 About WTO (www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/thewto_e.htm)
 WTO membership
(www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm)
 WTO and you (http://www.wto.org/english/forums_e/forums_e.htm)
 WTO forum
 “Ideas for Development” blog
 Public Events
 Trade topics (www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tratop_e.htm)
• Goods
• Services
• Intellectual Property
• Other Topics
(http://www.wto.org/)

[http://www.wto.org/english/forums_e/forums_e.htm]
WTO forum for online
discussions, series of
webcast debates and live
chat events
Blog to debate
about
development
issues
Content is
actually free
to look at
online
To receive up-to-
date updates
by and about
the WTO, sign
up here

Resources available
specifically for Journalists,
NGOs, Parliamentarians
and STUDENTS
Annual event to provide
platform to discuss latest
developments in world
trade and to propose
ways of enhancing the
multilateral trading
system
What’s new

Trade topics – Goods
*
food safety,
animal and
plant
health
and safety)
Goods
agriculture & agric.
neg.
IT products schedule of
concessions on goods
anti-dumping & rules
negotiation
market access for
goods & related neg.
state trading
enterprises
Balance of Payment
(BoP)
pre-shipment
inspections
subsidies &
countervailing
measures & rules neg.
customs valuation Rules of Origins tech. barriers to trade
GATT and the goods
safeguard (contingency
textiles trade
council
trade barriers)
facilitations
import licensing sanitary and
phytosanitary
measures*
Closely
connected to
subsidies
andtrademar
k protection
Deals with
the problem
of dumping
and state
subsidies vs
free market
Deals with
PROTECTIONISM
Highly controversial.
One example:
Israel / Palestinian
Territory

Trade topics – Services – Services Gateway Page
(www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/serv_e.htm)
 introduction to services trade and the General Agreement on
Trade in Services (GATS )
 the mandate
 work in the WTO
 disputes
 data on Services Trade
 contact and enquiry points

Trade topics – Services – Services Negotiations
Major Area of Service Neg.
market access background & state of play
domestic regulation negotiations process
GATS rules on emergency safeguard
measures, government procurement
and subsidies
Proposals for the negotiations
Implem. of LDC modalities (i.e. special
treatment for least-developed countries
under GATS Article IV.3).
Special Sessions
how to open up
markets and
perform market
transitions
Helpful for searching and
retrieving information
about development issues

Information about the
negotiation process

Major areas of
negotiations in
regards to
services
Two-track
negotiation
process of the
Doha-Round

Proposals for
negotiations
‘Special Session’
Meetings
Search facilities
for meetings
and documents

Interlectual Trade topics
Intellectual Property
Gateway Page
Article 27.3 (b) – protection
for plants and animals, traditional
knowledge and biodiversity
TRIPS and Public Health &
dedicated webpage for notification
Non-violation complaints (Art.
64.2)
Technology Transfer
(http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/techtr
ansfer_e.htm)
• Technology Transfer
• Least developed Countries’
Priority Needs
TRIPS: Trade-
Related Aspects of
Intellectual
Property Rights

Trade topics – Other Topics
 accession
 building trade capacity
 aid for trade
 technical assistance and training
 integrated framework
 standards and trade development
 civil aircraft
 compensation policy
Very interesting aspect in
Development Theory and
transition from state-run to
market-run economy (see
‘Washington Consensus’ as well)

Trade topics – Other Topics
 development
 electronic commerce / Environment
 government Procurement
 investment and Trade
Regional Trade Agreements and negotiations on RTAs
 trade policy review

Building trade capacity
(www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/devel_e/build_tr_capa_e.htm)
 central focus: improved integration into and better
participation within the international trading system of
developing countries

Building trade capacity
(www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/devel_e/build_tr_capa_e.htm)
 main part of “technical assistance” spending is
dedicated towards
 improved understand complex WTO rules and disciplines
 Improved implementation of WTO agreements to bolster their
trading regimes
 more effective negotiation skills with their trading partners
 broader and more effective dissemination of knowledge has
facilitated the participation of developing country trade officials in
the Doha round and in other WTO activities.

Dispute settlement
(www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_e.htm)
 This page is a gateway to material on:
 Disputes in general, and how they are handled in the WTO and its
Dispute Settlement Body (DSB)
 Negotiations on the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU)
 Individual dispute cases

Trade negotiations (Doha Round)
(www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dda_e/dda_e.htm)
 aim is to achieve major reform of the international trading system through
the introduction of
 lower trade barriers
 revised trade rules
 fundamental objective is to improve the trading prospects of developing
countries.
 Doha Ministerial Declaration provided the mandate for the negotiations,
including
 agriculture
 services
 intellectual property topic

Trade negotiations (Doha Round) (cont.)
 Doha Round in brief
 How the negotiations are organised
 Doha Round ministerial declaration
 Implementation decision
 Development
Implementation and monitoring
(www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/monitor_e/monitor_e.htm)

Key Word:
‘Washington Consensus’
Key Word:
‘Hegemonic Stability Theory’
Further Recommendation
(authors):
John Williamson
Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
Joseph Stieglitz
George Soros
Erik Reinert
Naomi Klein
Noam Chomsky
Further Recommendation
(authors):
Charles Kindelberger
Robert Keohane
George Modelski
Robert Gilpin
Stephen Krasner
Susan Strange
Duncan Snidal

For further information
Please contact in the Library
Sven Griesenbeck
higgens@regents.ac.uk

General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade and the World Trade Organization

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