Seismic Performance and Shear Wall Location Assessment of a RC Building- Evaluating Between Plain and Sloping Grounds

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 518
Seismic performance and shear wall Location assessment of a RC
building- Evaluating between plain and sloping grounds
Guruputrayya V Patil1, Asst.Prof Vinayak Vijayapur
1P.G.Student,Department of Civil Engineering,Government College of Engineering,Haveri.
2Assistant Professor, Government College of Engineering,Haveri.
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Abstract - Since two decades the principles of Structural
design has not changed, now limit state methodisturning into
conventional it is no more accounted as modern design
principle. Based on the conventional Standards Designs of RC
and steel both, the method we here been following involves is
based on elastic design principles of elastic design which is
conventional and this is followed since many years. Beyond the
elastic design there is also a modern and futuristic method
which involves the design beyond the material inelastic range
and is known as ‘Performance based design’. Aperformance
based design is an choice of the design based on extent of
damage of the structure caused due to seismic forces,before it
is subjected to or if the structure is seismically deficit proper
response parameter has to be estimated.The objective study is
to evaluate state of art of the Seismic performance of a
Moment Resisting Reinforced concrete structure. The
evaluation is majorly between the structure supported on
plane and sloping terrain. Where the further study involves,
deciding the possible methods adopted for improving the
lateral resistance of the building by shear walls with various
and best suitable positions within the respective structural
frames. This analysis is carried out using non-linear static
pushover analysis method using SAP 2000, the results of
pushover is checked for its yeilding behavior of the sturctural
elements against the same lateral displacement and force
which was computed from the elastic design and checking its
seismic performance for both the cases mentioned above.The
comparison of various resultsobtainedfrompushoveranalysis
such as base shear,storey displacement,storey drift and storey
shear is done on G+10 building.In order toensurethatwehave
a validated results, the structure is checked for various
methods of seismic anaysis like static, Dynamic and nonlinear
dynamic analysis, which is necessary for concluding remarks
for the comparision study.
Key Words: Storey Drift, displacement, non linear
dynamic analysis, performance based, Pushover.
1. INTRODUCTION
Earthquake is a natural phenomenon which is most
uncertain and is most disastrous to human kind of all
characteristic adverse effects and causes movementof earth
soil due to arrival of extensive strain vitality at the fault and
this strain energy travels as seismic wavesineverydirection
of the earth crust. These waves may occur at any immediate
time and has different wave amplitudes and also has
different energy levels. Sometimes the sharpness of the
ground shaking at this event of earthquake may be major,
moderate, or minor effect. The intensity of the earthquake
may be measured by extent which will be acquired bytaking
the information of ground movements in seismograph. Be
that as it may, unsettling influence of the ground will have
distinctive, extraordinary at various areas of the same
greatness. It can valued on (Modified Mercalie Intensity)
MMI scale. Globally, natural forces or natural disasters,
earthquake have capacity to make greatest disaster or
damage. Seismic waves are arbitrary in nature and are not
predictable in nature, different engineering tool orstructure
to be the structure under the action on seismic forces.
Seismic forces delicately modeled so that to determine the
actual behavior of the building with getting the idea of
failure and it should be managed. Due to Improper
Availability of flat land in hilly areas ,most of the buildings
have to be constructed on sloping grounds with the regular
or irregular configuration of building. Due to increase in
population as well residential demand is also increasingday
by day. Because of this reason scarcity of plain grounds is
also there, and also some of the cities are also situated in
sloping grounds because lack of plain grounds. In India, the
northern part is covered with most of the hilly areas and
most of the tourist places are available. So that many hotels
and many other buildings are constructed on sloping
grounds.
1.1 SHEAR WALL
The RCC structural walls is one of the lateral force resisting
system element in RC building because by providing these
element the building will be stiffer and it can resist the
earthquake force and lateral displacement. The RC shear
walls are connected to the floor slab so that it can act as
diaphragms resisting aerial force. Shear walls can also be
used as retrofitting of the constructed building.Itisnowfact
that established, the stiffer buildings attract more forces,
hence the stiffer building should attract, dissipate or absorb
more seismic energy. Practically such RC structures can
sustain for short duration earthquakes very efficiently.
1.2 Performance Based Design
Performance based earthquake engineering is new
techniques used in the earthquake resistant structure. It is
limited state design which covers the entire range of these
problems faced by engineers. This technique used to predict
the performance of building under seismic actions. The two

main elements which are considered in performance based
design is demand & capacity capacity represents that the
resistance offered by the building due to seismic demand
represents the ground motion during earthquake. Whenthe
seismic forces are generated and acted upon the building
which is the demand & the considerable amount of
resistance should be given by the structure so that at least
the occupants can & scape from the building. One when the
demand & capacity is defined performance check is done so
as to check the defined cross sections non- structural &
structural components deteroited within the safer limit.
2. Pushover Analysis
The analysis of pushover is a non-linear procedure for static
structure in which the loads which are applied sideways
magnitude intensities in increased incrementally carry on
the loading arrangements in predefined in addition to the
building height. Failure modes & the links which are weak
are identified in the structure. The Pushover analysis which
is the non-linear stile analysis & solved by using software's
such as ETABS, SAP-2000, ADINA ,SC-Push 3D Fig 1.3 shows
the curve (i.e.) Base shear Vs displacement which we canget
in above software’s Missioned these software analysis the
structure using iterative procedure & is difficult to solve
manually & works on finite elements program with complex
geometry & checks for deformation of tinges to determine
ultimate deformation.
Fig -1: Pushover Analysis
1.3 LITRATURE REVIEW
“Birajdar and Nalawade, (2004), [1], paper entitled
‘’Seismic analysis of buildingrestingonslopingground’’,
Studied the earthquake performance of a complex sructure
or on sloping ground. In this literature, the structure was
analyzed for 24 storey building (ie) RC structure frame with
3-different modification of structure as step back building
set back building and set back building. There 3-
configuration of the social system is positionedona gradient
of 27 stages with the horizontal ground surface. With this
building configuration and the building is located in zone III
and is analyzed using response spectrum method to arrive
out the performance of the structure for seismic force they
also carried 3D analysis for the analysis of torsional effect of
the building, for analysis it was established that increase in
the top story of building the displacement and the time
period was increased and also in this literature they found
that the column has maximum shear for at external left was
greater then the in comparison to the other column. Thus
they gave conclusion that the acute left column in building
whichever is short and is more affectionate for earthquake
force than any other column they concluded that theuneven
distribution of shear force leads to torsional moment.
Nagargoje and sable,(2012), [2], paper entitled, ‘‘Seismic
Performance of Multi-Storeyed building on Sloping
ground’’, In this journal that analysis is done arranged the
structure to find out and realizationofa structureonsloping
ground, using the method of Dynamic analysis in the form of
highest floor movement & base shear. These study of
different cases was taken out on 36 structures with three
different types of configurations with set back step back and
set back in zone III. In this literature the contrastivestudy of
storey displacement between step back structure is more
when compared to step back set back and set back building
and also found base shear was excess in step back ,set back
building in the range 60-260% and concluded that stepback
set back building was more commending for hill slopes.
Singh et all ,(2012),[3], ‘‘Seismic Behavior of building
located on Slopes-An analytical study ad some
observations from Sikkim Earthquake ofSeptember 18-
2011’’,An analytical case study was taken out on buildings
which is positioned on slope 45 degree has of 7 bays on
slope and three bays across the hill slopes. The building is
in the zone IV and analyzed with time history analysis
method. The footings were provided at two different levels
on ground. To analyze and compare the different
configuration models of the building is analyzed for five set
of earthquake motions in whichtheyhavetakenintoaccount
from strong earthquake motion database of pacific
earthquake engineering research Centre. After analyzing
they found that the storey shear was resisted by short
column. The torsional effect was also seen and is
characterized by on average storey drift. They achieved that
the step back building are susceptible to torsional affect
under hill slope for earthquake excitation. They alsocameto
conclusion that inter storey drift in top 3 storey of hill slope
structure are very close to those in the 3 storey normal
configuration building.
Prashant D and Jagadish.Kori.G, (2013) ,[4], ‘‘Seismic
Response of One way Slope RC frame building with Soft
storey’’, in this journal they considered the model of 10
storey building with 27 slopinggroundandaswell 5baysin
each direction that is X and Y direction. In this paper they
also made consideration of infill that is with infill and
without infill that is bare frame structure and studied about
the displacement, base shear, time period etc. Consideration
of building in seismic zone III with SMRF, they concluded
that the time period of without infill model is 1.975 sec and
is 96% - 135% more than the infill model. They also
observed the variation of displacement in the model like

infill and without infill was found to be more in bare frame
compared infill model, which clearly shows the influence of
brick infill. They also considered the base shear which was
almost 250% more comparison with model withoutinfill.As
even they concluded lastly with formation of plastic hinges
and it was shown that more number of hinges were formed
in without infill model. This clearly determines the stiffness
in a building.
Rayyan-Ul Hassan and H.S.Vidyadhara ,(2013),[6]
‘‘Seismic Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Multi Bay
Multi Storyed 3D - RC Frame’’, In this literature they
wanted to study the multi-storey bay RC frame with model
configuration of 12 storey building with 4 bays in each
direction which is located on sloping ground 1:1/3. Here in
this literature they also considered the building with infill
walls in upper storey including shear wall at corner of the
structure and is seismic zone V. they used the method such
as pushover ,static analysis and response spectrum and
found the values of displacement ,base shear and reviewed
the paper. They found in displacement result that there was
reduction in that in the model of infill shear wall which was
combination and compared with bare frame, which clearly
tells us that the infill with shear wall contribute to the
stiffness and there will be reduction in displacement. From
response spectrum analysisitwasconcludedthattheyfound
50.95% and 73.97% for infill and bare frame respectively.
As per the standards of code the displacement is permitted
or lateral drift should be 0.004 times the height of building
overall and in this study they found that the drift was more
in bare frame when compared by infill and sloping ground.
The overall conclusion of this journal is that bare frame will
have more displacement and stiffness also, but analyzed
from infill and sloping ground it was reduced, it clearly
determines that shear wall and infill contributes for overall
stiffness of the building.
Jitender Babu et al,(2012),[7] ‘‘Pushover Analysis of
Existing 3 Stories RC Flat slab Building’’ In this literature
the author considered the plan symmetry and asymmetry
with different bay sizes and carried out pushover analysis
for the performance analysis on sloping ground with 4
storey and 30 degree sloping. After analyzing the author
found that the short column lies in vulnerable area that is
beyond the collapse prevention. They considered the values
of displacement and base shear. For asymmetry building
displacement was 104x10-3 m and base shear was 2.7x103
kN.
1.4 DETAILED DISCRIPTION OF BUILDING FOR
ANALYSIS
Figure 2- Model-1
Figure 3- Model-2

Figure 4- Model-3
Figure 5- Model-4
Figure 6- Model-5
Figure 7- Model-6
1.5 ANALYSIS RESULTS
1.5.1. COMPARISON OF STORY DISPLACEMENT
TABLE-1
TABLE-2
TABLE-3
TABLE-4

Figure 8
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
1.5.2. COMPARISON OF BASE SHEAR
TABLE-5
Fig-10
Fig-11

1.5.3 COMPARISON OF TIME PERIOD AND NATURAL
FREQUENCY
TABLE-6
TABLE-7
TABLE-8
TABLE-9
TABLE-10
TABLE-11
1.5.4 PERFORMANCE POINT-PUSHOVER RESULT
Performance point of the structure can be found by
overlapping the capacity curve and demand curve the point
where the intersection of both the curves take that point is
called as performance point.”

1.5.5 CONCLUSION
1. Base shear vs displacement results shows that the
roof displacement is more in for the buildings on
sloping ground which shows that buildings on
sloping ground is more vulnerable for seismic
forces compared to the building on plain grounds.
2. By introducing the shearwall in the building, which
has drastically influenced the structure’s nature
resisting against lateral forces which can be
witnessed in the reduced strorey Drifts, Hence
shearwall significantly increases the lateral
stability.
3. Under three different cases of shearwall at center,
center apart and corner, the study has suggested
the shearwall at the corners can resist lateral forces
well and is better compared to the shearwalls at
center apart and shearwall at center apart is better
than the shearwall at centre.
4. Looking into the storey shear vs displacement the
shear wall at the corner has least storey
displacement at top compared with center apart
and center apart is least compared to shear wall at
center.
5. Twisting moment is more towards the shorter
column than the longer columns at the sloping side.
6. Torsional moment is more at the other direction
compared to sloping side. There is a substantial
decrease in bending moment andshearforcesin the
columns at the base, when shear wall is introduced
compared to building without shear wall.
7. Building on the sloping ground tends to be more
vulnerable for seismic forces which can be seen in
the performance check. The hinge formation at the
base towards the column at the shorter direction is
more, this is because the geometry of the building
where we can see increased torsional moment
nearer to the shorter columns
8. Natural period vs frequency of the building is least
for the model no 6 whereas the shearwall is
positioned at the corner, hence suggestingustothis
location could be preferable for resisting lateral
loads more efficiently than any other location.
9. As per the nonlinear results, the hinges formed in
the sloping ground is more compared to the plain
ones. Most of the hinges is between the “range of LS-
CP and someof the elements in the range beyond CP
which indicates the failure in the plastic range.
Retrofitting is possible solution for reducing the
seismic vulnerability for the buildings on sloping
grounds.”
REFERENCES
1. Birajdar.B.G,”Seismic analysis of buildings resting
on sloping ground”, 13thWorld Conference on
Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada,
Paper No. 1472, 2004.
2. S.M.Nagargoje and K.S.Sable," Seismic performance
of multi-storeyed building on sloping ground",
Elixir International Journal, 7 December 2012.
3. Y. Singh and Phani Gade “Seismic Behavior of
Buildings Located on Slopes” - An Analytical Study
and Some Observations From Sikkim Earthquake
of September 18, 2011. 15th World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering Journal 2012.
4. Prashant D, Dr. Jagadish Kori G “ Seismic Response
of one way slope RC frame building with soft
storey” International Journal of Emerging Trends
in Engineering and Development Issue 3, Vol.5
(September 2013).
5. Mohammed Umar Farooque Patel et al “A
Performance study and seismic evaluation of RC
frame buildings on slopingground”IOSRJournal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-
ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X-, PP 51-
58,2014.
6. Rayyan-Ul-Hasan Siddiqui and , H. S. Vidyadhara
“Seismic Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Multi
Bay Multi Storeyed 3D - RC Frame” International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October–
2013.
7. N. Jitendra Babu, K.Y.G.D Balaji “pushover analysis
of unsymmetrical framed structures on sloping
ground” International Journal of Civil, Structural,
Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering
Research and Development (IJCSEIERD) ISSN
2249-6866 Vol. 2 Issue 4 Dec - 2012 45-54.
8. Ravikumar C M, Babu Narayan K S “Effect of
Irregular Configurations on Seismic Vulnerability
of RC Buildings” Architecture Research
2012,2(3):20-26DOI:10.5923/j.arch.20120203.01.
9. Dr. S. A. Halkude et al “Seismic Analysis of Buildings
Resting on Sloping Ground With Varying Number
of Bays and Hill Slopes” International Journal of
Engineering
10.IS: 1893 (I)-2002.“Criteria forEarthquakeResistant
Design of Structures” BIS, New Delhi.

Seismic Performance and Shear Wall Location Assessment of a RC Building- Evaluating Between Plain and Sloping Grounds

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