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Selenium Interview Questions & Answers
 Explain the different exceptions in Selenium WebDriver?
 What is exception test in Selenium?1
TimeoutException Thrown when command does not complete in enough time
NoSuchElementException Thrown when Element with given attribute is not found
ElementNotVisibleException Thrown when Element is present in DOM but not visible
StaleElementException Thrown when Element is deleted or is no longer attached to DOM
Exception Test @Test(expectedException = NoSuchElementException.class)

 Have you used Excel Sheet in your project?2
Excel Sheet is used as Data Source for tests and also contains Data Set for DataDriven Testing
Data Source
- Application URL for all environments
- User name and Passwords for different environments
- Test Cases to be executed
Data Driven Test
- Data for different iterations

 How can you redirect browsing from a browser through some
proxy?3
Selenium provides PROXY class to redirect browsing from a proxy

 What is POM (Page Object Model)?
 What are it’s advantages?4
• Page Object Model is a design pattern to create Object Repository for web UI elements.
• Each web page in the application should have corresponding page class.
• Page class will find the WebElements of that web page and also contains Page methods which perform operations
on those WebElements.
Advantages:-
• Keep operations and flows in UI separate from Verification – clean &easy to understand code
• Object Repository independent of Test Cases – multiple tests use same Object Repository
• Reusability of code

 What is Page Factory?5
• Page Factory is an inbuilt Page Object Model concept for Selenium WebDriver which is very optimized
• Separation of Page Object Repository and Test Methods
• Page Factory Class provides @FindBy annotation to find WebElements
• @FindBy can accept tagName, partialLinkText, name, linkText, id, css, className & xpath as attributes

 What are the different types of WAIT statements in Selenium
WebDriver?
 How do you achieve synchronization in WebDriver?
6
Implicit Wait
• Instructs the web driver to wait for some time by polling the DOM.
• Once you have declared implicit wait it will be available for the entire life of web driver instance. By default ,the
value will be 0. If you set a longer default, then the behavior will poll the DOM on a periodic basis depending on
the browser/driver implementation.
Explicit Wait - Instructs the execution to wait for some time until some condition is achieved.
Conditions:
- elementToBeClickable
- elementToBeSelected
- presenceOfElementLocated

 Write a code to wait for a particular element to be visible on a page.
 Write a code to wait for an alert to appear.7
WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
Element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.xpath( “<xpath”)));
WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
Element = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent();

 What is the use of JavaScript Executor?8
JavaScriptExecutor is an interface which provides mechanism to execute Javascript through selenium driver. It
provides “executescript” & "executeAsyncScript" methods, to run JavaScript in the context of the currently selected
frame or window
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript(Script,Arguments);

 How to scroll down a page using JavaScript in Selenium?
 How to scroll down to a particular element?9
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,500)");
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", element);

 How to handle keyboard and mouse actions using Selenium?10
• Handling special keyboard and mouse events are done using the Advanced User Interactions API.
• It contains the Actions and the Action Classes that are needed for executing these events.
• Commonly used keyboard and mouse events provided by the Actions class.
Method Description
clickAndHold() Clicks (without releasing) at the current mouse location.
dragAndDrop() Performs click-and-hold at the location of the source element, moves
source, target() to the location of the target element, then releases the mouse.

 How to send ALT/SHIFT/CONTROL key in Selenium WebDriver?
Method: keyDown(modifier_key)
Parameters: Modifier_key (keys.ALT or Keys.SHIFT or Keys.CONTROL)
Purpose: Performs a modifier key press, doesn't release the modifier key. Subsequent interactions may assume it's kept
pressed
Method: keyUp(modifier_key)
Parameters: Modifier_key (keys.ALT or Keys.SHIFT or Keys.CONTROL)
Purpose: Performs a key release.
11

 How to send ALT/SHIFT/CONTROL key in Selenium WebDriver?11

 How to take screenshots in Selenium WebDriver?12

 How to set the size of browser window using Selenium?13
driver.manage().window().maximize(); - To maximize the window
System.out.println(driver.manage().window().getSize());
Dimension d = new Dimension(420,600);
driver.manage().window().setSize(d); - To resize the current window to the given dimension
((IJavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("window.resizeTo(1024, 768);"); - To set window to a particular size

 How to handle a dropdown in Selenium WebDriver?
 How to select a value from dropdown?14
<select id="mySelect">
<option value="option1">France</option>
<option value="option2">Italy</option>
<option value="option3">Spain</option>
</select>
WebElement mySelectElement = driver.findElement(By.id("mySelect"));
Select dropdown= new Select(mySelectElement);
OR
Select dropdown = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("mySelect")));
1. dropdown.selectByVisibleText("Italy");
2. dropdown.selectByIndex(2);
3. dropdown.selectByValue(“option3”)

 How to switch to a new window (new tab) which opens up after you
click on a link?15
driver.switchTo().window(<windowName>);
driver.switchTo().frame(<iframeName>);
driver.switchTo().alert();
If window name is not available
String handle= driver.getWindowHandle();
for (String handle : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
driver.switchTo().window(handle);}

 How can you fetch an attribute from an element?
 How to retrieve typed text from a textbox?16
WebElement eLogin = driver.findElement(By.name(“Login”);
String LoginClassName = eLogin.getAttribute("classname");
WebElement eLogin = driver.findElement(By.name(“Login”);
String LoginText = Login.GetText ();

 How do you upload a file using Selenium WebDriver?17
<input type="file" name="uploaded_file" size="50" class="pole_plik">
element = driver.find_element_by_id(”uploaded_file")
element.send_keys("C:myfile.txt")

 Can we enter text without using sendKeys()?18
Yes, text can be entered by using JavascriptExecutor.
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
jse.executeScript("document.getElementById(‘Login').value=‘Test text without sendkeys");

 Explain how you will login into any site if it is showing any
authentication popup for password and username?19
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
Alert alert = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.alertIsPresent());
alert.authenticateUsing(new UserAndPassword(**username**, **password**));

 Explain how you can find broken links in a page using Selenium
WebDriver?20
• Hyperlinks have anchor tags <a>
• Get value of ‘href’ for all anchor tags on page from page source
• Send a http request to each href
• Analyze response to be equal to 200 - OK

 Which technique should you consider using throughout the script
“if there is neither frame id nor frame name”?21
If neither id nor name is present for frame, then select frame by Index.
Example:-
Select a frame by its (zero-based) index. That is, if a page has three frames, the first frame would be at index "0", the
second at index "1" and the third at index "2". Once the frame has been selected, all subsequent calls on the
WebDriver interface are made to that frame.
driver.switchTo().frame(int arg0);

 What is the significance of testng.xml?22
A test suite is a collection of test cases.
In TestNG, we cannot define a suite in testing source code, but it is represented by one XML file, as suite is the feature of
execution. It also allows flexible configuration of the tests to be run.
A suite can contain one or more tests and is defined by the <suite> tag.
- Allows execution of multiple test cases from multiple classes
- Allows parallel execution
- Allows execution of test cases in groups where a single test can belong to multiple groups

 What is parameterization in TestNG?
 How to pass parameters using testng.xml?23
TestNG allows to define to parameters in the testng.xml file and then reference those parameters in Test Cases.
public class ParameterizedTest1{
@Test
@Parameters("myName")
public void parameterTest(String myName) {
System.out.println("Parameterized value is : " + myName);
}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >
<suite name=”CustomSuite">
<test name=”CustomTest”>
<parameter name="myName" value=”John"/>
<classes>
<class name="ParameterizedTest1" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
 What is parameterization in TestNG?
 How to pass parameters using testng.xml?23

 Explain data providers in TestNG using an example. Can I call a
single data provider method for multiple functions and classes?24
- DataProviders are used to pass complex parameters or parameters that need to be created from Java (complex
objects, objects read from a property file or a database, etc…)
- @DataProvider marks a method as supplying data for a test method. The annotated method must return an
Object[] where each Object[] can be assigned to parameter list of the test method.
- @Test method that wants to receive data from this DataProvider needs to use a DataProvider name equals to the
name of this annotation.
Yes same DataProvidor can be used in multiple functions and classes by declaring data provider in separate class and
reusing it in multiple classes

 How to skip a method or a code block in TestNG?25
TestNG provides paramter to @Test annotation to enable or disable a test
@Test(enabled = false)
@Test(enabled = true)
Default value is true

 What is soft assertion in Selenium?
 How can you mark a test case as failed by using soft assertion?26
- Soft Assertions are customized error handler provided by TestNG
- Soft Assertions do not through exceptions when assertion fails and continue with next test step
- Used for multiple assertions
To mark a test as failed with soft assertions call assertAll() method at the end of the test

 How does TestNG allow you to state dependencies?27
Dependency is a feature in TestNG that allows a test method to depend on a single or a group of test
methods.
Method dependency only works if the “depend-on-method” is part of the same class or any of the inherited
base class (i.e. while extending a class).
@Test(dependsOnMethods = { "initEnvironmentTest" })

 Explain it with an example.28

 Explain what is Group Test in TestNG?29

 What are different types of frameworks?
 Which files can be used as data source for different frameworks?30
- Data Driven Framework
- Keyword Driven Framework
- Hybrid Framework
Dataset can be provided using excel, xml, text, csv, etc type of file
Framework Example

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