Semantic
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The document discusses how computers currently lack the ability to understand and process information in the way that humans can. It introduces the concept of the Semantic Web, which was coined by Tim Berners-Lee as "a web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines" to allow computers to more intelligently access and combine information from the web to perform tasks on behalf of users. The Semantic Web aims to evolve the current web by enabling users to more easily find, share, and combine information through the use of semantics, relationships between data, and ontologies to provide precise definitions that allow computers to reason about information.
Semantic
- 1. Having computers understand things more like human beings do
- 2. The current Web represents information using -natural language (English,Hungarian,Chinese). -graphics,multimedia, page layout. Humans can process this easily - can deduce facts from partial information. - can create mental association. - are used to various sensory information.
- 3. Tasks often require to combine data on the Web. - Hotel and Travel information may come from different websites. - searches in different digital libraries. Humans can combine these information easily. - even if different terminologies are used. However , machines are ignorant. - partial information is unusable. - difficult to make sense from, e.g ,an image. - difficult to combine information automatically.
- 4. Semantic Web - coined by Tim Berners-Lee inventor of WWW, URI, HTTP, HTML and Semantic Web. “ a web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines . “ to access the Web more intelligently and perform tasks on behalf of users . evolution of the current Web by enabling users to find, share, and combine information more easily .
- 5. Why not just google ? Currently, users search for data on the Web by asking questions that are of the form : “which documents contain these words and phrases ” The Semantic Web will involve more related questions , relationships, and trust . Instead of word matching the web will be able to show related items showing new relationships.
- 7. Web of Data
- 8. Architecture of Semantic Web
- 9. RDF (Resource Desciption Framework) RDF is the foundation of the semantic web . RDF = a simple conceptual data model (GRAPH). RDF model = set of RDF triples . (subject, verb, object). A Sentence Jane sells books. subject predicate object
- 10. RDF - Resource Resource is anything that has identity (URI). -Jane, Book. (a govt agency, a human , an abstract concept) RDF – Description several statements describing the resource. RDF – Framework It is needed to enable humans and machines to make and understand statements . - Natural languages like English.
- 11. Human brain uses logic Mary is a mother. A mother is a parent. Therefore, Mary must be a parent. ONTOLOGY Precise explanation of terms and reasoning in a subject area. - Computers can act as if they understand the information they are handling. The facts stored in the semantic web will change over time as the true state of world changes.