Semantics relationships

semantics relationshipssemantics relationships
Universidad La Gran ColombiaUniversidad La Gran Colombia
By:By:
Cuesta Camacho Cristian CamiloCuesta Camacho Cristian Camilo
SemanticsSemantics
Group: 48Group: 48
Teacher : Elizabeth RojasTeacher : Elizabeth Rojas

What is ????What is ????
 Is a relation between the meaning of words, sentenceIs a relation between the meaning of words, sentence
and phrases depending of formation of words existentsand phrases depending of formation of words existents
into of the linguisticsinto of the linguistics
 The following semantics relationshis are:The following semantics relationshis are:
 SynomnymySynomnymy
 AntonymyAntonymy
 HonomnymyHonomnymy
 HyponymyHyponymy
 PolysemyPolysemy
 MetonymyMetonymy

synonymysynonymy
 Is a relation that exist between two words ,Is a relation that exist between two words ,
explain the word origin searching other wordsexplain the word origin searching other words
that have the same meaning called toothat have the same meaning called too
synomnymssynomnyms
 For example:For example:
 Auto – carAuto – car
 Exit – leaveExit – leave
 Funny – sillyFunny – silly
 Listen -hearListen -hear

ANTONYMYANTONYMY
 Explain the sense opposite of the word, but is called too antonymsExplain the sense opposite of the word, but is called too antonyms
 Beautiful – uglyBeautiful – ugly
 Full – emptyFull – empty
 Fat – thinFat – thin
 Black - whiteBlack - white
 Boy- manBoy- man
 A. Complementary antonyms: Is the complement of the words that don’tA. Complementary antonyms: Is the complement of the words that don’t
have another wordhave another word
 Example:Example:
 Limited – unlimitedLimited – unlimited
 Happy- unhappyHappy- unhappy
 Correct- incorrectCorrect- incorrect
 comfortable-uncomfortablecomfortable-uncomfortable

 B. Relational antonyms: Existents of one terms implicate in presence of theB. Relational antonyms: Existents of one terms implicate in presence of the
other property semantic property in the other menberother property semantic property in the other menber
 Example: up/down , yes/no , empty/fullExample: up/down , yes/no , empty/full

HOMONYMYHOMONYMY
Is the relation between two words whatIs the relation between two words what
explain belong of the ssame meaningexplain belong of the ssame meaning
grammatical category having differentgrammatical category having different
meaning and originsmeaning and origins
Examples:Examples:
Polo (geography)- polo (electric patron)Polo (geography)- polo (electric patron)
Lima (city)- lima (fruit)Lima (city)- lima (fruit)

HYpONYMYHYpONYMY
Or INCLUSION, is the relation betweenOr INCLUSION, is the relation between
two words , explain the meaning of thetwo words , explain the meaning of the
word that incude or complement theword that incude or complement the
meaning the another word too calledmeaning the another word too called
hyponymy or superordinatehyponymy or superordinate
For example:For example:
The body= legs,arms,elbows,foot,shoulderThe body= legs,arms,elbows,foot,shoulder
Sports=cyclism,soccer,tennis,basketballSports=cyclism,soccer,tennis,basketball
Clothes=t-shirts, pants, sweeterClothes=t-shirts, pants, sweeter

PolysemyPolysemy
 The polysemy is the explication of the meaningThe polysemy is the explication of the meaning
of the one word, similarly that have between 3 orof the one word, similarly that have between 3 or
4 words for explain various meanings:4 words for explain various meanings:
 Cat (animal,hydraulic cat for raise heavy cars)Cat (animal,hydraulic cat for raise heavy cars)
 Cebra (animal, people cross in the street)Cebra (animal, people cross in the street)
 nice = 1. pleasant; 2. kind; 3. friendly; etc.nice = 1. pleasant; 2. kind; 3. friendly; etc.

Word formationWord formation
 The word formetion is the transformation of the olderThe word formetion is the transformation of the older
words that we knowned traditionally , but is depending ofwords that we knowned traditionally , but is depending of
semantics change that the meaning of the word will besemantics change that the meaning of the word will be
derivated with idiomatic expressions , incorpored withderivated with idiomatic expressions , incorpored with
very wordsvery words
Examples: employee – employeerExamples: employee – employeer
Play- playerPlay- player
Buy-buyBuy-buy

And another hand one of types of wordAnd another hand one of types of word
formation:formation:
A. DERIVATION: is the formation of theA. DERIVATION: is the formation of the
new words appling AFFIXES for that anew words appling AFFIXES for that a
word be compementedword be compemented
For example: happy – happinessFor example: happy – happiness
Dark-darknessDark-darkness
Hope - hoplessHope - hopless

CompetenCe and performanCeCompetenCe and performanCe
 Into linguistics, try the explain the following competences:Into linguistics, try the explain the following competences:
 A. language vs language use:A. language vs language use:
 Into the grammar that we used normally sometimes isn’t the adecuated in aInto the grammar that we used normally sometimes isn’t the adecuated in a
workplace, because there are some words or expressions that wouldn’t canworkplace, because there are some words or expressions that wouldn’t can
usedused
 For example:For example: "Would you open the door.""Would you open the door."
 "Open your books to page 4," "Open your books to page 4,"
 B. Competence versus Performance.B. Competence versus Performance.
 The rules of grammar are representations of knowledge, or COMPETENCE,The rules of grammar are representations of knowledge, or COMPETENCE,
while the rules for the social and psychological use of language arewhile the rules for the social and psychological use of language are
PERFORMANCE representations. Ferdinand de Saussure distinguishedPERFORMANCE representations. Ferdinand de Saussure distinguished
between la langue "language" and le parole "speech". Performance rulesbetween la langue "language" and le parole "speech". Performance rules
are extragrammatical. They are general cognitive processes which operateare extragrammatical. They are general cognitive processes which operate
on grammatical objects but are not grammatical themselves; they areon grammatical objects but are not grammatical themselves; they are
 Conscious, logicalConscious, logical
 Irregular, grammatically unpredictableIrregular, grammatically unpredictable
 Additions to the lexical stock, rather than extensions of lexical itemsAdditions to the lexical stock, rather than extensions of lexical items
 (That is, grammatical rules merely create a functional structure for the(That is, grammatical rules merely create a functional structure for the
lexicon of the language; performance rules provide a pragmatic (orlexicon of the language; performance rules provide a pragmatic (or
communicative) structure. Took of the web page:communicative) structure. Took of the web page:
((http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/linguistics/lectures/05lect10.hthttp://www.departments.bucknell.edu/linguistics/lectures/05lect10.ht

etimologyetimology
Is a branch of the linguistics thatIs a branch of the linguistics that
study of origin of the words , too studystudy of origin of the words , too study
the form and the change meaning inthe form and the change meaning in
the words, derivations ,the words, derivations ,
compounding , onomatopoeia, andcompounding , onomatopoeia, and
semantics change and the soundsemantics change and the sound
change of the wordschange of the words

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Semantics relationships

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Semantics relationships