Sensors and Transducers, Electrical Engineering
- 1. SILIGURI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Presentation on – Characteristics of Sensors And Transducers Course Name - Sensors And Transducers Course Code – OE – EE 801D Presented by Rikesh Chettri 11901622010 Electrical engineering 8th Semester Name : Roll : Department : Semester :
- 3. Introduction Sensors and transducers are fundamental components in modern technology, playing a critical role in various industries, including automation, healthcare, aerospace, and consumer electronics. They are used to detect, measure, and convert physical phenomena such as temperature, pressure, light, and motion into readable signals. The ability to gather accurate data enables advanced monitoring, control, and automation systems to function effectively. With continuous advancements in sensor technology, industries can achieve greater efficiency, improved safety, and enhanced user experiences. This presentation explores the key characteristics of sensors and transducers, their types, and their significance in everyday applications.
- 4. SENSOR- A sensor is a device that detects and measures physical properties such as temperature, pressure, or light. Example: Temperature sensor (thermocouple). TRANSDUCER- A transducer converts one form of energy into another. Example: A microphone converts sound waves into electrical signals. Defination:
- 5. Characteristics: General Characteristics- Both sensors and transducers share some fundamental characteristics, as transducers convert one form of energy to another, and sensors detect changes in physical parameters. 2. Static Characteristics- These describe the performance of a sensor or transducer under steady-state conditions. •Accuracy: The closeness of the measured value to the true value. •Precision: The ability to produce consistent readings over multiple measurements. •Sensitivity: The ratio of the output change to the input change. •Linearity: The degree to which the output is directly proportional to the input. •Hysteresis: The difference in output when the same input is applied in increasing and decreasing directions. •Resolution: The smallest change in input that a sensor can detect. •Drift: The gradual change in output over time due to factors like temperature and aging.
- 6. 3. Dynamic Characteristics These define the behavior of a sensor or transducer in response to time-varying inputs. •Response Time: The time taken for the sensor to reach a stable output after a sudden change in input. •Bandwidth: The frequency range over which the sensor operates accurately. •Damping Ratio: Determines whether the sensor response overshoots before stabilizing. •Natural Frequency: The frequency at which the sensor resonates. •Lag: The delay between input change and output response. 4. Environmental Characteristics- •Temperature Stability: Ability to maintain accuracy under temperature variations. •Humidity Resistance: Capability to function in different humidity levels. •Mechanical Robustness: Resistance to vibrations, shocks, and mechanical stresses. Characteristics:
- 7. Conclusion Sensors and transducers play a crucial role in measurement and automation systems by converting physical phenomena into measurable signals. Their performance is determined by various static and dynamic characteristics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, resolution, response time, and linearity. These characteristics influence the reliability and efficiency of the system in which they are used. A well-designed sensor or transducer should exhibit high accuracy, minimal drift, fast response time, and robustness to environmental conditions to ensure consistent and precise measurements. Understanding these characteristics helps in selecting the right sensor or transducer for specific applications, optimizing system performance, and reducing errors in data acquisition. O