Serial control

CONTENT
1. Definition
2. History
3. Types
4. Periodicity
5. Acquisition
6. Selection procedure
7. Records
8. Circulation
9. Bound volumes
10. Conclusion
11. References

 A periodical is anything that comes out with regular
issues.
 Examples: newspaper, a weekly news magazine, a
monthly journal, and an annual book series.
 Some periodicals are published in ways that make
them more valuable to scholars. Periodicals that are
"scholarly", or "peer-reviewed" all have articles that
are reviewed by experts in the subject. For other types
of periodicals, the articles may be reviewed by a
professional editor who is not an expert in the subject.

The terms 'periodical', 'serial' and 'journal' are used
interchangeably in the Library, usually to mean an academic or
scholarly journal. Periodical is a broad term, meaning anything
that is published periodically.
•Serial is also a broad term, meaning anything that is published
serially, or in a series. It is most often used to mean academic
journals.
•The literature is generally published as periodical articles since
periodicals are the best available sources among the primary
communicating media for exchange of scientific results. The
importance of periodical publication increases as the
necessity for going deep, pinpointed and up-to-date
knowledge increased.

DEFINITION
A periodical is a publication such as a magazine, journal, or newspaper.
They're called periodicals because they are published at periodic
intervals, i.e. daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly. They are
extremely important sources of information, provide a historical record
of past ideas, opinions, accomplishments and social problems.
Encyclopedia of Librarianship defines a periodical "A publication
issued at regular intervals, each issue normally being numbered
consecutively and usually dated, within foreseen and to the sequence as
publication" (Landu- 1966).
Grenfell defines a periodical as "A publication in a continuous series
with a consecutive number and no predetermined end, as distinct from a
single work in several parts"

According to Dr. S.R. Ranganathan, Periodical
publication is a document with the following attributes:
 Periodicity: A volume or small group of volumes of it, is
published or intended to be published or completed
normally once in a year or at other regular intervals.
 Distinguishing Number: Each successive volume or
periodical group of volumes, is usually distinguished by
the year of publication and/or by a number belonging to a
system of single or complex ordinal number usually
called a volume number.
 Continuity: The intention had been to continue the
publication forever and with the same title in all the
volumes though not actually carried out.

HISTORY OF PERIODICALS
The Origin of serials:
Andrew. D. Osbom has divided serials history into four broad
periods.
Initial period - 1700 A.D - Incunabula period (published up
to the year 1500) of serial publications.
Second period – 1700 A.D. to 1825 D.D. rise of the literary
periodicals, daily newspapers replaced weekly and literary
periodicals, gentleman's magazines, and proceedings of the
learned societies, scientific periodicals, law reports, and
parliamentary papers, flourished.

Third period - 1825 A.D. to 1890 A.D., was
characterized by great expansion in the number of
periodicals and their circulation, especially in the
post civil war era. This was the golden age of the
Newspaper.
Fourth period - from 1890, saw a vast proliferation
of periodicals in an "era of mass communications
made possible by cheap paper. Tabloid Newspapers,
pulp magazines, sport magazines and periodicals for
men grew in number "Little magazines, the
underground press, and radical political publications
were typical of this period

TYPES OF PERIODICALS
1) Scholarly periodicals - This type of periodicals includes the research
papers and the articles in support of the academic activities of the
scholars. E.g. Annals of Library and Information Studies, Kelpro, etc.
2) Trade periodicals - This type of periodicals is published by the trade
organizations, firms and industries for the advertisement of their product.
These periodicals focus on the popularity of the trade or the business of the
firm’s e. g. ESCORT News, Zuari News, etc.
3) Review periodicals - Review periodicals are helpful to the library
personnel, book sellers and distributors. They publish the review of the
newly published books or periodicals, i.e. Book Review, Indian Books and
Indian Press Index, etc.
4) Popular periodicals - A periodical publication which is simplified form
of Government Department, Society or other corporate body by which it is
popularly known e.g. Femina, Dharmayuga, Lokprabha, etc.

5) Magazines - Generally these are meant for the
entertainment purpose. They contain the articles on
various subjects by different authors e.g. India Today, etc.
6) Indexing periodicals - This type of periodicals is fully
devoted to the bibliographic information of the book or
the articles published in other periodicals, e.g. Index India,
Index Medicus.
7) Abstracting periodicals - Abstracting periodicals
publish only the abstract of the periodical articles, books,
pamphlets, proceedings of seminars, etc. along with the
bibliographic description e.g. Horticultural Abstracts, Field
Crop Abstracts, etc.

PERIODICITY(Frequency of Periodical Publication)
 Daily: This type of periodical is published every day. example ‘news papers’ they
contain the daily international, national, state, regional and local news .
 Bi-Weekly: Bi-weekly periodicals are published twice a week.
 Weekly: Weekly periodical is publishing on a particular day of a week, i.e. Economic
& Political weekly, India Today, Employment News etc.
 Fortnightly: This periodical is issued twice in a month at the interval of fifteen days.
Ex. Agricultural Science Digest, etc.
 Monthly: This type of periodical is issued in every month. Twelve issues are
published in a year, i.e. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, NAAC News, Journal
of Library and Information technology, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information
Technology, etc.
 Bi-monthly: Bi-monthly periodicals are published jointly for two months. Yearly
volume contains six issues i.e. Agriculture Check list.
 Quarterly: Quarterly periodicals are published four in a year and at the interval of
three months. 8) Half yearly: Two issues are published in a year.
 Annually: Only one issue of the periodical is published for a year. Ex. Year Book,
Irregular: No specific time schedule is allotted for the publication of this type of
periodicals.

Acquisition of Periodicals
• The acquisition of periodicals is the first step in the
management of periodicals. The major components of
the acquisition process are acquiring the periodical,
check-in claiming, payment and fund accounting.
• The general principles of periodicals selection do not
vary much from those governing the selection of books.
• The factors governing the selection of periodicals
i. The scope of the library
ii. Demands of the users.
iii. Whether the title is easily available elsewhere.
iv. Periodicals already taken.
v. The financial resources of the library.

According to Osbom, periodical selection is an art. Its skilled
performance depends primarily on the exercise of trained, informed
judgment.
He has laid down certain principles and procedures.
i. Checking the monthly issues of New Periodical Titles- classed subject
arrangement promptly and systematically.
ii. Acquire the material which opens up the literature of a subject or a
country.
iii. The titles that are analyzed in abstracting and indexing services should
be acquired.
iv. Duplication of periodicals should be avoided
V. Special attention should be given to the acquisition of the basic journal
or journals in all fields of interest.
vi. A complete set should be maintained instead of a broken set.
vii. In research libraries allocate an amount for the purchase of back files
of periodicals.

Periodical Acquisition System
Periodicals are identified, ordered, received, paid for, catalogued,
renewed, claimed, recatalogued after the titles change, and renewed
again until they are ceased or cancelled. Budget and curriculum are main
factors taken into consideration while acquiring the periodicals
publications.
 Means of acquiring periodicals to libraries:
i. By subscription to publishers of the periodicals who mail copies
directly to the libraries.
ii. By dealing with the vendors/agents (standing orders)
iii. By purchasing from a local book shop or news agents
iv. By taking the membership of the learned society or professional body.
V. By gifts
vi. Exchange programs.
vii. Deposits
viii. Bid Contracts
ix. Government Agencies

Publishers
Publishers sell their periodicals directly to libraries and most of them
also sell their periodicals to subscription services, who then sell them to
libraries. Libraries that order periodicals directly from the publisher must
carefully monitor the mail and the information provided inside the
periodicals received to ensure that they locate renewal notices and
invoices.
By subscription:
More often libraries prefer purchase periodicals direct from the publishers
who
accept subscription and mail copies at the basic subscription prices. The
subscription to periodical is generally paid annually in advance, the reason
being that the publishers want to be sure as to how many copies would be
consumed in a particular year.

By Dealing with Agents:
The agents accept the whole responsibility for the supply of periodicals to
libraries from the initial placement of order to the renewal of subscription, and
the
payment of multiplicity of invoices in a variety of currencies.
Standing Orders
Periodical can be acquired through standing order which means that the
publisher supplies the title automatically as and when the title gets published.
By Dealing with Agents:
The agents accept the whole responsibility for the supply of periodicals to
libraries from the initial placement of order to the renewal of subscription, and
the
payment of multiplicity of invoices in a variety of currencies.

Membership
It is somewhat similar to standing order. In special library field
particularly libraries are often part of an organization or firm which is a
member or corporate member of learned societies and research
associations.
The membership subscription usually includes at least one periodical
publication free.
By Gift:
Some publishers also supply some of their publications especially new ones so
that these may be popularized. Some organizations, including libraries, offer as
gifts
duplicate copies of certain periodicals. But before accepting the
gifts, it should be ascertained as to whether the material in question is of any use
to
the patrons of the library in question or not.
Exchange Programs
Acquisition by exchange is a valuable means of acquiring periodical
material on regular basis. The exchange of material between two libraries
is
simple as it requires no payment.

Through Government Agencies
In some countries government has assigned the responsibility of
procuring the periodicals to its own agencies to eliminate agents. In India the
responsibility was assigned to State Trading Corporation (STC), established in
1956 with the aim to broaden the scope of Indian Exports and to arrange
essential imports, STC made entry in the field of book trade in 1974.

Subscription and Acquisition
This group of activities involves the following basic jobs
1) Selection of serials for new subscription
2) Renewal or discontinuation of existing journals/serials
3) Selection of delivery mode
4) Selection of subscription mode
5) Formulation of terms & conditions of supply
6) Selection of vendors
7) Approval from authority
8) Ordering and renewal
9) Payment
10) Receipt of bound volumes
11) Reminder generation
12) Adjustment of advance payment for non-receipt of journal issues
13) Preparation of lists of subscribed journals, new arrivals and serials
holdings.

Selection tools for Periodical
According to Lakshman Prasad, Three main sources for
Periodical selection are:
1. Directories
2. Indexing ad Abstracting Services
3. Standard list of Periodicals for different types of
Libraries

SELECTION TOOL FOR PERIODICALS - According to Mittal(21 tools):
1. Ulrich International Periodical Directory, New York
2. World List of Scientific periodicals, New York
3. Willing’s Prss Giide: a comprehensive index and handbook of the press of the United
Kingdom together with Dominion UK
4. Nifor Guide to Indian periodicals, 1955-56, Poona.
5. British Union Catalogue of periodicals.
6. Directory of periodicals, New York.
7. A catalogue of German periodicals, London.
8. New Serials Titles, Library of congress.
9. Overseas Newspapers and periodicals guide book, Europe.
10. World List of National News papers, London;
11. British National Bibliography, Great Britain.
12. Times Literary Supplement, under ‘Current Periodicals Column.
13. Bulletin of the New York Public Library.
14. College and Research Libraries
15. Nature
16. UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries;
17. Stechert Hafner Book News.
18. Aslib Information.
19. Serial Titles Newly received (Library of Congress)
20. Indian National Bibliography
21. A new Quarterly proposed to be published by the publisher of “ Ulrich's Periodicals
Directory”

Selection Procedure
i) Continuing Titles
Every library will have a set of periodicals that are currently
received. The subscriptions for them have to be renewed every
year. The procedure involved in this renewal work can be
outlined as follows:
• Preparing be current list
• Reviewing the current list
• Consulting the cooperating libraries
• Reviewing the financial position
• Selecting items for deletion
• Consulting the experts, and
• obtaining sanction

ii) New Additions
The procedure in the selection of new titles
can be outlined as follows:
• Suggestions from experts
• Preliminary checking
• Details collected from sources
• Enquiries from publishers
• Finance
• Consulting experts, and
• Obtaining sanction

Ordering Procedure
Ordering procedures relates to two stages:
• Pre-ordering work
• Order placing work
i) Pre-ordering work
Pre-ordering work includes various jobs connected with:
•invitation for tenders or quotations
•tabulating the quotations
•fixing the suppliers or agents
•signing the contracts
ii) Order Placing Work
Order placing work includes various jobs connected with
• renewal orders for the continuing titles
• cancelling of unwanted titles, and
• ordering of new titles

Direct Subscription Method
The jobs included in the case of the direct subscription
method can be listed as follows:
•Sending letter asking invoices from publishers
•Scrutinising the received invoices seeking and obtaining clarifications, if
needed
•Obtaining bank drafts
•Sending orders with drafts
•Noting the information regarding payment; and getting
acknowledgements from publishers.

Agency Method
The jobs included in the case of the agency method can be
listed as follows:
Sending list of periodicals asking for pro-forma invoice from
the agent
Scrutinising the received invoice
Seeking and obtaining clarifications, if needed
Estimating the cost involved
Obtaining sanction for advance payment
Making payment to the agent
Getting proof of remittances made by the agent
Noting information regarding payments.

Procurement procedure by S.R.
Ranganathan
The Periodical Publication Ordering Work consists of the following annual jobs.
• Renewal Order Listing - Listing the periodical titles which are
to be continued in the ensuring year .
• Renewal Order List Tallying - Tallying the renewal order list
with the Registered Cards Tray .
• Renewal Order Writing - Writing of renewal order cards .
• Renewal Order Tallying-- Tallying renewal order cards with
renewal order list .
• Renewal Order Address verifying - Verifying the addresses on
renewal order cards .
• Renewal Order Sorting - Sorting the renewal order cards by
countries.

• Renewal Order Card Transmitting - Sending the sorted
renewal cards to librarian for signature
• Standing Order Cancellation - Cancelling the order for items
rejected from current list
• Cancelled Card Marking - Marking the 3 cards of each for the
cancelled publications
• Cards Cancelling -Transferring the register cards and the
check cards of the cancelled publications to the cancelled tray.
• Financial Diary Annual Posting -Posting the annual
subscription in the financial diary

The Periodical Publication Ordering Work
consists of the following weekly jobs:
•Periodical Publications Final Checking- Checking the
sanctioned indent for periodical publications with the
catalogue.
• Financial Position Deciding - Ascertaining if the finances will
bear the cost of sanctioned periodical publications,
•Order Preparing - Preparing the order for each of the
periodical publications in the sanctioned list.
•Periodical Publication Carding – Preparing 3 cards for
regulating the receipt of the current issues of periodical
publications ordered.
•Periodical Publication Order Transmitting – Transmitting the
order to the librarian for his signature.
•Financial Diary Posting – Making the necessary entry in the
financial diary.

Purpose of Serials Control System
Serial control system variably called as serial control (in SOUL 2.0), Serials
(in LIBSYS 7) and Serials Management (in NewGenLib) is one of the most
important and complex modules of any Integrated Library Management
Software (ILMS).
The purpose of a good automated serials control system may be
summarized as follows:
• To have effective and efficient control over subscription, renewal and
cancellation of serials
• To record and maintain current as well as serials holdings data accurately
• To provide accurate information about funds required and committed as
subscription to serials
• To provide necessary management information reports, whenever
required
• To reduce labour and time consuming work involved in manual serials
control systems
• To have a good control over receipt of individual issue

Advantages of automated serials control subsystem
• It improves the speed and accuracy in serials control activities .
• It can generate various reports in required formats for MIS
activities .
• It ensures timely reminders generation and better binding
control .
• It offers easy creation and maintenance of article indexing
database and thereby helps in providing a number of user services
on demand in many forms.
• It facilitates online access to the serials database from anywhere,
anytime in any format .
• It predicts the arrival of journal issues and generates schedules
for receiving journal issues .
•It helps in the export and import of cataloguing data for serials
received by the library

Recording (Registering Periodicals)
Different methods are used for the recording of the receipt of the
periodicals, the most common are:
1) Register system
2) Ledger system
3) One card system
4) Three card system
5) Kardex
6) Computerized recording

Register System
• Many libraries use register for recording the receipt of the
periodicals issues. In this method one page is allotted for
recording many periodicals.
• In this system, the monthlies, quarterlies, half-yearly are
recorded on one page.
•The information regarding the title, volume, year, publisher
Supplier, period, subscription, bill number and date are
given on the page.
•The system is not useful for recording number of
periodicals. It is useful where the number of periodicals is
limited.
•The periodicals are entered in the register in an alphabetical
manner or according to their frequency of publication.

Name of the library__________________________________ Place ____________
For the year _______________
Sl.
No.
Title Vol. &
year
Publisher Vendor or
supplier
period Subscription
Bill. No, Date
Remarks

Ledger System
The ledger system is somehow similar to the printed
advanced register system. In this system the periodical
issues are entered in a permanent ledger in an
alphabetical manner or in a numerical manner and an
index of the periodicals is given in the beginning of the
ledger. Each page contains the following information.

Name of the library__________________________________
Place ___________
Title _______________________________
Frequency of publication ___________
Publisher ___________________________
Supplier _________________________
Subscription Amount _________________

One Card System
•One card system may be followed by libraries subscribing to
about one hundred periodicals. If the number goes beyond
this limit, this system may not be suitable.
•In the one card system, blank cards of 6”x 4” are used for
recording of the receipt of the periodical with the following
columns are got printed beforehand.”
•It also contains additional information like reminders sent,
claims made etc.
•Both the sides of the card are used for the recording of
information. All the cards are arranged alphabetically in one
sequences.

Recto
Name of the library …………………………..
Place ……………..
Title ……………
Frequency/Periodicity……………
Publisher ……………
Supplier/Vendor……………

Three Card System
Dr. S.R. Ranganathan has introduced three card systems for
the recording of the receipt of the periodicals in the library.
In this system three different cards of the size 5”x 3” are used,
they are
•Register card,
•Check card
•Classified index card.

Register card
•This card is prepared in the name of the periodical and arranged
alphabetically in a tray.
•The card consists of the information on title, publisher, vendor, class
number, periodicity, order number and date, note, volume and year,
voucher number and date of payment annual subscription, volume
and issue number date of publication and date of receipt.
•The complete information about the subscription payment can be
seen at a glance.

Check card
•Check card is the most important card which facilitates the
checking of the receipt and non-receipt of a particular issue.
•It consist information on title, periodicity, volume and issue
number / date of reminder, initials of the Librarian.
•A check card will be prepared for each of the periodicals
ordered. These cards will then be arranged in a tray behind.
Guide Cards indicating the expected week of its receipt. There
will be 60 week guides in all, as there can be a maximum of 5
weeks in a month. The guide cards will be numbered as follows:

Classified Index Card
•The Classified Cards provide additional information to a reader by
making it easier to know as to which magazines on a particular subject
are received in the library.
•It further facilitates a reader to know as to the periodicals holding of a
library including the cumulative indexes, supplements etc.
•These cards are arranged in a classified order.

The Kardex System
This system was introduced by the Remington Rand of India, Ltd.
1. It is a type of visible record system maintained in a steel filing cabinet.
2. Each unit cabinet contains seven trays in all providing more than 500 card
holders. Each card holder can hold two cards, a Bottom Card and a Top
Card.
3. A Bottom Card is prepared for every journal when ordered, with its title
and other particulars typed or written on the lower portion of the card.
4. The Top Card is placed opposite the Bottom Card in the next Card Holder
so that both cards become visible side by side.
5. It is the Top Card that serves the purpose of keeping record of payments
made to the suppliers while the Bottom Card helps to watch out for the
receipt and non-receipt of periodicals .

Circulation of Periodicals
• As a general principle, journals/periodicals are not issued like
books. However, to meet specific and essential requirements
in special libraries, bound volumes or loose issues of
periodicals may be issued only for short period of time,
overnight or for a day.
• Libraries adopt different methods to ensure the use of
current periodicals.
• All libraries, for example, have the practice of displaying the
latest issues of periodicals as and when they are received and
registered.
• Some libraries circulate the issues among its specialist
clientele .

There are three kinds of arrangements to be considered here:
i) Display of current issues only.
ii) Display of current issues plus storage of some of the back numbers of that
volume or year; and
iii) Display of current issues plus storage of all the back numbers of that year or
volume.
• Shelving and Display of Periodicals Libraries display current issues of periodicals
in the general reading rooms or have a separate reading room where periodicals
are kept and displayed.
• For displaying periodicals periodical racks are used. These display racks are of
three types:-
• i) Step Type
• ii) Pigeon Hole Type
• iii) Inclined Type

STEP TYPE
INCLINED TYPE
PIGEON TYPE

•Current periodicals represent the most recent issue(s) of a particular
journal. These journals must be read in the Library only.
•Most journals have several issues to a volume (a volume usually spans one
year's worth of publications of that journal). Therefore, journals that come
out monthly will have 12 issues in a volume, whereas journals that come out
quarterly will have 4 issues to a volume, etc.
•Once a volume is no longer current, the Library will gather up the issues in
that volume and bind them together into a single book.
•These are the bound periodicals, which are then placed on the shelves on
the Back Volume sections /Storage if available separately (organized
alphabetically by title).
•The current issues for each title are placed in a holder next to the bound
volumes for that title.
BOUND VOLUMES

Article Indexing
• Article indexing is done to facilitate article level access to
the content that appears in each issue of a serial subscribed
by a library.
• A standard data input format is used for entering details of
every article that appears in a given issue of journal.
• Such format can be the one prescribed for MARC, CCF, etc.
• Integrated Library Management Software (ILMSs) usually
have a module or sub module for building article index
database.
• Usually article indexing becomes necessary when externally
published indexing and abstracting services do not cover
the core journals in a given discipline.

Check-in
• One of the most important features of a serials control system is its
check-in capability since it is a highly repetitive operation, it must
be fast and friendly to be useful to the library staff.
 There are two basic methods .
 First method, the operator has to input the check-in data into the
system such as volume number, issues number and additional
information such as accompanied materials or supplements. While,
this method is very flexible, it can be inconvenient and time
consuming.
 Second method, the system can predict the expected issue. If the
predicted issue matches with the one in hand which is to be
checked-in, with minimum number of keystrokes, the issue can be
checked-in. However, this method is possible only for those serials
which have predictable pattern of publication and the expected
issue can be predicted based on some frequency cycle.

Allocating Funds
•The selection of periodicals should also be governed by
financial considerations.
•The finance available for periodicals will normally be
decided by the library budget.
•Proper budgeting should take into account the amount
needed to continue current subscriptions as well as the
price increases which are not unusual in the case of
periodicals.
•The amount set apart for the latter will have to be added
every year .

Arranging Personnel
•Planning for periodicals / serials selection should also cover the personnel
or human factor.
•The people involved in the selection process are the librarian, the
acquisition staff the subject experts and the library authority or selection
committee.
•The Periodicals Department should enlist the services of qualified and
competent staff. They should be people who have intimate knowledge about
the procedures and methods involved in the selection, ordering and
management of periodicals.
•Since the work in the periodicals Department involves estimating and
accounting, including conversion of foreign currencies, there should be
people with a flair for working with figures and people who understand the
foreign exchange regulations and formalities.

Job Analysis( the context in which job are
performed)
Thus, the distinctive work of the Periodicals Section is
to be planned(Source, Selection, Indents and Financial
planning) with reference to the following factors,
according to S.R. Ranganathan:
• Standing vendors
• Current volumes
• Back volumes

Work Diary:
The Periodicals Department has to maintain a Work Diary
which must be on a daily basis by noting down all quantifiable
works completed,
-the number of periodicals received
-the number of periodicals registered
-the number of items collated
-the number of items stamped
-the number of items displayed
-the number of wrong periodicals returned
-the number of reminders sent, etc.

Files:
There are a number of files to be maintained in the
department. Some of them
are relating to the following:
-Budget
-Enquiries and quotations
-Exchanges Suggestions and intends
-Invoices
-Consultations
-Orders

CONCLUSION
The exponential growth of periodical literature has immensely
enhanced the need to evolve an effective and foolproof
periodical control and management system. This need for
establishing an impregnable control method becomes all the
more necessary due to the prohibitively exorbitant prices of
periodical publications. In order to develop a useful collection, it
is essential to formulate a selection policy for the acquisition of
periodicals.

•Ashraf, Tariq. (2004). Problems of Library Acquisitions. New Delhi:
Anmol.
• Chiqu-Sen, Dora Chen. (1995) Periodicals management: a practical
guide. Chicago: American Library Association.
•Mittal, R.L. (1965). Acquisition of Periodicals in Indian University
libraries: Some ohstrwoiions. Library Herald, 8(1 &2), 191.
•Balakrishnan, Shyama. (2000). Library Serials Management. New
Delhi: Common Wealth.
•Grenfell, David (1965). Periodicals and Serials: their treatment in
special libraries, (2nd ed.). London: ASLIB.
•Houghton, Bernard. (1975). Scientific serials, their historical
development, characteristics and control. London: Clive Bingley.
REFERENCES

•Osbom, Andrew D. (1955). Serial publications: their place and treatment in
libraries. Chicago: American Library Association.
•Osbom, Andrew D. (1973). Serial publications: their place and treatment in
libraries, (2nd rev. ed.). Chicago: American Library Association.
•Kumar, R.P. (1984). Origin and development of periodicals in English in
India before independence. In Survey of periodicals. International Library
Review, 16(2), 183-202.
•Harrod, Leonord Mantague, (Ed.), (1971). The Librarian's Glossary (3rd rev.
ed.). London: Andrew Deutsche.
•Chabbra, Survinder Singh. (1994). Periodical literature on library
automation. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications.
•Davinson, DE. (1960). Periodicals: a manual of practice for librarians.
Grafton: London.
•www.lisbdnet.com/periodical -in-college-libraries/ retrieved on 10.10.2018
•IGNOU study materials on periodical acquisition-unit.8

Serial control

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