Serving Ireland's Geospatial Information as Linked Data
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The document discusses the adaptation of Ireland’s Ordnance Survey geospatial data into linked data using the Prime2 model to enhance structured data accessibility and interlinking. It outlines the goals, requirements, and technical architecture needed for implementing a semantic architecture for linked data projects with an emphasis on ontology development and use case scenarios. Future directions include further evolution of geospatial data and the introduction of access control mechanisms for closed linked data.
![www.adaptcentre.ie
TRIPLESTORE
Knowledge Representation and Organization
Prime2 Database
Ontologies
R2RML
Mapping
R2RML
Processor
Graphs Use Case 1
default • Types
• Labels
• Links
• 100m resoluBon
50 meters • 50m resoluBon
20 meters • 20m resoluBon
• Default geometry
links • With LOD cloud
Graphs Use Case 2
default • AcBviBes [PROV-O]
• EnBBes [PROV-O]
• History of
100m resoluBon
50 meters • History of
50m resoluBon
20 meters • History of
20m resoluBon](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2016-12-02-pldn-170302160001/85/Serving-Ireland-s-Geospatial-Information-as-Linked-Data-7-320.jpg)
![www.adaptcentre.ieExample evolution of boundaries
B
C D
A
B
C D
A
<http://data.example.com/feature/A>
a geo:Feature ;
rdfs:label "A" ;
geo:hasGeometry
[ a geo:Geometry ;
geo:asWKT "MULTIPOLYGON (((0 1, 0 2, 3 2, 3 1, 0 1)))"^^geo:wktLiteral
] .
<http://data.example.com/feature/B> … .
<http://data.example.com/feature/C> … .
<http://data.example.com/feature/D> … .
<http://data.example.com/feature/A>
a geo:Feature ; rdfs:label "A" ;
geo:hasGeometry
[ a geo:Geometry ;
geo:asWKT "MULTIPOLYGON (((1 1, 1 2, 3 2, 3 1, 1 1)))"^^geo:wktLiteral ;
prov:wasGeneratedBy <http://data.example.com/change/1> ;
prov:wasRevisionOf
[ a geo:Geometry ;
geo:asWKT "MULTIPOLYGON (((0 1, 0 2, 3 2, 3 1, 0 1)))"^^geo:wktLiteral
]
] .
<http://data.example.com/feature/B> … .
<http://data.example.com/feature/C> … .
<http://data.example.com/feature/D> … .
<http://data.example.com/change/1>
a prov:Activity ;
prov:endedAtTime "2000-01-01T12:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
prov:startedAtTime"2000-01-01T12:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ;
prov:used <http://data.example.com/instrument/1> .
<http://data.example.com/instrument/1>
a prov:Entity ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2000-01-01" ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier> "1" ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Change A" .
Legal
Instrument
ordering
change of A’s
boundary on
2000/01/01
Simplified example.
Different graphs are used
for different resolutions.
Types for activities and
entities omitted.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2016-12-02-pldn-170302160001/85/Serving-Ireland-s-Geospatial-Information-as-Linked-Data-8-320.jpg)
Serving Ireland's Geospatial Information as Linked Data
- 1. Serving Ireland’s Geospatial as Linked Data on the Web Dr. Christophe Debruyne ADAPT @ Trinity College Dublin The ADAPT Centre is funded under the SFI Research Centres Programme (Grant 13/RC/2106) and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund.
- 2. www.adaptcentre.ieWhat is Linked Data? The Web of Documents were created by humans for humans; the links between documents bore little meaning for machines and documents provided little structured information. Structured information can be found on the Web – such as XML, CSV, etc. – but, … How do we link data rather than documents, and create a global “database” of information? Linked Data is a global initiative to publish and interlink structured (open) data on the Web using a combination of standardized technologies (HTTP, URI, RDF) such that … • any agent can explore the data and links … • that is fit for the agent (human or computer based) … • via a “protocol” and … • allowing one to build innovative applications.
- 3. www.adaptcentre.ieContext • In 2014, the Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi) delivered a newly developed spatial data storage model known as Prime2. • With Prime2, OSi moved from a traditional map-centric model towards an object-oriented model from which various types of mapping and data services can be produced. • OSi furthermore aims to adopt Linked Data to enable third parties to explore and consume some of OSi's authoritative datasets. But how? Can Prime2 form the basis for that?
- 4. www.adaptcentre.ieOSi Linked Data Projects Goal: To lay the foundations of a semantic architecture and Linked Data platform for the OSi taking into account best practices and guidelines in the domain of geospatial information and industry and OSi’s current technology stack. Starting from the boundaries dataset. These are open and already available on http://data.gov.ie/, but not as Linked Data.
- 5. www.adaptcentre.ieRequirements Analysis • Requirements analysis included engagement the Central Statistics Office and the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform as stakeholders. • Formulation of two use case scenarios from which requirements were distilled: 1. Accessing the same features with different geometric representations, i.e., different generalizations or “resolutions”. 2. Capturing the provenance and evolution of features and their geometric representations. E.g., Statutory Instruments to change boundaries.
- 6. www.adaptcentre.ieKnowledge Representation and Organization Ontologies • Features and Geometries based on GeoSPARQL • Provenance using Statute Instruments based on PROV-O • Static and dynamic boundaries (and their relationships) • Necessary ontologies developed and published Workshops with DPER and CSO on a URI Strategy • Information Resources vs. Non-Information Resources • Using Prime2’s GUIDs and a hint of the instance’s nature Cleverly using (named) graphs to support both use cases Mapping the Prime2 database to RDF with R2RML
- 7. www.adaptcentre.ie TRIPLESTORE Knowledge Representation and Organization Prime2 Database Ontologies R2RML Mapping R2RML Processor Graphs Use Case 1 default • Types • Labels • Links • 100m resoluBon 50 meters • 50m resoluBon 20 meters • 20m resoluBon • Default geometry links • With LOD cloud Graphs Use Case 2 default • AcBviBes [PROV-O] • EnBBes [PROV-O] • History of 100m resoluBon 50 meters • History of 50m resoluBon 20 meters • History of 20m resoluBon
- 8. www.adaptcentre.ieExample evolution of boundaries B C D A B C D A <http://data.example.com/feature/A> a geo:Feature ; rdfs:label "A" ; geo:hasGeometry [ a geo:Geometry ; geo:asWKT "MULTIPOLYGON (((0 1, 0 2, 3 2, 3 1, 0 1)))"^^geo:wktLiteral ] . <http://data.example.com/feature/B> … . <http://data.example.com/feature/C> … . <http://data.example.com/feature/D> … . <http://data.example.com/feature/A> a geo:Feature ; rdfs:label "A" ; geo:hasGeometry [ a geo:Geometry ; geo:asWKT "MULTIPOLYGON (((1 1, 1 2, 3 2, 3 1, 1 1)))"^^geo:wktLiteral ; prov:wasGeneratedBy <http://data.example.com/change/1> ; prov:wasRevisionOf [ a geo:Geometry ; geo:asWKT "MULTIPOLYGON (((0 1, 0 2, 3 2, 3 1, 0 1)))"^^geo:wktLiteral ] ] . <http://data.example.com/feature/B> … . <http://data.example.com/feature/C> … . <http://data.example.com/feature/D> … . <http://data.example.com/change/1> a prov:Activity ; prov:endedAtTime "2000-01-01T12:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; prov:startedAtTime"2000-01-01T12:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; prov:used <http://data.example.com/instrument/1> . <http://data.example.com/instrument/1> a prov:Entity ; <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date> "2000-01-01" ; <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier> "1" ; <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title> "Change A" . Legal Instrument ordering change of A’s boundary on 2000/01/01 Simplified example. Different graphs are used for different resolutions. Types for activities and entities omitted.
- 9. www.adaptcentre.ieConceptual Architecture of the LD Platform Proxy Server TPF Server TPF Web Client Linked Data Frontend Website (dumps) Ontologies SPARQL Endpoint Triplestore TPF Client
- 10. www.adaptcentre.ieConceptual Architecture of the LD Platform
- 11. www.adaptcentre.ieOngoing work… • Publication of boundary data used by CENSUS 2011 • EDs,Towns, Settlements, etc. published as Linked Data and linked with http://data.cso.ie/ • Dynamic vs. Static boundary datasets • Merge of North and South Tipperary • Creation of links with DBpedia,GeoNames, TCD Library, etc. • Creation of a spatial component to a pollution dataset
- 12. www.adaptcentre.ieConclusion and Future Directions We have used OSi’s Prime2 dataset to publish their authoritative geospatial data as Linked Data on the Web by creating R2RML mappings using ontologies that extend GeoSPARQL, and PROV-O. Future directions include: • Transforming the geometries of buildings, the evolution thereof, and how to link with the documents that inform the OSi of these changes (“closed” Linked Data) • Access control mechanisms for such “Closed” Linked Data