Session 08_Risk Assessment Program for YSP_Risk Treatment and Communication
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The document outlines the ISO 31000 risk management process, emphasizing the importance of risk treatment as a means to modify and mitigate risks. It elaborates on various methods of risk treatment, including avoidance, reduction, and sharing, and stressed that risk assessment findings must be acted upon to avoid negligence. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of documenting and communicating results effectively to ensure stakeholder awareness and understanding.
Session 08_Risk Assessment Program for YSP_Risk Treatment and Communication
- 1. Risk Assessment Program Trainer: Mr. Muizz Anibire, MSc Tel: +966501296203, Email: muizzanibire10@gmail.com
- 2. Risk Treatment The ISO 31000 Risk Management Process and Risk Treatment Tools
- 3. Risk Treatment Risk treatment is defined by ISO Guide 73 (ANSI/ASSE Z690.1- 2011) as the ‘process to modify risk’. Risk treatments that deal with negative consequences are sometimes referred to as “risk mitigation”, “risk elimination”, “risk prevention” and “risk reduction”. (ANSI/ASSE Z690.1-2011) Risk treatment involves the selection and application of risk reduction measures for a risk which is judged to be unacceptable. It is the end result or output of the risk assessment process used to control the identified hazard and reduce its risk. Without acting upon the risk assessment’s findings and treating risk, a risk assessment is of no value, and in fact may lead to negligence of the organization (Popov, Lyon, Hollcroft, 2016). Decisions on treating a risk will likely depend on the costs and benefits of risk and the costs and benefits of implementing improved controls (refer to ALARP concept).
- 4. Risk Treatment Risk treatment can involve: avoiding the risk by deciding not to start or continue with the activity that gives rise to the risk; taking or increasing risk in order to pursue an opportunity; removing the risk source; changing the likelihood; changing the consequences; sharing the risk with another party or parties [including contracts and risk financing; and retaining the risk by informed decision.
- 5. Risk Treatment Risk treatment requires the risk assessment team or decision makers to determine the options available, and their degree of risk reduction, reliability, and associated cost to implement and maintain. Feasible control options that may reduce or eliminate the risk from the identified hazard(s) are identified using internal and external resources. Existing internal sources include the OSH professional, experienced stakeholders and operators familiar with the hazard and control methods. Input from affected workers knowledgeable in the operation, equipment or process is advised. External resources such as manufacturers' literature and engineering reports; OSH-related research from institutes, and professional organizations such as ASSE and AIHA; regulatory standards and guidance; industry best practices; industry consensus standards; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) publications are also available.
- 6. Risk Treatment Risk treatment plans can involve a single control or multiple risk reduction measures to accomplish the risk reduction desired. Concepts such as ‘inherently safe design’, ‘layers of protection’, ‘recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices’ and ‘safer technology and alternatives’ along with the hierarchy of controls should be incorporated into the risk treatment plan. Risk treatment selection requires a balancing of the overall costs, and the financial and non-financial benefits, including legal and regulatory requirements. This requires some investigation into the suppliers of the risk treatment, and associated costs including purchase price, installation, training, maintenance and services costs, as well as the expected life span of the treatment. Risks with extremely high severity potential, but low likelihood may warrant risk treatment even when the costs of the treatment are not justified in a typical cost benefit analysis.
- 7. Risk Treatment Selection Methods
- 8. Risk Treatment Note 1: Recognized and Generally Accepted Good Engineering Practices (RAGAGEP) Introduced by OSHA in the CFR 29, 1910.119 Process Safety Management (PSM) standard. RAGAGEP involves the selection and application of appropriate engineering, operating, and maintenance knowledge when designing, operating and maintaining chemical facilities with the purpose of ensuring safety and preventing process safety incidents. Note 2: Safer Technology and Alternatives (STAA) One risk reduction approach for chemical incident prevention developed and implemented by industry and stakeholders, is the promulgation of requirements for safer technology and alternatives or STAA. The concept of safer technology and alternatives has been incorporated into both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Risk Management Plan standard and OSHA’s Process Safety Management standard. STAA refers to risk reduction strategies developed through analysis using a hierarchy of controls model illustrated in the figure next slide.
- 9. Risk Treatment: Safer Technology and Alternatives (STAA)
- 10. Documenting and Communicating Risk Risk assessment results should be well documented to demonstrate the methods, communicate the results and to be referred to and understood by different people at different times. In ANSI Z590.3-2011, 7.12, Document the Results, it suggests documenting the names, titles, and qualifications of the risk assessment team, the methods, hazards identified, risks, controls and follow-up actions. A risk register is one well accepted method of documenting the risk assessment and its results. The Risk Assessment has little value if it is not effectively communicated to all affected stakeholders. Communication must start from the beginning, during the context phase throughout the process and include monitoring and verifying risk reduction results.
- 11. Documenting and Communicating Risk Risk Register Case # Location Task Hazard # Hazard Current State Risk Level Additional Controls Completion Date Future State Risk Level 1 QC Lab Plasma cutter 1.1 Electrical Shock 14.00 Adm. 2/20/15 12.00 1 QC Lab Plasma cutter 1.2 burns 15.20 Adm., PPE 3/15/15 12.00 1 QC Lab Plasma cutter 1.3 arc flash 11.20 Adm. 2/20/15 9.80 1 QC Lab Plasma cutter 1.4 noise 19.00 Eng. 3/15/15 8.40 1 QC Lab Plasma cutter 1.5 fire 14.00 Adm. 3/15/15 12.00 1 QC Lab Plasma cutter 1.6 dust 11.20 Adm. 3/15/15 9.60 2 QC Lab Weld Destruct 2.1 ergo- strains 14.00 Adm. 4/15/15 12.00 2 QC Lab Weld Destruct 2.2 vibration 19.00 Elim. 4/15/15 4.80 2 QC Lab Weld Destruct 2.3 noise 11.20 PPE 4/15/15 10.80 2 QC Lab Weld Destruct 2.4 struck by 15.20 PPE 2/20/15 14.40 2 QC Lab Weld Destruct 2.5 dust 16.00 Multi-Eng. 4/15/15 8.40 2 QC Lab Weld Destruct 2.6 struck against 11.40 Multi-Eng. 3/15/15 6.30 2 QC Lab Weld Destruct 2.7 falls same level 16.00 Eng. 3/15/15 11.20 3 Finishin g Wash Station 3.1 hot liquid 9.00 Sub. 4/15/15 6.30 3 Finishin g Wash Station 3.2 struck against 14.25 Elim. 4/15/15 0.20 3 Finishin g Wash Station 3.3 chem- corrosive 11.20 Sub. 4/15/15 4.20 3 Finishin g Wash Station 3.4 hot surfaces 14.25 Elim. 4/15/15 2.10 3 Finishin g Wash Station 3.5 mechanical 9.60 Multi-Eng. 3/15/15 4.80 3 Finishin g Wash Station 3.6 ergo- strains 11.20 Elim. 4/15/15 0.20
- 12. Risk Treatment Tracking– Interactive Tool