Session II: Tep Ouen - TVET Total Quality Journey in Cambodia 2010-2015
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The document details the evolution of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Cambodia from 2010 to 2015, emphasizing strategic planning aimed at improving quality, access, and management of the TVET system. It outlines the challenges faced, including poor training quality and a skills mismatch, and the responses taken, such as the implementation of competency-based training frameworks and enhanced industry engagement. The strategic plan for 2014-2018 focuses on increasing enrolment, particularly among women, and establishing effective governance within the TVET sector.
Session II: Tep Ouen - TVET Total Quality Journey in Cambodia 2010-2015
- 1. TVET TOTAL QUALITY JOURNEY in Cambodia 2010-2015 Prepared by TEP OEUN, Deputy Director General of TVET/MLVT, 2015 1 The 7th Expert meeting of the Employment and Skills Strategies in Southeast Asia Initiative (ESSSA) / OECD Education and Skills Network 07 October 2015 Siem Reap, Cambodia
- 2. TVET TOTAL QUALITY JOURNEY Introduction Outputs TVET’s Total Quality Journey Strategic Planning for TVET development in Cambodia, 2014-2018 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 3. Source: 30 July 2013, MEF Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 4. Employment population (15-64 year) by industrial sector, 2009-2013 57.6 54.2 55.8 51 48.7 15.9 16.2 16.9 18.6 19.9 26.5 29.6 27.3 30.4 31.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Agriculture Industry Service Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2013 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 5. Labour force participation rates (15-64 years) by age groups, education level completed and sex, 2013 Grou p Age None or only some education Primary school not completed Primary school completed Lower secondary completed Upper secondary completed Post secondary education F Men F Men F Men F Men F Men F Men 15-19 7 3.9 27.1 33.7 46.4 39.3 16.9 19.7 2.4 3.2 0.2 0.2 20-24 6.3 5.7 25.6 24.8 33.7 31.6 18.5 20.6 11.9 12.9 3.8 4.4 25-34 13.2 9.7 38.1 26.7 25.9 26 11.6 18.9 6.1 10.6 5.2 8.1 35-44 20.9 9.2 41.1 38.8 25 26.4 8.5 16 3.3 9.4 1 5.3 45-54 30.9 13.5 49.6 40.3 14.1 26.5 3.2 10.9 1.7 6.1 0.6 2.8 55-64 32.9 14 53.1 50.8 8.8 21.4 3.5 8.6 0.8 2.7 0.9 2.5 Note: 15-24 6.5 5 26.3 28.4 38.9 34.7 17.9 20.3 8 9 2.3 2.7 Source: Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey 2013 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 6. SOCIO-ECONOMIC GOAL OF ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA Moving up from Lower-middle Income Country to To progress to Upper-middle Income Country To further progress to Developed Country Therefore, the country requires high- quality, skilled and capable human resources. MLVT has an important role to play in accelerating the industrialization of the country 2015 2030 2050 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 7. Outputs TVET’s Total Quality Journey Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 8. Reform TVET System Strengthen Management Improve quality training Enhancing qualityand access Step 1, 1996-2004 Step 2, 2005-2008 Step 3, 2009-2014 Step 4, 2015-2020 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 9. TVET Development Cycle,1996-2020 Step 4, 2015 to 2020: Enhancing Quality and Access - Improvequality and relevantTVET System - Increase Access and equity of TVET program - Strengthen quality management and good governance Step 3, 2009 to 2014: Improve quality training - Approval CQF, - Develop and delivery CBT, - Management by cluster TVET Inst. - Develop training providers network Step 2, 2005 to 2008: Strengthen Management - Strengthen PPP, including NTB, PTB, IATC, ……. - Introduce a new TVET financial model (VSTP) - Develop NTTI as a model trainer for all TVET - Capacity building development Step 1, 1996 to 2004: Reform TVET system - Initiative setting up NQF development - Introduce CBT in TVET curriculum - Build public-private partnership (NTB, PTB, AITC, ) - Set up the National Technical Training Center (NTTI) Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 10. Education System for Cambodia W O R L D O F W O R K BRIDGING BRIDGING BRIDGING 15 16 17 18 DOCTORAL 19 20 21 TRADE I TRADE III TRADE II CERTIFICATE II CERTIFICATE III CERTIFICATE I CERTIFICATE TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL STREAM 13 14 DIPLOMA BACHELOR 13 15 14 16 DEGREE 17 18 19 20 21 YEAR OF SCHOOLING 7 8 9 11 10 12 5 6 1 3 2 4 BACHELOR 13 14 16 15 17 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 13 15 14 16 19 20 21UNIVERSITY GENERAL STREAM TECHNOLOGICAL STREAM GENERALSC HOOLS 7 8 9 11 10 12 6 3 5 4 1 2 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 11. Track 1 Poverty Reduction Short-courses training (Certificate courses/Non-formal training), at 1st level of CQF Community based training Enterprise based training Center based training Apprenticeship training Special needs training Skills Bridging Programmes Post-harvest Technology and Food processing Others Track 2 Supporting Industrial Development Long-course training, at least 1-year and has started from 2nd level to up of CQF Certificate I, II, III High Diploma Engineering/Bachelor Master Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training Tracks Policy
- 12. PRIOR TO 2010, SOME KEY ISSUES related to concerns in the past about quality of training. Poor quality of TVET programs and graduates Mismatch between supplied & demand of skills Weak governance and coordination of TVET Lack of Strong Industry Engagement Inadequate Financing. Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training Outputs tVEt’s rEfOrm
- 13. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Poor quality of TVET programs and graduates o Adoption of Cambodian Qualification Framework (CQF) o Approval of 62 industry endorsed competency Standards(CS), competency - based curriculum (CBC) of CQF Levels 2, 3 and 4 of 21 job positions in Civil construction, Auto-mechanic, Business services and ICT sectors completed o Formulation of 35 competency-based learning packages and competency- based assessment package (CAP) of CQF Levels 2, 3 and 4 of 12 job positions in 3 sectors above. Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 14. CAMBODIA QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK (CQF) CQF Level TVET Higher Education 8 Doctoral Degree of Technology/Business Education Doctoral Degree 7 Master Degree of Technology/Business Education Masters Degree 6 Bachelor of Technology/Business Education Bachelors Degree 5 High Diploma of Technology/Business Education Associate Degree 4 Certificate 3 3 Certificate 2 2 Certificate 1 1 Vocational Skills Certificate Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 15. Cambodia Qualification Framework (CQF) CQF 8 DhD LowSecondarySchool GraduatesorEquivalence (targetgroup) CQF 7 Master Upper Secondary School Graduates or Equivalence (target group) CQF 6 Bachelor CQF 5 High Diploma CQF 4 Certificate III CQF 3 Certificate II CQF 2 Certificate I CQF 1 Vocational Certificate Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 16. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Poor quality of TVET programs and graduates o Implementation of new competency -based training (CBT) programs, o Construction of new buildings, equipping of workshops have been constructed, training of teachers o Capacity building development of managements, and instructors/ teachers of TVET institutions Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 17. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Mismatch between Supplied and Demand of Skills o Selection of Construction, Mechanics and ICT/Business as priority sectors under current STVET project o Selection of Electricity and Manufacturing in next TVETSDP project o Greater interaction and cooperation with private industry and employers o Closer cooperation with communes as well as various stakeholders and development partners o Operationalization of Labour Market Information System to gauge and assess the labour market trends to match supply and demand. Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 18. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Weak Governance and Coordination of TVET o Restructuring of DG.TVET into 6 Departments to better strategize, plan, oversee and monitor performance of all registered public and private TVET institutions o Redesigning and uploading registration protocol for TVET institutions to register with MLVT o Baseline and Assessment and Tracer Studies o Completion of Policy Study on “Future Directions of TVET and TVET Financing” Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 19. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Weak Governance and Coordination of TVET o Approval of TVET Strategic Plan 2014- 18 o Operationalization of TVETMIS with production of annual TVETMIS reports of 2012-13 and 2013-14 o Adoption of Quality Assurance Framework, with annual quality audits for 2012-13 and 2013-14 completed o Regional and international training and study tours for various senior management and mid-level officers o Intensive Capacity building in-country training workshops (155 workshops) benefitting 1,694 individuals Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 20. QA-M & E •Managment & Governance •Resources •Staff & Teaching Staff •Trainee & Students •Curriculum, Teaching & Learning • Research & Development (( Strengthen & Expand Partner Development) DG TVET Monitoring & Evaluation of Quality TVET Institutions Self-Assessment TVETMIS •Trainee & Student •Staff & Teaching Staff •Inventory •Finance •TVET Institutions •Training Programs /courses TENA Baseline Study LMIS Quality Assurance Framework Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 21. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Cluster TVET Inst. Management Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 22. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Lack of Strong Industry Engage- ment o Establishment of Expert Workers’ Groups in Construction, Mechanics and ICT/ Business, and their involvement in reviewing CS, CBC documents o Establishment of Industry Advisory Groups in three sectors and their involvement in reviewing and endorsing CS, CBC documents o Establishment of National Training Board, Sub-committee on Skills Standards on reviewing CS, CBC documents for NTB approval o Re-establishment of Industry Liaison Units (ILUs) in all public TVET institutions to strengthen relationships with private industry/ employers o Setting up of SKILLS SECTORS COUNCILS will further strengthen INDUSTRY ENGAGEMENT Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 23. QA Management Framework NEADG TVET Sub-Committee for Accreditation Sub-Committee for Skills Standards Development Sub-Committee for Labour Market Information IEG, IAG, SSC, External Auditor Working Group Executive Committee National Training Board PTB 1. Provincials Department of Labour & Vocational Training 2. Provincial Training Center 3. Others Internal Auditor Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 24. 2010 STATUS IN 2015 Inadequate Financing TVET Policy and Financing Study, TVET Strategic Plan 2014- 2018 and Investment Plan (Midterm Expenditure Framework) 2015-2018 explain the need for doubling the financing to the TVET sector to o improve quality and relevance of its programs o increase equitable access to different types and levels of programs o Increase enrollment, especially at the certificate levels o develop skills standards for other priority sectors o training of teachers, in both pedagogical and technical training. o Upgrade physical facilities, both building /workshop and equipment. Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 25. NTB OPERATIONAL CQF APPROVED AND IMPLEMENTED DGTVET RESTRUCTURED 3 PRIORITY SECTORS SELECTED UNDER STVET 2 MORE PRIORITYSECTORSSELECTEDUNDERTVET SDP PRIVATE SECTOR BEING ENGAGED IN CRITICAL ACITIVITIES INDUSTRY-ENDORSED COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING DESIGNED AND IMPLEMENTED ALLOWING FLEXIBILITY AND PORTABILITY LOT OF CAPACITY BUILDING WORKSHOPS CONDUCTED FOR BOTH SENIOR MANAGEMENT, TEACHERS, STAFF HEAVY INVESTMENT IN FACILTIES TVETMIS & QUALITY AUDITS PRIOR TO 2010 2015 Testing & Assessment Centers to be Established Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training KEYREFORMS
- 26. STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR TVET DEVELOPMENT IN CAMBODIA, 2014-2018 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 27. Vision Knowledge, skills and competencies for all for lifelong employability, productivity and competitiveness for sustainable social and economic development in a competitive globalized economy. Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 28. Strategic Planning FOR TVET Development, 2014-2018 1 IImprove Quality and Relevance of TVET system 2 Increase Access and Equity to TVET programmes 3 Strengthen Good Governance & Management in TVET system Public Private Partnership-PPP Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 29. IMPROVING QUALITY AND RELEVANCE OF TVET SYSTEM Indicators Targets 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Develop and Implement a National TVET Policy by 2016 Number of priority sectors for CQF Level 2-4 courses available each year 0 3 3 4 4 5 CQF Sub-Decree to be fully implemented by 2016 The percentage of MLVT public institutions who meet all QA standards and conditions reaches 100% N/A 50% 60% 70% 80% 100 % Employer satisfaction reaches 85% by 2018 N/A 50% 60% 70% 80% 85% Design, develop and implement a Cambodian Quality Training Framework (CQTF) system for governing TVET in Cambodia to be 60% completed by 2018 N/A 0 10% 30% 50% 60% Mechanism to productively engage with industry are fully established and operationalised by 2018. (eg: IAG, ITC) N/A Introduce the Levy Grant System by 2018 Increase the number of enrolments of private sector teacher training participants to be 25% of total NTTI enrolments by 2018 N/A 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Pilot the new internship program for 200 public TVET trainees by 2018 N/A 0 30 75 130 200 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 30. INCREASING ACCESS AND EQUITY TO TVET PROGRAMMES Indicators Targets 2013 (Baselin e) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Increase TVET enrolments in CQF Level 2- Level 4 certificate programs offered by MLVT public Institutions by 15% each year 1,115 1,282 1,475 1,696 1,950 2,243 Increase the percentage of women graduating from formal TVET programs offered by MLVT public TVET Institutions to 30% by 2018 23% 24% 26% 28% 29% 30% Number of those accessing stipends to support them while undertaking CQF Certificate Levels 2 –Level 4 reaches a total of 3921 by 2018 0 500 1,000 1,600 2,500 3,921 Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 31. STRENGTHENING GOOD GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF TVET SYSTEM Indicators Targets 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 DGTVET is 100% compliant in meeting program budgeting and reporting guidelines by 2016 N/A 100% 100% 100% 100% of MLVT public TVET institutions utilize TVETMIS to meet reporting obligations by 2018 0 50% 60% 80% 90% 100% DGTVET maintains a fully functional LMIS by 2016 N/A DGTVET implements mechanisms to improve the harmonization of TVET data and reporting by 2017 DGTVET recurrent budget is increased by 15% each year (with an initial increase of 30% from 2014 – 2015) (million USD) N/A $4.216 $5.481 $6.303 $7.248 $8.335 DGTVET has an agreed framework to support the implementation of a Levy Grant system to support training and skills development by 2016 By 2018 DGTVET employs 30% female staff 21% 21% 25% 27% 29% 30% Ministry of Labour and Vocational Training
- 32. HowdeliveryoftheMutual RecognitionofSkillswhichAMS proposedlastyear2014? 32 Country Priority Skills Areas Proposed Collaborating AMS Cambodia - Masonry - Electrical Wiring Thailand Indonesia - Construction sector - Tourism & hospitality Singapore, Malaysia Brunei Lao PDR - Bricklaying - Plastering Thailand Malaysia - Tourism & hospitality - Housekeeping Indonesia Myanmar - Welding - Sewing machine operator Singapore Thailand Philippines - Tourism - Domestic work Myanmar Cambodia Thailand - Construction - Sewing machine operator Cambodia, Myanmar Lao PDR Viet Nam - Tourism & hospitality - Housekeeping - Automotive technology Thailand Malaysia Thank You Or Kun