Content deployment in SharePoint 2010 allows transferring content from a source site collection to a destination site collection. It provides control, security, and a way to test changes without affecting the production environment. Content deployment works best for internet or extranet sites that need read-only access and when there are separate authoring and production farms. It requires planning the export/import servers, paths, jobs, and scopes as well as ensuring features and language packs are installed correctly at the destination.